Efficient drug delivery systems (DDSs) can potentially replace with conventional modalities in cancer therapy, like liver cancer. In this study, a novel folic acid (FA)‐functionalised and alginate ...(Alg)‐modified poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanocomposite was developed for delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) to HepG2 and Huh7 liver cancer cells. After synthesising the nanocarrier, several analytical devices, including FT‐IR, DLS, TGA, and TEM, were employed for its characterisation. Nano‐metric size (55 and 85 nm in diameter), close to neutral surface charge, semi‐spherical morphology, and successful synthesis were approved. Dox entrapment efficiency was determined near 1%, and sustained and pH‐sensitive drug release behaviours of nanocarrier were ascertained for DDS. Afterwards, the cell viability test was carried out to study the HepG2 and Huh7 cells suppression capability of FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg. About 12% and 10% cell viabilities were observed in HepG2 and Huh7 cancer cells after 24 h treatment with 400 nM concentration of FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg nanocarrier respectively. The IC50 value was observed for 100 nM after 24 h of treatment in cancer cells. These data have indicated that fabricated nanocarrier could be promising DDS against liver cancer and replace with conventional approaches in cancer treatment, like chemotherapy.
In this work, a novel folic acid (FA)‐functionalised and alginate (Alg)‐modified poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanocomposite was developed for delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) to HepG2 liver cancer cells.
Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of death all around the globe. On the other hand, conventional modalities, such as chemotherapy and surgery, have not been effectively suppressed cancer ...incidence due to some deficiencies. As a result, a novel folic acid (FA)‐decorated poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA)‐Alginate (Alg) nanocarrier was efficiently developed for active doxorubicin (Dox) delivery to human HepG2 liver cancer cells. The in vitro assays, including cell viability assay (MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test), apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cellular uptake, were applied to evaluate the cancer cell growth suppression and apoptosis‐inducing ability of the nanocarrier. More than 85% cytotoxicity was attained after 24 h of treatment with 400‐nM concentration of FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg. More than 21% and 61% apoptosis were observed after 24 h of treatment with 100‐nM concentrations of FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest assays. The cellular uptake of the FA‐PLGA‐Alg nanocarrier was about 30% higher than that of the PLGA‐Alg carrier which indicated the cancer cell targeting ability of the FA‐PLGA‐Alg sample. These results have indicated the potential capability of FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg in the inhibition of liver cancer cells.
In the current research, a novel FA‐functionalized and Alg‐modified PLGA DDS was efficiently used for the targeted Dox delivery to human HepG2 liver cancer cells. The outputs of this work have confirmed the potential capability of the FA‐PLGA‐Dox‐Alg nanocarrier in the active induction of cell death and apoptosis in liver cancer cells.
Inflammation along with oxidative stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of unstable angina which leads to acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and eventually heart failure. Curcumin ...has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects and thereby, it may reduce cardiovascular complications. This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on the prevention of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure in patients with unstable angina.
Forty patients with unstable angina who met the trial inclusion and exclusion criteria, participated in this double-blind randomized clinical trial. The patients were randomized into two groups: curcumin (80 mg/day for 5days) and placebo (80 mg/day for 5days). Cardiac function was evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography devices at baseline (immediately after hospitalization) and 5 days after the onset of the trial. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias were recorded by Holter monitors in cardiology ward, Ghaem academic hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Progression to heart failure, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary and cardiopulmonary resuscitation events as well as mortality were recorded daily throughout the study.
There were no significant differences between the two groups in atrial and ventricular arrhythmias (p=0.2), and other echocardiographic parameters (Ejection fraction, E, A, E/A ratio, Em, and pulmonary artery pressure) at baseline and five days after the start of the trial.
