Functional monomers in dentin adhesives are involved in wetting dental substrates, demineralization, and the formation of calcium salts. However, the interaction of these monomers with collagen is ...not understood at a molecular/atomic level. We performed saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy to investigate the binding interaction of 2 functional monomers, 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogenphosphate (MDP), with atelocollagen as a triple-helical peptide model. High STD intensities were detected on the protons in the aliphatic region in MDP, whereas they were not detected for 4-META. The STD results imply that MDP has a relatively stable interaction with the collagen, because of the hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic MDP moieties and the hydrophobic collagen surface. This finding indicates that MDP-collagen complexation accounts for stable dentin bonding.
This review aims to investigate the clinical effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in arresting dental caries among children. A systematic search of publications was conducted with the key ...words “silver diamine fluoride,” “silver diammine fluoride,” “silver fluoride,” “diamine silver fluoride,” or “diammine silver fluoride” as well as their translation in Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish in 7 databases: PubMed (English), Embase (English), Scopus (English), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (Chinese), Ichushi-web (Japanese), Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (Portuguese), and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud Espana (Spanish). Duplicated publications were deleted. The title and abstract were screened and irrelevant publications were excluded. The full text of the remaining publications was retrieved. Prospective clinical studies of SDF that reported a caries-arresting effect among children were included. Meta-analysis was performed for quantitative analysis. A total of 1,123 publications were found, including 19 publications of clinical trials. Sixteen clinical trials studied the caries-arresting effect on primary teeth, and 3 clinical trials were on permanent teeth. Fourteen studies used 38% SDF, 3 used 30% SDF, and 2 used 10% SDF. Meta-analysis was performed on extracted data from 8 studies using 38% SDF to arrest caries in primary teeth. The overall percentage of active caries that became arrested was 81% (95% confidence interval, 68% to 89%; P < 0.001). Apart from staining the arrested lesion black, no significant complication of SDF use among children was reported. SDF was commonly used at 38%. It was effective in arresting dentine caries in primary teeth among children.
Knowledge Transfer Statement: This systematic review found that 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can effectively arrest caries among children. SDF treatment is noninvasive and easily operated. It can be a promising strategy to manage dental caries in young children or those who have special needs.
The dental caries is developed as a result of an alternative course of mineral gain and loss. In order to distinguish between intrinsic Ca (tooth-derived mineral) and extrinsic Ca (solution-derived ...mineral) uptakes, a
Ca doped pH-cycling was performed using
Ca (a stable calcium isotope) remineralization solution.
The natural abundance of
Ca and
Ca is 96.9% and 2.1%, respectively. The remineralization solution was prepared using
Ca to contain 1.5mmol/L CaCl
(
Ca), 0.9mmol/L KH
PO
130mmol/L KCl, 20mmol/L HEPES at pH 7.0. The pH-cycling was conducted on bovine root dentin daily by demineralization (pH 5.0) for 2h, incubation in 0% (control) and 0.2% NaF (900ppm fluoride) for 2h and
Ca doped remineralization for 20h. After 14days pH-cycling, the specimens were sectioned longitudinally. On the sectioned surface, isotope imaging of
Ca and
Ca labeled mineral distribution was observed by a high mass-resolution stigmatic secondary ion 77 (Camera IMS 1270, Gennevilliers Cedex, France).
Uptake of
Ca was greater in intensity for the 0.2% fluoride group than the control, especially in the superficial lesions. The control group showed
Ca (intrinsic) distribution in the subsurface lesions and in the superficial lesions, meanwhile the fluoride group showed
Ca distribution limited in subsurface lesions. The total Ca (
Ca+
Ca) image revealed more homogeneously for the control than the fluoride group.
Since the fluoride-treated surface is more acid-resistant than intrinsic dentin, alternative minerals were dissolved from the intact intrinsic lesion in the demineralization cycle.
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•Intrinsic 40Ca (tooth-derived mineral) and extrinsic 44Ca (solution-derived mineral) are distinguished by 44Ca doped pH-cycling.•The isotope image of 40Ca and 44Ca distribution is ...revealed by a high mass-resolution stigmatic secondary ion mass spectrometry system.•The uptake of 44Ca (tooth-derived mineral) is great in intensity especially in the superficial lesions.•When fluoride is used, 40Ca (tooth-derived mineral) distribution is absent in the surface lesions.
