Abstract
In sheet metal forming, both the dimensional accuracy of the manufactured parts and the robustness of the forming process are significantly compromised by elastic springback effects. In ...contrast to traditional compensation methods mostly relying on modifications of the tool geometry, a part geometry-based approach reduces the amount of springback by appropriately manipulating the part stiffness through slight modifications of the part geometry. To date, part-geometric measures are mostly based on practical experience and trial-and-error processes resulting in a need for simple and effective simulation-based approaches. In the present work three novel simulation-based approaches for a suitable modification of structural component design are suggested relying on unconventional
topology optimization
, the so-called
line-of-force
method and
shape optimization
. First tests with a classical hat profile reveal that the optimized geometries, compared to the nominal one, lead to significant reductions of the springback after stamping and simultaneously to a notable decrease of the process variation when parameters of the forming process are varied slightly. For the adapted
topology optimization
approach the excellent results are also confirmed when applied to the industry-relevant case of a truck rear panel.
Despite many positive developments, postoperative pain and its treatment is still not always given the necessary attention. Severe pain after surgical procedures affects a significant proportion of ...patients. This very fact is not only detrimental to the immediate recovery process, but can also form the basis for the development of chronic pain conditions.An adequate and effective management of perioperative pain requires appropriate organizational structures. This multidisciplinary paper which was initiated by the Austrian Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and the Austrian Pain Society and developed together with numerous specialist and professional societies dealing with the subject aims at supporting the organization of perioperative pain management structures and to make best use of proven concepts. Additional recommendations describe specific interventions for selected types of intervention.
Zusammenfassung
Trotz aller positiven Entwicklungen wird postoperativen Schmerzen und ihrer Behandlung nach wie vor nicht immer die notwendige Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Starke Schmerzen nach ...chirurgischen Eingriffen betreffen einen erheblichen Anteil der Patienten. Diese Tatsache wirkt sich nicht nur auf den unmittelbaren Rekonvaleszenzprozess negativ aus, sondern kann auch die Grundlage für eine Schmerzchronifizierung bilden.
Ein adäquates und effektives Management perioperativer Schmerzen erfordert geeignete organisatorische Strukturen. Das vorliegende multidisziplinäre Positionspapier, das die Österreichische Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie, Reanimation und Intensivmedizin und die Österreichische Schmerzgesellschaft initiiert und gemeinsam mit zahlreichen mit der Thematik befassten Fachgesellschaften und Berufsverbänden entwickelt haben, soll dabei unterstützen, das perioperative Schmerzmanagement optimal zu gestalten und bewährte Konzepte zu nutzen. Ergänzende Empfehlungen beschreiben Besonderheiten der perioperativen Schmerztherapie bei ausgewählten Eingriffsarten.
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