•An STR panel designed for dog identification can be used for prediction of breed.•Only 13 STRs were required to differentiate most of the 23 tested dog breeds.•Correct breed assignments between 87% ...and 97.5% were achieved.•The association of canine STRs with the extreme selection in dogs is discussed.
We tested a panel of 13 highly polymorphic canine short tandem repeat (STR) markers for dog breed assignment using 392 dog samples from the 23 most popular breeds in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. This STR panel had originally been selected for canine identification. The dog breeds sampled in this study featured a population frequency ≥1% and accounted for nearly 57% of the entire pedigree dog population in these three countries. Breed selection was based on a survey comprising records for nearly 1.9 million purebred dogs belonging to more than 500 different breeds. To derive breed membership from STR genotypes, a range of algorithms were used. These methods included discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), STRUCTURE, GeneClass2, and the adegenet package for R.
STRUCTURE analyses suggested 21 distinct genetic clusters. Differentiation between most breeds was clearly discernable. Fourteen of 23 breeds (61%) exhibited maximum mean cluster membership proportions of more than 0.70 with a highest value of 0.90 found for Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Dogs of only 6 breeds (26%) failed to consistently show only one major cluster. The DAPC method yielded the best assignment results in all 23 declared breeds with 97.5% assignment success. The frequency-based assignment test also provided a high success rate of 87%. These results indicate the potential viability of dog breed prediction using a well-established and sensitive set of 13 canine STR markers intended for forensic routine use.
LiMnPO4 crystals with orthorhombic Pnma crystal structure containing large grains have been grown successfully for the first time by the traveling-solvent floating-zone technique under elevated argon ...pressure. The grains achieve sizes of about 3 mm2X10 mm and display an orange transparent color. During the growth process, the traveling zone is continuously enriched with PO4- and Li-ions, due to the self-adjustment of the liquid zone, which hinders grain selection and leads to constitutional supercooling with the formation of a secondary phase in a later stage of the process. Magnetic measurements performed on oriented cuboids reveal antiferromagnetic ordering of the Mn2+-ions below TNapprox 34 K. The c-axis is the easy magnetic axis.
LiMnPO
4 crystals with orthorhombic Pnma crystal structure containing large grains have been grown successfully for the first time by the traveling-solvent floating-zone technique under elevated ...argon pressure. The grains achieve sizes of about 3
mm
2×10
mm and display an orange transparent color. During the growth process, the traveling zone is continuously enriched with PO
4- and Li-ions, due to the self-adjustment of the liquid zone, which hinders grain selection and leads to constitutional supercooling with the formation of a secondary phase in a later stage of the process. Magnetic measurements performed on oriented cuboids reveal antiferromagnetic ordering of the Mn
2+-ions below
T
N≈34
K. The
c-axis is the easy magnetic axis.
