Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a novel type of highly contagious pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Despite the strong efforts taken to ...control the epidemic, hundreds of thousands of people were infected worldwide by 11 March, and the situation was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Pregnant women are more susceptible to viral infection due to immune and anatomic alteration, though hospital visits may increase the chance of infection, the lack of medical care during pregnancy may do more harm. Hence, a well‐managed system that allows pregnant women to access maternal health care with minimum exposure risk is desired during the outbreak. Here, we present the managing processes of three pregnant women who had fever during hospitalization in the gynecology or obstetrics department, and then, we further summarize and demonstrate our maternal health care management strategies including antenatal care planning, patient triage based on the risk level, admission control, and measures counteracting emergencies and newly discovered high‐risk cases at in‐patient department. In the meantime, we will explain the alterations we have done throughout different stages of the epidemic and also review relative articles in both Chinese and English to compare our strategies with those of other areas. Although tens of COVID‐19 cases were confirmed in our hospital, no nosocomial infection has occurred and none of the pregnant women registered in our hospital was reported to be infected.
Highlights
Demonstration of three cases of pregnant women who developed a fever during hospitalization.
Background
Accurate glioma grading plays an important role in the clinical management of patients and is also the basis of molecular stratification nowadays.
Purpose/Hypothesis
To verify the ...superiority of radiomics features extracted from multiparametric MRI to glioma grading and evaluate the grading potential of different MRI sequences or parametric maps.
Study Type
Retrospective; radiomics.
Population
A total of 153 patients including 42, 33, and 78 patients with Grades II, III, and IV gliomas, respectively.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0T MRI/T1‐weighted images before and after contrast‐enhanced, T2‐weighted, multi‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted and 3D arterial spin labeling images.
Assessment
After multiparametric MRI preprocessing, high‐throughput features were derived from patients' volumes of interests (VOIs). The support vector machine‐based recursive feature elimination was adopted to find the optimal features for low‐grade glioma (LGG) vs. high‐grade glioma (HGG), and Grade III vs. IV glioma classification tasks. Then support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were established using the optimal features. The accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the grading efficiency.
Statistical Tests
Student's t‐test or a chi‐square test were applied on different clinical characteristics to confirm whether intergroup significant differences exist.
Results
Patients' ages between LGG and HGG groups were significantly different (P < 0.01). For each patient, 420 texture and 90 histogram parameters were derived from 10 VOIs of multiparametric MRI. SVM models were established using 30 and 28 optimal features for classifying LGGs from HGGs and grades III from IV, respectively. The accuracies/AUCs were 96.8%/0.987 for classifying LGGs from HGGs, and 98.1%/0.992 for classifying grades III from IV, which were more promising than using histogram parameters or using the single sequence MRI.
Data Conclusion
Texture features were more effective for noninvasively grading gliomas than histogram parameters. The combined application of multiparametric MRI provided a higher grading efficiency. The proposed radiomic strategy could facilitate clinical decision‐making for patients with varied glioma grades.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1518–1528
The insect gut microbiota has been shown to contribute to the host's digestion, detoxification, development, pathogen resistance, and physiology. However, there is poor information about the ranking ...of these roles. Most of these results were obtained with cultivable bacteria, whereas the bacterial physiology may be different between free-living and midgut-colonizing bacteria. In this study, we provided both proteomic and genomic evidence on the ranking of the roles of gut bacteria by investigating the anal droplets from a weevil, Cryptorhynchus lapathi.
The gut lumen and the anal droplets showed qualitatively and quantitatively different subsets of bacterial communities. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the gut lumen is dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the anal droplets are dominated by Proteobacteria. From the anal droplets, enzymes involved in 31 basic roles that belong to 7 super roles were identified by Q-TOF MS. The cooperation between the weevil and its gut bacteria was determined by reconstructing community pathway maps, which are defined in this study. A score was used to rank the gut bacterial roles. The results from the proteomic data indicate that the most dominant role of gut bacteria is amino acid biosynthesis, followed by protein digestion, energy metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, lipid digestion, plant secondary metabolite (PSM) degradation, and carbohydrate digestion, while the order from the genomic data is amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin biosynthesis, lipid digestion, energy metabolism, protein digestion, PSM degradation, and carbohydrate digestion. The PCA results showed that the gut bacteria form functional groups from the point of view of either the basic role or super role, and the MFA results showed that there are functional variations among gut bacteria. In addition, the variations between the proteomic and genomic data, analyzed with the HMFA method from the point of view of either the bacterial community or individual bacterial species, are presented.
