The recent outbreak of viral zoonotic disease-monkeypox-caused by the monkeypox virus, has infected many people worldwide. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) ...concerning monkeypox among university students in Bangladesh. Data were collected using purposive snowball sampling from 887 university students through an online survey using Google Form. The participants were mostly in their twenties (M = 22.33 SD 2.01 years), and they spent, on average, 2.59 SD 1.91 hours/day on electronic and social media. The participants generally showed moderate knowledge (39.5%), low attitude (25.1%), and moderate practice (48.6%) toward monkeypox, with 47.6% having had a moderate KAP score. Findings further showed that personal attributes of university students, i.e., age, sex, year of schooling, residence, living status, geographical distribution, e.g., division, were statistically and significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding monkeypox and overall KAP score. It is also apparent that health status, susceptibility to monkeypox, and exposure to social media were the most common factors significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding monkeypox and overall KAP score. The current study's findings underscore the need for developing appropriate information, education, and communication (IEC) materials and their dissemination, which could play an important role in reducing the risk of monkeypox and similar other infectious diseases, particularly among students in Bangladesh.
Nitrogen (N) is the prime nutrient for crop production and carbon-based functions associated with soil quality. The objective of our study (2012 to 2019) was to evaluate the impact of variable rates ...of N fertilization on soil organic carbon (C) pools and their stocks, stratification, and lability in subtropical wheat (Triticum aestivum)-mungbean (Vigna radiata)-rice (Oryza sativa L) agroecosystems. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCB) with N fertilization at 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140% of the recommended rates of wheat (100 kg/ha), mungbean (20 kg/ha), and rice (80 kg/ha), respectively. Composite soils were collected at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths from each replicated plot and analyzed for microbial biomass (MBC), basal respiration (BR), total organic C (TOC), particulate organic C (POC), permanganate oxidizable C (POXC), carbon lability indices, and stratification. N fertilization (120 and 140%) significantly increased the POC at both depths; however, the effect was more pronounced in the surface layer. Moreover, N fertilization (at 120% and 140%) significantly increased the TOC and labile C pools when compared to the control (100%) and the lower rates (60 and 80%). N fertilization significantly increased MBC, C pool (CPI), lability (CL.sub.I ), and management indices (CMI), indicating improved and efficient soil biological activities in such systems. The MBC and POC stocks were significantly higher with higher rates of N fertilization (120% and 140%) than the control. Likewise, higher rates of N fertilization significantly increased the stocks of labile C pools. Equally, the stratification values for POC, MBC, and POXC show evidence of improved soil quality because of optimum N fertilization (120-140%) to maintain and/or improve soil quality under rice-based systems in subtropical climates.
Herein, three novel third‐generation (3G) solar cells: n‐Si/p‐FeSi2/p+‐Si, n‐Si/p‐FeSi2/p+‐BaSi2, and n‐CdS/p‐FeSi2/p+‐BaSi2 based on the orthorhombic iron disilicide (β‐FeSi2) absorber are ...demonstrated theoretically for multikilowatt photovoltaic (PV) systems and space applications. These cells overcome the complication of producing low voltages (≤450 mV) of FeSi2‐based solar cells due to the narrow bandgap (≈0.87 eV) of the absorber. Using crystalline silicon (c‐Si), cadmium sulfide (CdS), and orthorhombic barium disilicide (β‐BaSi2) as junction partners, effects of parameters such as the thickness, doping and defect densities, band offsets, and temperature are studied systematically by a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS‐1D). The highest open‐circuit voltage of 958 mV is attained materially with a 300 nm thin absorber. This article renders the optimization of the PV parameters to improve the device performance with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 28.18%, 31.61%, and 38.93% by the three novel npp+ approaches compared to the PCEs of 15.78% and 24.96% for the solar cells n‐Si/p‐FeSi2 and p‐Si/i‐FeSi2/n‐Si, respectively.
Investigation of three novel npp+ heterojunction solar cells based on an FeSi2 absorber is conducted numerically by SCAPS‐1D for potential applications in space and multikilowatt photovoltaic systems. Taking c‐Si, CdS, and BaSi2 as partner materials, the impact of thickness, doping and defect densities, band offsets, and temperature are explored. The highest obtained VOC is 958 mV and PCE is ≈39%.
