Information recall about general situations incurs memory and cognitive loads on operators. Recognition of information for specific situations identified with users' context and the state of the ...world is helpful to operators in performing tasks in complex environments. The emergence of ubiquitous, ambient, and pervasive technologies is increasingly providing methods to help operators to perform their tasks in smart and intelligent ways. Existing user interface design does not solve the problem of drawing together the information required for situation-aware decision support systems in a way that minimises cognitive load. This paper discusses a framework for user interface design of situation-aware systems that exploit inputs from users and the environment to provide information tailored to the user's tasks in specific situations. The user interface can reconfigure automatically in order to adapt to the current situation. The adaptation of the user interface to the current situation and the presentation of a reusable sequence of tasks in the situation reduces memory loads on operators. Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) is used to describe tasks for various types of situations. HTA is supplemented with scenarios to stimulate design ideas and requirements analysis is used to represent interrelationships between tasks.
Viable counts and activities of sulfate-reducing bacteria were determined in the oral cavities of 12 healthy volunteers. Of these, 10 harboured viable sulfate-reducing bacteria populations. Six ...separate sites were sampled: the posterior tongue, anterior tongue, mid buccal mucosa, vestibular mucosa, supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque. Sulfate-reducing bacteria occurred in all areas, with the highest incidence in supragingival plaque. Viable counts and sulfate-reducing activities in each of the regions varied from 0 to 10
8 cfu (g wet weight)
−1 and from 0 to 50 nmol (g wet weight)
−1 h
−1, respectively. As sulfate-reducing bacteria can be detected in the oral cavity, they may potentially be involved in terminal oxidative processes carried out by the microflora of the mouth.
Educators in healthcare face significant challenges trying to improve interprofessional teamworking skills, with a lack of clarity on how to teach and evaluate such skills. Previously, the team ...objective structured clinical encounter (TOSCE) has been reported as a teaching and assessment tool, but it has been used primarily in homogenous groups of undergraduates. An interprofessional team of educators set out to evaluate the TOSCE as a teaching intervention amongst a large interprofessional group of postgraduate nurses and midwives. After the TOSCE, 83% of participants reported that they were more aware of potential weaknesses in teamworking and 60% felt more able to work in a team. Mean Likert scale ratings were 4/5 for usefulness, enjoyment and relevance. The TOSCE is a feasible tool for teamwork skill assessment in the demanding postgraduate interprofessional setting and requires further investigation to ascertain its potential for formative and summative assessment of skills.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.78.045203
The charged pion form factor, Fpi(Q2), is an important quantity that can be used to advance our knowledge of hadronic structure. However, the ...extraction of Fpi from data requires a model of the 1H(e,e'pi+)n reaction and thus is inherently model dependent. Therefore, a detailed description of the extraction of the charged pion form factor from electroproduction data obtained recently at Jefferson Lab is presented, with particular focus given to the dominant uncertainties in this procedure. Results for Fpi are presented for Q2=0.60-2.45 GeV2. Above Q2=1.5 GeV2, the Fpi values are systematically below the monopole parametrization that describes the low Q2 data used to determine the pion charge radius. The pion form factor can be calculated in a wide variety of theoretical approaches, and the experimental results are compared to a number of calculations. This comparison is helpful in understanding the role of soft versus hard c
Cross sections for the reaction 1H(e,e′π+)n were measured in Hall C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) using the CEBAF high-intensity, continous electron beam in order to ...determine the charged pion form factor. Data were taken for central four-momentum transfers ranging from Q2=0.60 to 2.45 GeV2 at an invariant mass of the virtual photon-nucleon system of W=1.95 and 2.22 GeV. The measured cross sections were separated into the four structure functions σL, σT, σLT, and σTT. The various parts of the experimental setup and the analysis steps are described in detail, including the calibrations and systematic studies, which were needed to obtain high precision results. The different types of systematic uncertainties are also discussed. The results for the separated cross sections as a function of the Mandelstam variable t at the different values of Q2 are presented. Some global features of the data are discussed, and the data are compared with the results of some model calculations for the reaction 1H(e,e′π+)n.
The differential cross section for D( gamma,d)(pi)0 has been measured at deuteron center-of-mass angles of 90z and 136z. This work reports the first data for this reaction above a photon energy of 1 ...GeV, and permits a test of the apparent constituent counting rule and reduced nuclear amplitude behavior as observed in elastic ed scattering.
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