Magnetic fields may play an important role in the star-formation process,
especially in the central regions of 'starburst' galaxies where
star formation is vigorous. But the field directions are very ...difficult to
determine in the dense molecular gas out of which the stars form, so it has
hitherto been impossible to test this hypothesis. Dust grains in interstellar
clouds tend to be magnetically aligned, and it is possible to determine the
alignment direction based on the polarization of optical light due to preferential
extinction along the long axes of the aligned grains. This
technique works, however, only for diffuse gas, not for the dense molecular
gas. Here we report observations of polarized thermal emission from the aligned
dust grains in the central region of M82, which directly traces
the magnetic field structure (as projected onto the plane of the sky). Organized
field lines are seen around the brightest star-forming regions, while in the
dusty halo the field lines form a giant magnetic bubble possibly blown out
by the galaxy's 'superwind'.
Abstract The nearby middle-aged Geminga pulsar has crossed the Galactic plane within the last ∼0.1 Myr. We present archival data from Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and from SCUBA and SCUBA-2 on ...the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope to assess whether any mid-infrared and submillimetre emission arises from interaction of the pulsar wind nebula with the interstellar medium. A candidate shell and bow shock are reported. Given the low pulsar velocity and local density, dust grains appear able to penetrate into the nebula. A compact source seen towards the pulsar is fitted with a dust spectrum. If confirmed as a real association at higher resolution, this could be a circum-pulsar disc of at least a few Earth-masses, in which future planets could form.
We present a control theory analysis of adolescents' attachment strategies in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). In Study 1, Q-sort prototypes for secure/anxious and deactivating/hyperactivating ...strategies were used to differentiate between Main and Goldwyn's AAI classifications. In Study 2, we examined how AAI strategies were associated with emotion regulation during mother-teen problem solving. 4 aspects of mother-teen problem solving (dysfunctional anger, support/validation, avoidance of problem solving, and maternal dominance) were used to predict teens' AAI strategies. Teens with secure strategies engaged in problem-solving discussions characterized by less dysfunctional anger and less avoidance of problem solving. In addition, attachment security showed a curvilinear relation with maternal dominance, indicating that secure teens maintained balanced assertiveness with their mothers. Teens with deactivating strategies engaged in problem-solving interactions characterized by higher levels of maternal dominance and dysfunctional anger. The contribution of attachment strategies to teens' autonomy and to transformations in mother-teen relationships is discussed.
We report the common characteristics of juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas revealed by proton MR spectroscopy.
Eight children with pilocytic astrocytomas were studied with proton MR spectroscopy. The ...selected sampling volume was approximately 4 cm3, obtained from solid tumor. To localize the sampling volume, we used point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and stimulated-echo acquisition mode (STEAM) techniques to acquire long- and short-TE spectra, respectively. Spectra from PRESS and STEAM sequences were processed using Lorentzian-to-Gaussian transformation and exponential apodization, respectively. For PRESS (2000/270) spectra, peaks of creatine, choline, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and lactate resonances were integrated; for STEAM (2000/20) spectra, we measured the amplitude of the peaks at 3.2, 2.0, 1.3 and 0.9 ppm.
An elevated lactate doublet was observed in the PRESS spectra. The choline/NAA ratio was 3.40. The amplitude ratios of the lipid pattern (0.9, 1.3 and 2.0 ppm) to choline were all below one.
Despite the benign histology of the tumor, which generally lacks necrosis, a lactate signal was detected in all eight patients studied. A dominant lipid pattern was not observed.
Effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to store carbon (C) depend in part on the amount of N retained in the system and its partitioning among ...plant and soil pools. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies at 48 sites across four continents that used enriched
15
N isotope tracers in order to synthesize information about total ecosystem N retention (i.e., total ecosystem
15
N recovery in plant and soil pools) across natural systems and N partitioning among ecosystem pools. The greatest recoveries of ecosystem
15
N tracer occurred in shrublands (mean, 89.5%) and wetlands (84.8%) followed by forests (74.9%) and grasslands (51.8%). In the short term (<1 week after
15
N tracer application), total ecosystem
15
N recovery was negatively correlated with fine-root and soil
15
N natural abundance, and organic soil C and N concentration but was positively correlated with mean annual temperature and mineral soil C:N. In the longer term (3-18 months after
15
N tracer application), total ecosystem
15
N retention was negatively correlated with foliar natural-abundance
15
N but was positively correlated with mineral soil C and N concentration and C : N, showing that plant and soil natural-abundance
15
N and soil C:N are good indicators of total ecosystem N retention. Foliar N concentration was not significantly related to ecosystem
15
N tracer recovery, suggesting that plant N status is not a good predictor of total ecosystem N retention. Because the largest ecosystem sinks for
15
N tracer were below ground in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, we conclude that growth enhancement and potential for increased C storage in aboveground biomass from atmospheric N deposition is likely to be modest in these ecosystems. Total ecosystem
15
N recovery decreased with N fertilization, with an apparent threshold fertilization rate of 46 kg N·ha
−1
·yr
−1
above which most ecosystems showed net losses of applied
15
N tracer in response to N fertilizer addition.
The olanzapine/fluoxetine combination has demonstrated effectiveness in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although this combination is being used by prescribers, this is the first study to ...examine long-term use. Long-term efficacy and safety were therefore investigated in a group of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with and without TRD.
560 patients who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MDD were enrolled in this 76-week, open-label study (Feb. 2000-July 2002). The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score was the primary efficacy measure. Safety was assessed via adverse events, vital signs, laboratory analytes, electrocardiography, and extrapyramidal symptom measures.