Lysine formylation is a newly discovered and mostly interested type of post-translational modification (PTM) that is generally found on core and linker histone proteins of prokaryote and eukaryote ...and plays various important roles on the regulation of various cellular mechanisms. Hence, it is very urgent to properly identify formylation site in protein for understanding the molecular mechanism of formylation deeply and defining drug for relevant diseases. As experimentally identification of formylation site using traditional processes are expensive and time consuming, a simple and high speedy mathematical model for predicting accurately lysine formylation sites is highly desired. A useful computational model named PLF_SVM is deigned and proposed in this study by using binary encoding (BE), amino acid composition (AAC), reverse position relative incidence matrix (RPRIM), position relative incidence matrix (PRIM), and position specific amino acid propensity (PSAAP) feature generation methods for predicting formylated and non-formylated lysine sites. Besides, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and a proposed sample selection strategy named EnSVM are applied to handle the imbalance training dataset problem. Thereafter, the optimal number of features are selected by F-score method to train the model. Finally, it has been seen that PLF_SVM outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in validation and independent test with an accuracy of 98.61% and 98.77% respectively. At https://plf-svm.herokuapp.com/, a user-friendly web tool is also created for identifying formylation sites. Therefore, the proposed method may be helpful guideline for the analysis and prediction of formylated lysine and knowing the process of cellular regulation.
•A new model for predicting formylation sites.•The feature vector is generated by fusing ACC, BE, PRIM, RPRIM and PSAAP.•A new algorithm is proposed for selection of reliable non-formylated samples.•The F_Score method is implemented to remove irrelevant and nosy features.•The prediction capability of PLF_SVM is superior to other existing classifiers.
To complete meiosis II, cyclin B is degraded in a short period by the inactivation of M-phase promoting factor (MPF). Previously, we showed that the destruction of cyclin B was initiated by the ...ubiquitin-independent proteolytic activity of the 26 S proteasome through an initial cut in the N-terminus of cyclin (at K57 in the case of goldfish cyclin B). We hypothesized that this cut allows cyclin to be ubiquitinated for further destruction by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway, which leads to MPF inactivation. In this study, we aimed to identify the ubiquitination site for further degradation. The destruction of cyclin B point mutants in which lysine residues in a lysine-rich stretch following the cut site of cyclin B had been mutated was analyzed. All the lysine point mutants except K57R (a point mutant in which K57 was substituted with arginine) were susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by the 26 S proteasome. However, the degradation of the K77R and K7677R mutants in Xenopus egg extracts was significantly slower than the degradation of other mutants, and a 42 kDa truncated form of cyclin B was detected during the onset of the degradation of these mutants. The truncated form of recombinant cyclin B, an N-terminal truncated cyclin BΔ57 produced as cut by the 26 S proteasome, was not further cleaved by the 26 S proteasome but rather degraded in Xenopus egg extracts. The injection of the K57R, K77R and K7677R cyclin B proteins stopped cleavage in Xenopus embryos. From the results of a series of experiments, we concluded that cyclin B degradation involves a two-step mechanism initiated by initial ubiquitin-independent cleavage by the 26 S proteasome at lysine 57 followed by its ubiquitin-dependent destruction by the 26 S proteasome following ubiquitination at lysine 77.
In this work, we have proposed a new formulation of a hybrid nanofertilizer (HNF) for slow and sustainable release of nutrients into soil and water. Urea-modified hydroxyapatite was synthesized, ...which is a rich source of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate. Nanoparticles such as copper, iron, and zinc were incorporated into urea-modified hydroxyapatite to increase the efficiency of the proposed fertilizer. Different techniques including powder X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to get insight into the properties, morphology, and structure of the as-prepared fertilizer. The developed HNF was used in a field experiment on the ladies’ finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) plant. The slow release of HNF was observed during leaching studies and confirmed the availability of Ca2+, PO4 3–, NO2–, NO3–, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+. Furthermore, the presence of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ nutrients in ladies’ finger was confirmed by the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) experiment. A considerable increase in the physicochemical properties such as swelling ratio and water absorption and retention capacities of the proposed fertilizer was observed, which makes the fertilizer more attractive and beneficial compared with the commercial fertilizer. The composition of the proposed HNF was functionally valuable for slow and sustainable release of plant nutrients. The dose of prepared HNF applied was 50 mg/week, whereas the commercial fertilizer was applied at a dose of 5 g/week to A. esculentus. The obtained results showed a significant increase of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ nutrient uptake in A. esculentus as a result of slow release from HNF.