The most dominant role of gut bacteria is essential nutrient provisioning, followed by digestion and detoxification. The weevil plays a pioneering role in diet digestion and mainly digests macromolecules into smaller molecules which are then mainly digested by gut bacteria.
Dynamic electric field frequency actuated helical and spiral structures enable a plethora of attributes for advanced photonics and engineering in the contemporary era. Nevertheless, leveraging the ...frequency responsiveness of adaptive devices and systems within a broad dynamic range and maintaining restrained high-frequency induced heating remain challenging. Herein, we establish a frequency-actuated heliconical soft architecture that is quite distinct from that of common frequency-responsive soft materials. We achieve reversible modulation of the photonic bandgap in a wide spectral range by delicately coupling the frequency-dependent thermal effect, field-induced dielectric torque and elastic equilibrium. Furthermore, an information encoder prototype without the aid of complicated algorithm design is established to analogize an information encoding and decoding process with a more convenient and less costly way. A technique for taming and tailoring the distribution of the pitch length is exploited and embodied in a prototype of a spatially controlled soft photonic cavity and laser emission. This work demonstrates a distinct frequency responsiveness in a heliconical soft system, which may not merely inspire the interest in field-assisted bottom-up molecular engineering of soft matter but also facilitate the practicality of adaptive photonics.
Transition‐metal catalyzed coupling to form C−N bonds is significant in chemical science. However, the inert nature of N2 and CO2 renders their coupling quite challenging. Herein, we report the ...activation of dinitrogen in the mild plasma atmosphere by the gas‐phase monometallic YB1–4− anions and further coupling of CO2 to form C−N bonds by using mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation. The observed product anions are NCNBO− and N(BO)2−, accompanied by the formation of neutral products YO and YB0–2NC, respectively. We can tune the reactivity and the type of products by manipulating the number of B atoms. The B atoms in YB1–4N2− act as electron donors in CO2 reduction reactions, and the carbon atom originating from CO2 serves as an electron reservoir. This is the first example of gas‐phase monometallic anions, which are capable to realize the functionalization of N2 with CO2 through C−N bond formation and N−N and C−O bond cleavage.
The monometallic YB1–4− anions mediated C−N coupling reactions with inert N2 and CO2 under plasma conditions have been reported. Anionic products NCNBO− and N(BO)2− were generated, accompanied by the production of neutral products of YO and YB0–2NC. This strategy may provide a new approach to realize the N2 and CO2 coupling reactions at room temperature.
•Simultaneous ammonia and nitrate removal was achieved in one airlift reactor.•DNRA and sulfate reduction were inhibited by intermittent aeration treatment.•Denitrification rate was improved by ...aeration compared with anoxic condition.•Heterotrophic nitrification was considered a potential ammonia metabolic pathway.
In this study, an airlift inner-loop sequencing batch reactor using poly(butylene succinate) as the biofilm carrier and carbon source was operated under an alternant aerobic/anoxic strategy for nitrogen removal in recirculating aquaculture system. The average TAN and nitrate removal rates of 47.35±15.62gNH4–Nm−3d−1 and 0.64±0.14kgNO3–Nm−3d−1 were achieved with no obvious nitrite accumulation (0.70±0.76mg/L) and the dissolved organic carbon in effluents was maintained at 148.38±39.06mg/L. Besides, the activities of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and sulfate reduction activities were successfully inhibited. The proteome KEGG analysis illustrated that ammonia might be removed through heterotrophic nitrification, while the activities of nitrate and nitrite reductases were enhanced through aeration treatment. The microbial community analysis revealed that denitrifiers of Azoarcus and Simplicispira occupied the dominate abundance which accounted for the high nitrate removal performance. Overall, this study broadened our understanding of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification using biodegradable material as biofilm carrier.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer‐initiating cells that are not only a source of tumorigenesis but also the cause of tumour progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. EBV‐associated gastric ...cancer (EBVaGC) is a distinct subtype of gastric cancer with unique clinicopathological and molecular features. However, whether CSCs exist in EBVaGC, and the tumorigenic mechanism of EBV, remains unclear. Here, NOD/SCID mice were injected subcutaneously with the EBVaGC cell line SNU719 and treated with 5‐fluorouracil weekly. Successive generations of xenografts yielded a highly malignant EBVaGC cell line, SNU‐4th, which displays properties of CSCs and mainly consists of CD44+CD24− cells. In SNU‐4th cells, an EBV‐encoded circRNA, ebv‐circLMP2A, expression increased and plays crucial roles in inducing and maintaining stemness phenotypes through targeting miR‐3908/TRIM59/p53 axis. Additionally, high expression of ebv‐circLMP2A is significantly associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with EBVaGC. These findings not only provide evidence for the existence of CSCs in EBVaGC and elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of ebv‐circLMP2A in EBVaGC, but also provide a promising therapeutic target for EBVaGC.