MADRS mean total scores decreased 7 points from baseline (31.6 N = 552) at 1/2 week of treatment, 11 points at 1 week of treatment, and 18 points at 8 weeks of treatment. This effect was maintained to endpoint with a mean decrease of 22 points at 76 weeks. Response and remission rates for the total sample were high (62% and 56%, respectively), and the relapse rate was low (15%). Response, remission, and relapse rates for TRD patients (N = 145) were 53%, 44%, and 25%, respectively. The most frequently reported adverse events were somnolence, weight gain, dry mouth, increased appetite, and headache. At endpoint, there were no clinically meaningful changes in vital signs, laboratory analytes, or electrocardiography. There were no significant increases on any measure of extrapyramidal symptoms.
The olanzapine/fluoxetine combination showed rapid, robust, and sustained improvement in depressive symptoms in patients with MDD, including patients with TRD. The long-term safety profile of the combination was similar to that of its component monotherapies.
Pancreatic trauma in children Jacombs, A.S.W; Wines, M; Holland, A.J.A ...
Journal of pediatric surgery,
2004, 2004-Jan, 2004-1-00, 20040101, Letnik:
39, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aim of this study was to determine the etiology, associated injuries, and outcome of children with pancreatic injuries.
A retrospective review was conducted of children under 16 years with ...pancreatic trauma admitted to the Children’s Hospital at Westmead (CHW) from January 1983 to September 2002. Deaths were reported to the New South Wales Paediatric Trauma Death Registry (State Registry) from January 1988 to September 2002.
Sixty-five cases were identified: 46 patients were admitted to CHW, and 22 deaths were reported to the State Registry (including 3 deaths at CHW). The median age was 6 years (range, 1 to 14 years). Boys accounted for 60% (n = 40) of cases, decreasing to 50% (n = 11) of those that died. Motor vehicle injuries (MVI) were the most common mechanism, accounting for 40% of survivors and 77% of those who died. Children were restrained incorrectly in 48% of all cases and in 67% of those who died. Significantly more children who died had head, chest, and abdominal visceral injuries, compared with those who survived. Death occurred as a result of head injuries in 68%, with only 3 deaths directly attributed to pancreatico-duodenal injuries.
Pancreatic injuries remain uncommon in children. The most frequent mechanism was MVI, with incorrect use of passenger restraints an important contributing factor. Whereas mortality was mainly caused by other injuries, 3 deaths were directly attributable to pancreato-duodenal trauma.
ABSTRACT We present far-infrared and submillimeter maps from the Herschel Space Observatory and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope of the debris disk host star AU Microscopii. Disk emission is ...detected at 70, 160, 250, 350, 450, 500, and 850 m. The disk is resolved at 70, 160, and 450 m. In addition to the planetesimal belt, we detect thermal emission from AU Mic's halo for the first time. In contrast to the scattered light images, no asymmetries are evident in the disk. The fractional luminosity of the disk is and its milimeter-grain dust mass is ( 20%). We create a simple spatial model that reconciles the disk spectral energy distribution as a blackbody of 53 2 K (a composite of 39 and 50 K components) and the presence of small (non-blackbody) grains which populate the extended halo. The best-fit model is consistent with the "birth ring" model explored in earlier works, i.e., an edge-on dust belt extending from 8.8 to 40 AU, but with an additional halo component with an surface density profile extending to the limits of sensitivity (140 AU). We confirm that AU Mic does not exert enough radiation force to blow out grains. For stellar mass-loss rates of 10-100 times solar, compact (zero porosity) grains can only be removed if they are very small; consistently with previous work, if the porosity is 0.9, then grains approaching 0.1 m can be removed via corpuscular forces (i.e., the stellar wind).
We present a compact, configurable scintillation camera employing a maximum of 16 individual 64-pixel imaging modules resulting in a 1024-pixel camera covering an area of 9.6 cm/spl times/9.6 cm. The ...64-pixel imaging module consists of optically isolated 3 mm/spl times/3 mm/spl times/5 mm CsI(Tl) crystals coupled to a custom array of Si p-i-n photodiodes read out by a custom integrated circuit (IC). Each imaging module plugs into a readout motherboard that controls the modules and interfaces with a data acquisition card inside a computer. For a given event, the motherboard employs a custom winner-take-all IC to identify the module with the largest analog output and to enable the output address bits of the corresponding module's readout IC. These address bits identify the "winner" pixel within the "winner" module. The peak of the largest analog signal is found and held using a peak detect circuit, after which it is acquired by an analog-to-digital converter on the data acquisition card. The camera is currently operated with four imaging modules in order to characterize its performance. At room temperature, the camera demonstrates an average energy resolution of 13.4% full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) for the 140-keV emissions of /sup 99m/Tc. The system spatial resolution is measured using a capillary tube with an inner diameter of 0.7 mm and located 10 cm from the face of the collimator. Images of the line source in air exhibit average system spatial resolutions of 8.7- and 11.2-mm FWHM when using an all-purpose and high-sensitivity parallel hexagonal holes collimator, respectively. These values do not change significantly when an acrylic scattering block is placed between the line source and the camera.
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A 15‐month‐old boy presented in shock with a supraventricular tachycardia following a 12‐h history of worsening abdominal pain and vomiting. The supraventricular tachycardia reverted to sinus ...tachycardia with fluid resuscitation and adenosine. He was noted to have a distended and firm abdomen. A presumptive diagnosis of intestinal ischaemia was subsequently confirmed at laparotomy when an internal hernia with a distal small bowel volvulus and necrosis was found. Intestinal ischaemia presenting with a life‐threatening cardiac dysrhythmia in a child appears not to have been reported previously.
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