The dental caries is developed as a result of an alternative course of mineral gain and loss. In order to distinguish between intrinsic Ca (tooth-derived mineral) and extrinsic Ca (solution-derived mineral) uptakes, a 44Ca doped pH-cycling was performed using 44Ca (a stable calcium isotope) remineralization solution.
The natural abundance of 40Ca and 44Ca is 96.9% and 2.1%, respectively. The remineralization solution was prepared using 44Ca to contain 1.5mmol/L CaCl2 (44Ca), 0.9mmol/L KH2PO4, 130mmol/L KCl, 20mmol/L HEPES at pH 7.0. The pH-cycling was conducted on bovine root dentin daily by demineralization (pH 5.0) for 2h, incubation in 0% (control) and 0.2% NaF (900ppm fluoride) for 2h and 44Ca doped remineralization for 20h. After 14days pH-cycling, the specimens were sectioned longitudinally. On the sectioned surface, isotope imaging of 40Ca and 44Ca labeled mineral distribution was observed by a high mass-resolution stigmatic secondary ion 77 (Camera IMS 1270, Gennevilliers Cedex, France).
Uptake of 44Ca was greater in intensity for the 0.2% fluoride group than the control, especially in the superficial lesions. The control group showed 40Ca (intrinsic) distribution in the subsurface lesions and in the superficial lesions, meanwhile the fluoride group showed 40Ca distribution limited in subsurface lesions. The total Ca (44Ca+40Ca) image revealed more homogeneously for the control than the fluoride group.
Since the fluoride-treated surface is more acid-resistant than intrinsic dentin, alternative minerals were dissolved from the intact intrinsic lesion in the demineralization cycle.
To investigate the effect of calcium-phosphate-based desensitizers, Teethmate AP paste (TMAP) and Teethmate Desensitizer (TMD) (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan), on the prevention of staining ...on acid-eroded enamel.
Forty polished enamel samples (4×4×1 mm) from bovine incisors were randomly divided into five groups (n=8). After immersion in 50 mL of 0.5% citric acid (pH 2.5) for 15 minutes to form acid-eroded surfaces, the surfaces were subjected to different treatments with TMAP, TMD, and NaF (0.21% means 950 ppm) for five minutes. Another eroded group was not treated with desensitizer. For the control group, the samples were not eroded or treated. All the samples were stored in artificial saliva (AS) at pH 7.2 for 24 hours at 37°C. The TMAP, TMD, or NaF was reapplied at eight and 16 hours during the 24 hours of storage time. The surface roughness (Sa) was evaluated following ISO 25178 for surface texture using confocal laser scanning microscopy (VK-X 150 series, Keyence, Osaka, Japan) before acid erosion, after acid erosion, and after 24 hours of incubation in AS. Afterward, the color difference was measured with a dental colorimeter (Shade Eye NCC, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) before and after staining with tea solution.
One-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed that acid erosion significantly increased Sa (
<0.001). TMAP- and TMD-treated groups exhibited lower Sa values than the NaF group and the no-desensitizer treatment group. The greatest staining was observed in the NaF group and the no-desensitizer group, while the TMAP and TMD groups significantly decreased the formation of stains.
Acid-eroded enamel increased surface roughness and tended to absorb more stains. However, the application of TMAP and TMD moderated the roughness and thus prevented the formation of extrinsic stains.
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-treatment by chlorhexidine on the microtensile bond strength (mTBS) of resin cements and nanoleakage at the ...resin–dentine interfaces. Methods Cylindrical composite blocks were luted to human dentine using resin cements (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE: ARC; Panavia F, Kuraray Medical Inc.: PF; RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE: UN) with/without pre-treatment by 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CAVITY CLEANSER, Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). CAVITY CLEANSER was applied on the acid etched dentine for 60 s in the ARC group, and on smear layer-covered dentine in the PF and UN groups. After storage in water for 24 h, the bonded teeth were sectioned into 1 mm thick slabs and further into 0.9 mm × 0.9 mm beams. After immersion in water or ammoniacal silver nitrate for 24 h, the beams were stressed to failure in tension. The fractured surfaces were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) using backscattered electron mode. The silver-stained slabs were used to examine nanoleakage within the bonded interface by FE-SEM. Results The resin cement and chlorhexidine treatment had significant effects ( p < 0.0001) on mTBS; while the storage media had no significant effect ( p = 0.435). The mTBS of ARC was significantly higher than the other cements. Chlorhexidine reduced mTBS and produced pronounced nanoleakage when PF and UC were luted to dentine. Conclusions Pre-treatment with chlorhexidine affected the integrity of dentine bonding with PF and UC, while there was no adverse effect on coupling of ARC.