Synopsis
The circRNA LMP2A produced by the Epstein‐Barr virus induces stemness of EBV‐associated gastric cancer cells by attenuating the tumor suppressive effect of the miR‐3908/TRIM59/p53 axis, thereby promoting metastasis and tumor progression.
Cells with properties of cancer stem cells were isolated form EBV‐associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC).
The levels of an EBV‐encoded circRNA (ebv‐circLMP2A) are significantly increased in EBVaGC.
ebv‐circLMP2A has crucial roles in inducing and maintaining cancer stemness in EBVaGC.
High expression of ebv‐circLMP2A is significantly associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in EBVaGC patients.
The circRNA LMP2A produced by the Epstein‐Barr virus induces stemness of EBV‐associated gastric cancer cells by attenuating the tumor suppressive effect of the miR‐3908/TRIM59/p53 axis, thereby promoting metastasis and tumor progression.
A highly stereoselective organocatalytic 1,6-conjugate addition of 3-substituted oxindoles to para-quinone methides to construct all-carbon quaternary stereocenters is described. In the presence of ...10 mol % of a bifunctional squaramide organocatalyst, this 1,6-addition reaction occurs with excellent yields, diastereoselectivities and very good enantioselectivities, providing an efficient approach to a series of oxindole derivatives containing the diarylmethine motif attached to an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center.
This study investigated methane productions and the microbial communities in the batch anaerobic digestion process with the mono-digestion of corn stalk (CS) and pig manure (PM), and the co-digestion ...of them. Co-digestion showed the best methane performance, the cumulative methane yield, 256.57 mL·gVS−1; methane production potential, 281.55 mL·gVS−1; maximum methane production rate, 10.17 mL·d−1·gVS−1; and lag phase, 4.24 d. Moreover, co-digestion achieved a more suitable microenvironment including pH, FA and FVFA compared to mono-digestions. Results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that in co-digestion the dynamic changes of relative abundances of phyla and predominant genera were very small and community structure presented a stable status. Acetoclastic pathway was the main biochemical pathway of methanogenesis in co-digestion and mono-digestion of PM, and the growth rate of Methanosaeta in co-digestion was higher. So suitable microenvironment in co-digestion resulted in high growth rate of methanogens and stable microbial community, and leaded to the high methane production.
•Co-digestion and mono-digestion with corn stalk and pig manure.•Kinetic analysis by Gompertz equation was used to prove that co-digestion had higher efficiency than mono-digestion.•Co-digestion contributed to achieving a suitable microenvironment including pH, FA and FVFA compared to mono-digestions.•The microbial community structure in co-digestion presented more stable status by high-throughput sequencing analysis.
As urbanization continues to accelerate, the number of cities and their growing populations have created problems, such as the congestion and noise related to transportation, the pollution from ...industry, and the difficulty of disposing of garbage. An emerging urban strategy is to make use of digital technologies and big data to help improve the quality of life of urban residents. In the past decade, more and more researchers have studied smart cities, and the number of literature in this field grows rapidly, making it “big data”. With the aim of better understanding the contexts of smart-city research, including the distribution of topics, knowledge bases, and the research frontiers in the field, this paper is based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, and the method used is that of comprehensive scientometric analysis and knowledge mapping in terms of diversity, time slicing, and dynamics, using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to study the literature in the field. The main research topics can be divided into three areas—“the concepts and elements of the smart city”, “the smart city and the Internet of Things”, and “the smart city of the future”—through document co-citation analysis. There are four key directions—“research objectives and development-strategy research”, “technical-support research”, “data-processing and applied research”, and “management and applied research”—analyzed using keywords co-occurrence. Finally, the research frontiers are urban-development, sustainable cities, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, integration, undertaken through keyword co-occurrence analysis.
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