This manuscript describes the optimization of the front-end readout electronics for high granularity hybrid pixel detectors. The theoretical study aims at minimizing the noise and jitter. The model ...presented here is validated with both circuit post layout simulations and measurements on the Timepix4 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The analog front-end circuit and the procedure to optimize the dimensions of the main transistors are described with detail.
The Timepix4 is the most recent ASIC designed in the framework of the Medipix4 Collaboration. It was manufactured in 65nm CMOS process, and consists of a four side buttable matrix of 448 × 512 pixels with 55µm pitch. The analog front-end has a gain of ∼36mV/ke- when configured in High Gain Mode, and ∼20mV/ke- when configured in Low Gain Mode. The Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) is ∼68e-rms and ∼80e-rms in High Gain Mode and in Low Gain Mode respectively. In event driven mode the incoming hits can be time stamped within a ∼ 200ps time bin and the chip can deal with a maximum flux of ∼ 3.6MHzmm−2s−1. In photon counting mode, the chip can deal with up to ∼ 5GHzmm−2s−1.
The routine designed to optimize the Timepix4 front-end is then used to analyze the performance limits in terms of jitter and noise for Charge Sensitive Amplifiers in pixel detectors.
Performance of a GridPix detector based on the Timepix3 chip Ligtenberg, C.; Heijhoff, K.; Bilevych, Y. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/2018, Letnik:
908
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A GridPix readout for a TPC based on the Timepix3 chip is developed for future applications at a linear collider. The GridPix detector consists of a gaseous drift volume read out by a single Timepix3 ...chip with an integrated amplification grid. Its performance is studied in a test beam with 2.5 GeV electrons. The GridPix detector detects single ionization electrons with high efficiency. The Timepix3 chip allowed for high sample rates and time walk corrections. Diffusion is found to be the dominating error on the track position measurement both in the pixel plane and in the drift direction, and systematic distortions in the pixel plane are below 10 μm. Using a truncated sum, an energy loss (dE/dx) resolution of 4.1% is found for an effective track length of 1 m.
New results from GridPix Detectors Bilevych, Y; Desch, K; Fransen, J-P ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
04/2020, Letnik:
1498, Številka:
1
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GridPix structures combine the high resolution of a pixel readout chip with a Micromegas as gas amplification stage. This detector has shown excellent performance before with the Timepix ASIC, but ...has been improved by using the successor ASIC, the Timepix3. This new version of the GridPix detectors has been used in test beams at the ELSA accelerator at Bonn, where 2.5 GeV electrons are available for tracking studies. It could be demonstrated that the spatial resolution in both transverse and longitudinal direction follows the diffusion function. Structures made of four GridPixes have been designed and constructed to cover larger areas. Also these devices called quads have been successfully tested with the electron beam giving similarly good results as the single GridPix detector.
On the properties of a negative-ion TPC prototype with GridPix readout Ligtenberg, C.; van Beuzekom, M.; Bilevych, Y. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2021, Letnik:
1014
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The performance of a GridPix detector to read out a negative ion TPC was studied using a module with four GridPix chips that are based on the Timepix3 pixelated readout ASIC. The quad module ...dimensions are 39.6mm×28.38mm, and the maximum drift distance is 40mm. The TPC is operated using a 93.6/5.0/1.4 gas mixture (by volume) of Ar/iC4H10/CS2 with a small amount of oxygen and water vapour at a pressure of 1030mbar and a temperature of 297K. Tracks were produced by a pulsed N2 laser. The GridPix chips are sensitive to single drift ions, and allow for the determination of the drift distance using the velocities of the different ion species. The 1.56ns time resolution of the Timepix3 chips allows for a precise determination of the drift properties in the longitudinal direction. The measured mobility of majority ion charge carriers is (1.391±0003) cm2/V/s. Using the high granularity pixel readout, the transverse and longitudinal diffusion coefficients were measured to correspond to an effective thermal diffusion temperature of 314 K and 384 K respectively. For 429 detected ions, the precision on the absolute drift distance is expected to be 1.33mm for a mean drift distance of 20mm.
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