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate chlorhexidine release from unfilled non-solvated methacrylate-based resins of increasing hydrophilicity and to examine relationships among ...Hoy's solubility parameters, water sorption, solubility and the rate of chlorhexidine release. Methods Resin discs were prepared from light-cured, experimental resin blends (R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5) containing 0.0, 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% chlorhexidine diacetate (CDA). Discs were immersed in distilled water at 37 °C, and mass changes were recorded at different periods. Spectral measurements were made to follow change in optical densities of storage solution to examine chlorhexidine release kinetics. After a 28-day period, water sorption, solubility, and the cumulative chlorhexidine release were obtained. Additionally, antibacterial study was performed by observing the presence of inhibition zone against Streptococcus mutans. Results The most hydrophilic resin (R5) exhibited the highest chlorhexidine release rate. The most hydrophobic resin (R1) exhibited the lowest rate. However, no inhibition zone was produced by any specimens stored in water for 2 weeks. The addition of CDA increased solubility significantly but had no effect on water sorption. Significant positive correlations were seen between water sorption and the cumulative chlorhexidine release. Significance Chlorhexidine release from resins may be related to water-induced swelling, which in turn is enhanced by the hydrophilicity of cured polymer matrix.
Abstract Objectives Caries progress might be controlled when collagen matrix could be preserved after demineralization. The aim of this pH cycling study was to investigate the effect of hesperidin, a ...citrus flavonoid antioxidant, on dentine collagen and remineralization in dentine lesion, and compared with that of chlorhexidine. Methods The pH cycling was employed on bovine root dentine by demineralization for 14 h, incubation in testing solutions (hesperidin or chlorhexidine) for 2 h and remineralization with bacteria-derived collagenase for 8 h, for 8 days. Calcium release was measured by means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and degraded collagen matrix by collagenase was investigated by assaying hydroxyproline. The lesion depth and mineral loss was evaluated by means of transverse microradiography. Results The effect of testing solutions had a significant difference on the results of chemical analyses ( p < 0.0115 for calcium release; p < 0.0008 for degradated collagen). The lesion depth and mineral loss were reduced in the lesions where were incubated with hesperidin and chlorhexidine. The remineralization in deep lesions was found when the matrix was incubated in hesperidin, whilst no mineral uptake in deep lesion when incubated in chlorhexidine. Conclusion Hesperidin preserved collagen and inhibited demineralization, and enhanced remineralization even under the fluoride-free condition.
Water entrapment occurs at resin-dentin interfaces of one-step self-etch adhesives. We hypothesized that by preventing water fluxes from dentin, any water entrapment would be attributed to incomplete ...removal of adhesive solvents. We tested this hypothesis by bonding to transparent carious dentin containing occluded dentinal tubules. An experimental single-bottle, one-step self-etch adhesive was applied to flat surfaces of caries-affected dentin surrounded by sound dentin, with or without pulpal pressure. Resin-dentin interfaces were examined with TEM after silver-impregnation. Although caries-affected dentin was highly porous, adhesive layers were devoid of silver deposits when tubules were occluded. Conversely, variable extents of water-treeing and water-droplets were identified from adhesive layers in bonded sound dentin. Water-treeing and water-droplet formation, being manifestations of evaporative and convective water fluxes, can be eliminated during bonding to occluded transparent carious dentin. However, the highly porous nature of this clinically relevant substrate after bonding may lead to potentially undesirable consequences.
Water is required to ionize acid resin monomers for demineralization of tooth substrates. We tested the null hypothesis that altering the water concentration in two-step self-etching primers has no ...effect on their aggressiveness and bonding efficacy to dentin. Five experimental self-etching primers were prepared with resin-water-ethanol volume ratios of 9-0-1, 8-1-1, 7-2-1, 5-4-1, and 3-6-1. They were applied to smear-layer-covered dentin, followed by a bonding resin and composite build-ups for microtensile bond testing and TEM examination of tracer penetration. Increasing water concentration from 0–60 vol% improved acidic monomer ionization that was manifested as increasing hybrid layer thickness. However, significantly higher bond strength was observed in the 7-2-1 group, with minimal nanoleakage in the corresponding hybrid layer. When self-etching primers are formulated, a balance must be achieved to provide sufficient water for adequate ionization of the acidic monomers, without lowering the resin concentration too much, to optimize their bonding efficacy to dentin.
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