The design of a general-purpose PreAmplifier-DIscriminator ASIC chip, PADI, is presented in this article. PADI is intended to be used as Front-End-Electronics (FEE) for reading out the timing ...Resistive-Plate Chambers (RPCs) in the time-of-flight (ToF) wall of the CBM detector for the future FAIR facility in Darmstadt-Germany, which will comprise about 100,000 channels in a 150 m 2 area. The evolution of this 0.18 μm CMOS technology design will be presented, from the first prototype PADI-1 to the last one, PADI-8, as well as its features and test results.
In-Beam Diamond Start Detectors Ciobanu, M.; Berdermann, E.; Herrmann, N. ...
IEEE transactions on nuclear science,
2011-Aug., 2011-08-00, 20110801, Letnik:
58, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper describes operation principles and the in-beam performance of Start Detector (SD) assemblies consisting of Diamond Detectors (DDs) grown by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) and Front End ...Electronics (FEE) which have been designed for and used in various nuclear physics experiments at GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt. In parallel to the FEE design we have performed extensive calculations to model the dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and the time resolution σ t on various quantities such as the collected charge Q col , the detector capacitance C D , the temperature T, and finally the noise contribution and bandwidth of the amplifier. In combination with the new FEEs (including an application-specific integrated circuit, ASIC) we have tested both polycrystalline and single-crystal diamonds of various sizes and thicknesses with relativisticion beams ranging from protons to heaviest ions. For heavy ions all setups deliver time resolutions σ t <; 60 ps. In case of protons the small primary detector signals require single crystals as material and more elaborated designs like segmentation of the detector area and the increase of the amplifier input impedance. The best time resolution obtained for relativistic pro tons was σ t = 117 ps.
Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study central collisions in the reactions (energies in A GeV are given in parentheses): 40Ca + 40Ca (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), 58Ni + 58Ni (0.15, ...0.25, 0.4), 96Ru + 96Ru (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 96Zr + 96Zr (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 129Xe + CsI (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), 197Au + 197Au (0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include cluster multiplicities, longitudinal and transverse rapidity distributions and stopping, and radial flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations.
A Multi-strip Multi-gap RPC Barrel for Time-of-Flight Measurements Kiš, M.; Ciobanu, M.; Deppner, I. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2011, Letnik:
646, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The FOPI detector
1 at the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS-18 at GSI in Darmstadt has upgraded part of its time-of-flight (ToF) system by adding a new sub-detector shell (called the MMRPC Barrel) that is ...made out of Multi-strip Multi-gap Resistive-Plate Counters (MMRPCs). The MMRPC Barrel has an active area of 5
m
2 covered by 2400 individual anode strips
2,3 which are read out at both ends by custom-designed electronics
4,5. With these multi-strip anodes we have obtained an enhanced detector granularity with 95% efficiency and a ToF resolution
σ
ToF
better than 90
ps which increases the identification limit for charged kaons up to laboratory momenta of at least 1
GeV/
c. In this paper we report on the design, construction and operational characteristics of the MMRPC Barrel and describe its performance during the first experiments.
Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study central and semi-central collisions in the reactions (energies in A GeV are given in parentheses): 40Ca+40Ca (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), ...58Ni+58Ni (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), 96Ru+96Ru (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 96Zr+96Zr (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 129Xe+CsI (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), 197Au+197Au (0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include directed and elliptic flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations. A stiff nuclear equation of state is found to be incompatible with the data. Evidence for extra-repulsion of neutrons in compressed asymmetric matter is found.
Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study pion emission in the reactions (energies in
A
GeV
are given in parentheses):
40Ca
+
40Ca (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93),
96Ru
+
96Ru (0.4, 1.0, ...1.5),
96Zr
+
96Zr (0.4, 1.0, 1.5),
197Au
+
197Au (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include longitudinal and transverse rapidity distributions and stopping, polar anisotropies, pion multiplicities, transverse momentum spectra, ratios
(
π
+
/
π
−
)
of average transverse momenta and of yields, directed flow, elliptic flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations.
The CBM time-of-flight wall Deppner, I.; Herrmann, N.; Gonzalez-Diaz, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
2012, 2012-1-00, Letnik:
661
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The key element providing hadron identification in the future Compressed Baryonic Matter spectrometer at FAIR is a time-of-flight wall placed at 10
m distance from the target. The most promising ...technological option for such a task consists on a 150
m
2 carpet based on Resistive Plate Chambers. Due to the fixed-target geometry, the conceptual design foresees two extreme regions: an outermost region (low rate/low multiplicity) covered by float glass RPCs in multi-strip fashion, and a central region (high rate/high multiplicity) consisting of densely packed read-out cells made with low resistive electrodes. The status of the ongoing R&D efforts in both regions is presented.
Four different combinations of 9644Ru and 9640Zr nuclei, both as projectile and target, were investigated at the same bombarding energy of 400A MeV using a 4pi detector. The degree of isospin mixing ...between projectile and target nucleons is mapped across a large portion of the phase space using two different isospin-tracer observables, the number of measured protons and the tritium to 3He yield ratio. The experimental results show that the global equilibrium is not reached even in the most central collisions. Quantitative measures of stopping and mixing are extracted from the data. They are found to exhibit a quite strong sensitivity to the in-medium ( n,n) cross section used in microscopic transport calculations.
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