Mi investigación, volcada sobre la escritura conventual neogranadina, en general, en este caso aborda la vida de sor María Gertrudis Theresa de Santa Inés, religiosa profesa durante fines del siglo ...XVII y principios del XVIII en el convento dominico de Santa Inés de Montepulciano, en Santafé de Bogotá. Su director espiritual, el Maestro Pedro Andrés Calvo de la Riba, narró su vida, atribuyéndole fama de santa en razón de sus sufrimientos y prodigios, durante y después de su parábola vital. El sacerdote se basó en el testimonio de su interacción directa, testimonios de otras personas y escritos que la monja realizó durante el tiempo en que fue su director de conciencia. En este artículo analizo el complejo tejido que conforma la singular relación entre esta religiosa y su maestro, explorando los diferentes hilos y tonos que la conforman.
PGAM5 is a mitochondrial protein phosphatase whose genetic ablation in mice results in mitochondria-related disorders, including neurodegeneration. Functions of PGAM5 include regulation of mitophagy, ...cell death, metabolism and aging. However, mechanisms regulating PGAM5 activation and signaling are poorly understood. Using electron cryo-microscopy, we show that PGAM5 forms dodecamers in solution. We also present a crystal structure of PGAM5 that reveals the determinants of dodecamer formation. Furthermore, we observe PGAM5 dodecamer assembly into filaments both in vitro and in cells. We find that PGAM5 oligomerization into a dodecamer is not only essential for catalytic activation, but this form also plays a structural role on mitochondrial membranes, which is independent of phosphatase activity. Together, these findings suggest that modulation of the oligomerization of PGAM5 may be a regulatory switch of potential therapeutic interest.
is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in the USA and of preventable blindness worldwide. This obligate intracellular pathogen replicates within a membrane-bound inclusion, ...but how it acquires nutrients from the host while avoiding detection by the innate immune system is incompletely understood.
accomplishes this in part through the translocation of a unique set of effectors into the inclusion membrane, the
lusion membrane proteins (Incs). Incs are ideally positioned at the host-pathogen interface to reprogram host signaling by redirecting proteins or organelles to the inclusion. Using a combination of co-affinity purification, immunofluorescence confocal imaging, and proteomics, we characterize the interaction between an early-expressed Inc of unknown function, Tri1, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7). TRAF7 is a multi-domain protein with a RING finger ubiquitin ligase domain and a C-terminal WD40 domain. TRAF7 regulates several innate immune signaling pathways associated with
infection and is mutated in a subset of tumors. We demonstrate that Tri1 and TRAF7 specifically interact during infection and that TRAF7 is recruited to the inclusion. We further show that the predicted coiled-coil domain of Tri1 is necessary to interact with the TRAF7 WD40 domain. Finally, we demonstrate that Tri1 displaces the native TRAF7 binding partners, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MEKK2), and MEKK3. Together, our results suggest that by displacing TRAF7 native binding partners, Tri1 has the capacity to alter TRAF7 signaling during
infection.IMPORTANCE
is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in the USA and preventable blindness worldwide. Although easily treated with antibiotics, the vast majority of infections are asymptomatic and therefore go untreated, leading to infertility and blindness. This obligate intracellular pathogen evades the immune response, which contributes to these outcomes. Here, we characterize the interaction between a
-secreted effector, Tri1, and a host protein involved in innate immune signaling, TRAF7. We identified host proteins that bind to TRAF7 and demonstrated that Tri1 can displace these proteins upon binding to TRAF7. Remarkably, the region of TRAF7 to which these host proteins bind is often mutated in a subset of human tumors. Our work suggests a mechanism by which Tri1 may alter TRAF7 signaling and has implications not only in the pathogenesis of
infections but also in understanding the role of TRAF7 in cancer.
Entre las historielas que ha popularizado el relato colonial de El Carnero, de Juan Rodriguez Freyle, las protagonizadas por mujeres son de especial interés porque evidencian la heterogeneidad del ...universo femenino y demuestran el importante lugar que ocupan en la sociedad colonial neogranadina en medio de su proceso de hibridez cultural. En vez de confirmar el prejuicio misógino de origen hispano-católico sobre la mujer en la época, advertir su condición sometida a un régimen masculino, este artículo busca demostrar córno lo femenino le permite al autor de El Carnero allanar el espacio de lo privado e íntimo y visibilizar la complejidad del proceso colonizador en una sociedad heterogénea que encontraba maneras de subvertir el orden impuesto. Se analizan en particular tres tipos de mujeres con diferencias étnicas y sociales que revelan en sus historias que incluso en un contexto adverso se presentan rasgos de subjetividad femenina que dejan ver aspectos sociales y culturales de la compleja configuratión social de la Nueva Granada.
Wrought austenitic stainless steels are widely used in high temperature applications. This short review discusses initially the processing of this class of steels, with emphasis on solidification and ...hot working behavior. Following, a brief summary is made on the precipitation behavior and the numerous phases that may appear in their microstructures. Creep and oxidation resistance are, then, briefly discussed, and finalizing their performance is compared with other high temperature metallic materials.
From a Latin-American perspective, even in a context where the rule of law has been under attack or has been very weak, the role of human rights NGOs has been and is very relevant in terms of ...documenting human rights violations, and seeking and bringing justice for the victims of those violations, as well as acting as a guardian angel to the Inter-American human rights system. The role of NGOs within the Inter-American human rights system has to be understood taking into account the specific political and the legal-normative context on the continent. Indeed, the role played by human rights NGOs in the Americas has responded/responds to the political reality of repressive regimes and present-day fragile democracies struggling to uphold human rights and rule of law standards. Furthermore, the legal-normative context, i.e. the American Convention on Human Rights and the interpretation given by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights to its provisions, has also given and gives NGOs ample space to interact through different methods and strategies in a less active to a very active manner with the human rights monitoring bodies from 1959 on.