Nanocurcumin administered at the dose of 80 mg/day for five days had no effect in the incidence of cardiovascular complications in patients with unstable angina.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a small subpopulation in tumor bulk are believed to initiate tumor formation and are responsible for the resistance to cancer therapy. The proliferation and ...differentiation of CSCs result in heterogeneity in a tumor which increases the chance of tumor survival and invasion. Many signaling pathways are abnormally activated or repressed in CSCs. Understanding these pathways and the metabolisms in CSCs may help targeted therapy in drug-resistant tumors. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of the major signaling pathways in CSCs involved in the maintenance of stemness, proliferation, differentiation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and autophagy. Thus, suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with inhibitors might be a promising strategy for targeted cancer therapy. Although the pathway is well-recognized and reviewed in tumor bulks, the functions in CSCs have not been well focused. Here, we reviewed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and its functions in CSCs and addressed the potential therapeutic applications in drug-resistant tumors.
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A major cause of cancer mortality among men is prostate cancer (PCa). In this survey we tried to find a new way to screening and monitoring PCa patients by specific biomarkers like protein prune ...homolog 2 (PRUNE2), non-SMC condensing complex subunit D3 (NCAPD3), and aspartoacylase (ASPA).
Biopsy-proven PCa of 40 Iranian men were collected from the Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital during 2018 year. Following a screening to determine their family history of prostate cancer encounter, smoking habit and stages and grades of their PCa by tumor, node, and metastasis staging system (TNM) were done by telephone and check the patient file. In the following, their biomarkers are detected by real-time PCR method.
Pursuant to our outcome, there is no correlation between neither smoking habits nor age average of PCa and control groups, significantly (P-value > 0.05). There is a significant decreasing in NCAPD3 and ASPA expression in PCa group, yet we can see an opposite result about PRUNE2 expression (P-value < 0.05). Our investigation showed that 5.7% frequency among all PCa samples, which all of them are both family history and smoking positive, presented T4N1M1.
Up and down in expression of biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer, give us a clear perspective of “what will happen next” these patients, but if we want to use these biomarkers instead PSA test, we need more studies and information of PRUNE2, NCAPD3, ASPA and other genes connection to PCa.
•There is no correlation between neither smoking habits nor age average of PCa and control groups, significantly.•There is a significant decreasing in NCAPD3 and ASPA expression in PCa group, yet not about PRUNE2.•5.7% frequency among all PCa samples, which all of them are both family history and smoking positive, presented T4N1M1.•Up and down in expression of biomarkers in patients with PCa, give us a clear perspective of “what will happen next”.
This paper investigates the behaviour of skewed beam to column connections with endplates. The skewed moment connection results in torsional moment at the column face. The torsional moment causes to ...additional shear stress at the end plate surface, which will be combined with the shear stress due to the connection shear force. Since the endplate moment connection is a friction bolted connection, the increased shear stress at the connection face can lead to the frictional force loss and possible slippage of the end plate. In order to study the effect of skewed beam to column endplate connection on the ratio of friction force of the connection, 132 non-linear finite element models of beams with 10°, 20°, 30° and 45° of deviation are investigated. The results show that the beams with deviation angle of 45° have considerable loss in frictional force at the end plate. For the smaller deviation angles, adding one or two rows of bolts is an effective method to reduce the frictional force loss of the skewed beams with small deviation.
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of two methods of colon preparation for colon cleansing in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: In this prospective randomized ...investigator-blinded trial, consecutive outpatients indicated for elective colonoscopy were randomized into two groups. Patients in Senna group took 24 tablets of 11 mg Senna in two divided doses 24 hour before colonoscopy. In Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) group they solved 4 sachets in 4 liters of water the day before the procedure and were asked to drink 250 ml every 15 minutes. The overall quality of colon cleansing was evaluated using the Aronchick scoring scale. Difficulty of the procedure, patients′ tolerance and compliance and adverse events were also evaluated. Results: 322 patients were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in the quality of colon cleansing, patients′ tolerance, compliance and the difficulty of the procedure between two groups (p > 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects was similar between two groups except for abdominal pain that was more severe in Senna group (p < 0.05) and nausea and vomiting that was more common in PEG group (p < 0.05) Conclusions: In conclusion we deduce that Senna has the same efficacy and patient′s acceptance as Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (PEG-ES) and it could be prescribed as an alternative method for bowel preparation.
