Predictions of high-energy hadron activation of liquid argon in the calorimeter of
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(ATLAS) were carried out by folding particle flux spectra with the radionuclide ...production cross sections. Calculations were performed with a wide array of input data. Six sets of cross sections were folded with two sets of particle flux spectra, and the results were compared. The particle fluxes were obtained from simulations with the Monte Carlo radiation transport codes FLUKA and GCALOR. The cross-section sets were calculated according to the Rudstam and the Silberberg-Tsao formulas; taken from the Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (JENDL) and the Medium Energy Nuclear Data Library (MENDL); obtained from the Large Hadron Collider air activation studies; and compiled from various, predominantly experimental, sources.
Calculations of induced radioactivity in the ATLAS detector were performed in order to define its radioactive waste zoning. Two independent studies were carried out. The first was based on folding ...particle flux spectra obtained from the GCALOR code with the radionuclide production cross-sections. The second study was based on extensive calculations with the FLUKA code. This paper describes the two studies in detail; it presents the calculation methods and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. A comparison of their predictions is given. Finally, the paper discusses the designation of the ATLAS radioactive waste zoning on the basis of the combined knowledge gained from both studies.
We are reporting about a scintillating fibre tracking detector which is proposed for the precise determination of the absolute luminosity of the CERN LHC at interaction point 1 where the ATLAS ...experiment is located. The detector needs to track protons elastically scattered under
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angles in direct vicinity to the LHC beam. It is based on square shaped scintillating plastic fibres read out by multi-anode photomultiplier tubes and is housed in Roman Pots. We describe the design and construction of prototype detectors and the results of a beam test experiment at DESY. The excellent detector performance established in this test validates the detector design and supports the feasibility of the proposed challenging method of luminosity measurement.
A measurement of the W mass and width has been performed by the DELPHI Collaboration using the data collected during 1998. The data sample has an integrated luminosity of 155 pb-1 and an average ...centre-of-mass energy of 188.6 GeV. Results are obtained by applying the method of direct reconstruction of the mass of the W from its decay products in both the W+W- → lvlqq′ and W+W- → qq′qq′ channels. The W mass result for the 1998 data set is MW = 80.387 ± 0.087(stat) ± 0.034(syst) ± 0.017(LEP) ± 0.035(FSI) GeV/c2, where FSI represents the uncertainty due to final state interaction effects in the qq′qq′ channel, and LEP represents that arising from the knowledge of the beam energy of the accelerator. Combining this result with those previously published by the DELPHI Collaboration gives the result MW = 80.359 ± 0.074(stat) ± 0.032(syst) ± 0.017(LEP) ± 0.033(FSI) GeV/c2. The combined value for the W width is λW = 2.266 ± 0.176(stat)± 0.056(syst)± 0.052(FSI) GeV/c2.
Little is known about officer perceptions of body-worn cameras (BWCs), and whether perceptions change following implementation within their agencies. BWC deployment varies, with some agencies ...mandating officers to wear BWCs and others using volunteers. Researchers have yet to assess attitudinal differences between volunteers and mandated officers. This study addresses these gaps using data from an evaluation of BWCs in the Phoenix Police Department to examine officer perceptions of the utility of BWCs, perceptions of organizational justice, and support for using procedural justice. We use inverse propensity weighted difference-in-difference models to examine changes in officer perceptions over time between randomly selected officers who were mandated to wear a BWC, BWC volunteers, officers who resisted BWCs, and control officers. We identified limited significant differences in perceptions of BWCs over time, though effect sizes suggest that BWC volunteers and mandated officers were more subdued in their expectations about BWCs at the posttest.
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