Luces y sombras en América Herrera, Clara
Guaraguao (Barcelona, Spain),
01/2023, Letnik:
27, Številka:
72
Journal Article
En Francia se dedica al comercio; su socio y protector, el cortesano florentino Mateo Delbene, lo anima a escribir las memorias de sus correrías. En 1995 se edita en español como Viaje y descripción ...de las Indias 1539-1553, por la Biblioteca Nacional de Venezuela y la Fundación Banco Venezolano de Crédito, a cargo de José Rafael Lovera, profesor en la Escuela de Historia de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, quien sostiene que, para 1569, estaría «redactada la relación, un escrito personal, no público, dedicado y dirigido a su amigo y protector y a su círculo íntimo» (p. 233). Las alusiones de Cey al «Infierno» de Dante son explícitas: al final de su viaje, en Santa Marta, llega a un embarcadero que describe como el «propio infierno» (p. 222) y luego a un río, cuyas aguas de color ceniza, siempre turbias y azufradas, le dan la impresión de haber llegado al infierno dantesco: «Dichas aguas son de mal olor, con cierta espuma, así que me pareció propiamente entrar en la laguna de Estigia, con todos esos indios desnudos, pintados, remando de pie, medio cabezudos que parecían diablos, y nosotros las almas que llevasen al tormento» (p. 223). Este sacerdote narra que el cacique Hatuey, al ser instruido de que si creía en la fe cristiana se iría al cielo, dijo que «no quería él ir allá, sino al infierno, por no estar donde estuviesen y por no ver tan cruel gente» («De la isla de Cuba»).
¿Quién no ve que la más propia y suprema obligación de un Padre es educar bien a los hijos que ha engendrado, a quienes después de Dios les ha dado el ser natural que tienen, y que han de llevar su ...nombre a la posteridad? ... porque como esos mismos niños algún día han de ser hombres, y colocados en los Empleos y Órdenes de la República, lograría la Patria tener unos Magistrados llenos de rectitud y desinterés, unos Sacerdotes edificativos y celosos, ... unas Esposas honestas y recatadas, unas Viudas ejemplares y recogidas... Es evidente que el Papel Periódico de Santa Fé de Bogotá, además de ser un documento adecuado para entender las dinámicas de las reformas borbónicas programadas para las provincias del reino hacia el final del periodo colonial y las medidas tomadas contra la aparición de las ideas independentistas, constituye una fuente idónea para aproximarse a aspectos de la vida cotidiana en general y del estatus de la mujer en particular, contemplados en la nueva idea de patria y nación promovida por Rodríguez. Como vimos, sin embargo, en esa idea de patria, que sin perder su especificidad y su coherencia se integraba de manera inequívoca con los dominios de la realeza española, las mujeres seguían siendo un problema para la sociedad, pues solas y sin encajar en el estatus de hijas, casadas o viudas ricas, es decir, bajo la tutela del marido o del padre, aparecían con pocas probabilidades de realizar su potencial práctico de utilidad al estado, de felicidad y bienestar material. * La Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango y la Red de Bibliotecas del Banco de la República tiene una de las principales colecciones de publicaciones seriadas del país. Para una ampliación sobre el tema de la educación de la mujer en la Nueva Granada véase mi artículo «Convent Education in Nueva Granada: White and Black, or Tonalities of Gray?», en Women's Literacy in Early Modern Spain and the New World, editado en 2011 por Anne Cruz y Rosilie Hernández. 8. Bibliografía Herrera, Clara E. «Convent Education in Nueva Granada: White and Black, or Tonalities of Gray?» Women's Literacy in Early Modern Spain and the New World.
Danger and Fear in Prison Herrera, Clara Burbano; Viljoen, Frans
Netherlands quarterly of human rights,
06/2015, Letnik:
33, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article focuses on the role the African and Inter-American human rights systems in protecting the rights of detainees through interim measures. The need for regional human rights to complement ...protection at the national level is all the more pronounced when it comes to detainees, because they often lack democratic leverage at the national level. While complementing the universal system, regional systems have the added benefit of closer connection and binding judgments. Because the situation of detainees often requires urgent intervention, interim measures are required to ensure that detainees do not suffer undue harm. A comparative survey of interim measures in the two regional systems reveals that, while these measures had been issued in both systems, the Inter-American has used them much more frequently. One of the reasons for this difference is the fact that the Inter-American system does not make the submission of a formal complaint a prerequisite for issuing interim measures. The African Commission should amend its Rules of Procedure to allow for a similar possibility; and it should devote more resources and institutionalize this procedure. Despite the inclusion of collective rights in the African system, the African Commission has infrequently dealt with urgent measures affecting groups of detainees. Both systems suffer from some defects. There is a lack of substantiated reasoning in decisions dealing with interim measures, especially when requests are rejected; information is not made available systematically about the fate of all requests for interim measures; and a lack of compliance besets both systems.
The central nervous system of adult mammals has long been considered as a complex static structure unable to undergo any regenerative process to refurbish its dead nodes. This dogma was challenged by ...Altman in the 1960s and neuron self-renewal has been demonstrated ever since in many species, including humans. Aging, neurodegenerative, and some mental diseases are associated with an exponential decrease in brain neurogenesis. Therefore, the controlled pharmacological stimulation of the endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) niches might counteract the neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other pathologies, opening an exciting new therapeutic avenue. In the last years, druggable molecular targets and signalling pathways involved in neurogenic processes have been identified, and as a consequence, different drug types have been developed and tested in neuronal plasticity. This review focuses on recent advances in neurogenic agents acting at serotonin and/or melatonin systems, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, sigma receptors, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2).
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