In this study, a heterojunction (P+ a-SiC/i intrinsic/n-Si) solar cell has been examined and characterized using the Analysis of Microelectronics and Photonic Structures (AMPS-1D) simulator. In this ...heterojunction solar cell, an intrinsic layer is imposed to enhance the efficiency and performance. The optimum efficiency of 36.52% (Voc=1.714 V, Jsc=27.006 mA/cm2, and FF=0.789) has been achieved with this intrinsic layer. It has also been observed the solar cell without intrinsic layer. In this case, the maximum efficiency of 2.378% has been observed which is very poor. The heterojunction solar cell also has been investigated with electron blocking layer (EBL) and defect layer. In this case, the simulation result shows the lower efficiency (34.357%) than the previous. This research paper introduces an optimized model of a heterojunction solar cell enhanced with an intrinsic layer to improve efficiency. The proposed design shows significant promise in its theoretical framework. Looking forward, the design could be realized in laboratory settings and has the potential to be scaled up for broader applications.
Zinc telluride (ZnTe) is considered as a favorable photovoltaic (PV) material for its desirable absorption coefficient, improved conversion efficiency, and consequently inexpensive production ...material requirements. The principal objective of this research is to improve the performance of newly designed Al/ZnO/CdS/ZnTe/In
2
Te
3
/Pt solar cell and to investigate the influence of the Indium telluride (In
2
Te
3
) back surface field (BSF) layer on the performance parameters of open-circuit voltage (V
oc
), short-circuit current density (J
sc
), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). This simulation analyses the performance of the baseline structure Al/ZnO/CdS/ZnTe/Pt which is considered as without BSF and the proposed structure Al/ZnO/CdS/ZnTe/In
2
Te
3
/Pt with BSF. The thicknesses and doping density have been used are 30, 30, 500, and 100 nm and 10
19
, 10
18
, 10
19
, and 10
21
cm
−3
for ZnO, CdS, ZnTe, and In
2
Te
3
layer, respectively, with bulk defect density of 10
14
cm
−3
for each layer of the proposed cell. The PCE has been achieved 18.40 and 20.20% with V
OC
of 1.860 and 2.008 V, J
SC
of 10.79 and 10.99 mA cm
−2
, as well as FF of 91.87 and 91.92% for the baseline and proposed solar cell, correspondingly. The present study provides the guidelines for the realization of high efficiency and thin ZnTe-based solar cell in cost-effective way.
Graphical abstract
Green space is considered as the lungs of the city. It has immense health benefits mainly for elderly people. Regular physical activity in green space considerably reduces health risk of ...cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, high blood pressure, paralysis, diabetes and other chronic diseases. Besides, it facilitates social interactions and promotes the sense of community among the citizens, which is very important for health and wellbeing of people, especially for elderly, because they predominantly suffer from the social isolation problem. The data on self-perceived health status have been obtained while surveying the green space users through survey schedule. About 92.65% of elderly sampled of those people who are reportedly affected by any of such diseases or a combination of multiple. Similarly, in Australia 85–90% of diabetes problems was found among the elderly. UGS benefits must be universal and this can be done through the universalization of its accessibility. This paper answers the questions as, Whether or not the health risk of NCD make elderly people necessary for visiting and using the green space? Whether or not the visit and use of park consequences better preconception on NCD related physical and psychological health? What factors restrict and motivate them to visit the green space? What would be the appropriate planning approach for making it available for neighbourhood residents? The paper finally proposes a participatory, bottom-up planning model as a planning toolkit.
•Regular physical activity in green space considerably reduces the health risk of non-communicable diseases.•Healthy living of elder people demand availability, proximity and regular use of urban green space.•The elderly regular park users self-reportedly affirmed the improved physical health, mood and attention.•Planning for availability of green space at residential proximity is needed to promote accessibility of elder people.
A large number of metallic nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by using different plant extracts and microbes including bacteria, fungi viruses and microalgae. Some of these metallic ...nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial activities against phytopathogens. Here, we summarized these green-synthesized nanoparticles from plants and microbes and their applications in the control of plant pathogens. We also discussed the potential deleterious effects of the metallic nanoparticles on plants and beneficial microbial communities associated with plants. Overall, this review calls for attention regarding the use of green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles in controlling plant diseases and clarification of the risks to plants, plant-associated microbial communities, and environments before using them in agriculture.
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