•Geometrically nonlinear behavior of corrugated laminated shell is investigated.•Specimens are made by unidirectional glass/epoxy prepreg and autoclave process.•The practical challenges during curing ...process are discussed.•A new technical material model is also adapted to solve the problem numerically.
This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the geometrically nonlinear behavior of corrugated laminated composite shells (CLCS) under quasi-static loading along the corrugated direction. A geometrically nonlinear layer-wise shell finite element formulation is adopted to study the behavior of CLCS under large deformation by modeling of incremental different moduli in the tensile and compressive regimes through the thickness, where the spatial location of neutral axis shifts with deformation. A master curve is presented to estimate the value of compressive modulus from given tensile and flexural moduli. Using the prepreg autoclave method, the paper also describes practical challenges in the manufacturing of CLCS and reveals significant influence of thickness on the nonlinear elastic behavior of two thin and moderately thick CLCS. The proprietary layer-wise shell FE formulation is verified with solid-finite-element modeling and employing a developed user material (USERMAT) subroutine in the commercial software ANSYS. Resulting improvements in numerical modelling are assessed in both general and local behaviors.
Lung cancer is a malignant disease with high morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis since conventional therapeutic approaches are not sufficient. Recently, with the discovery of exosomes, ...researchers have implemented new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of various malignancies such as lung cancer. Investigation of lung cancer cell-derived exosomes and analysis of their profile by advanced techniques will assist researchers to take advantage of the specific properties of these multivesicular bodies. Also, scientists have presented various encouraging methods in the treatment of lung cancer with loading drugs, proteins, microRNAs, and siRNAs inside specific antigen-targeted exosomes. This review discusses the role of exosomes as novel prognostic biomarkers (containing lipids, surface and internal proteins, miRNAs, and lncRNAs) and therapeutic agents (e.g. vaccine and targeted drug delivery systems) in lung cancer.
In this paper, we investigate the effects of fibers' cross-sectional shape on the performance of a fibrous filter in the slip and no-slip flow regimes. The slip flow regime is expected to prevail ...when fiber diameter is comparable in size to the mean free path of the gas molecules (about 65
nm at normal temperatures and pressures), whereas the no-slip flow regime describes the aerodynamic condition of flow through media with large fibers. Our numerical simulations conducted for flow around single fibers with different geometries indicate that, while the collection efficiency is only weakly affected by the cross-sectional shape of nanofibers, the fiber drag (i.e., permeability of the media) can be considerably influenced by the fiber's shape. Simulating the flow field around nano- and microfibers with circular, square, trilobal, and elliptical cross-sections, it was found that the more streamlined the fiber geometry, the lower the fiber drag caused by a nanofiber relative to that generated by its micron-sized counterpart.
We simulate the influence of fibers' cross-sectional shape on the pressure drop and capture efficiency of filters made up of circular or non-circular fibers. It was found that, the more streamlined the fiber geometry, the lower the fiber drag caused by a nanofiber relative to that caused by its micron-sized counterpart.
Display omitted
► We modeled the slip flow over circular, square, elliptical, and trilobal fibers. ► We compared pressure drop and collection efficiency of these fibers. ► We compared performance of these fibers in slip and no-slip flow regimes. ► We concluded that the influence of fiber shape is more important in the slip flow regime. ► Fiber shape influences pressure drop more than collection efficiency.
Evidence is mounting of severe planetary and civilizational crises, interrelated and mutually constitutive of one another at unprecedented scales caused by the 'globalization' of a hegemonic mode of ...civilizational '(mal-)development.' Critical scholarship in both Development and Global(ization) Studies faces numerous challenges. In this article, we argue that critical scholarship needs to be radically transformed to become radically transformative. This means that we need to critically revisit what identifies both fields as "critical", at the meta-theoretical level, as a joint transformative project, fundamentally independent of capital's discursive lexicons and historical logics. An ontological recognition of the truth and a new dialectic of the truth and the real help enact an action-oriented agenda to explore the potentials for liberation. It is now time to bravely explore the realm of impossibility by re/imagineering alternative lifeways beyond capital, beyond fossil fuel, and beyond commodity-oriented cumulative growth and their associated narrow rationalities.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a build up of amyloid β (Aβ) deposits, elevated oxidative stress, and deterioration of the cholinergic ...system. The present study investigated short-term cognitive-enhancing effects of acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) Vitamin C (ascorbate) treatment in APP/PSEN1 mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Middle-aged (12 months) and very old (24 months) APP/PSEN1 bigenic and wild-type mice were treated with ascorbate (125 mg/kg i.p.) or the vehicle 1 h before testing on Y-maze spontaneous alternation and Morris water maze tasks. Very old mice performed more poorly on cognitive tasks than middle-aged mice. Ascorbate treatment improved Y-maze alternation rates and swim accuracy in the water maze in both wild-type and APP/PSEN1 mice. Aβ deposits and oxidative stress both increased with age, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly reduced in APP/PSEN1 compared to wild-type mice. However, the short course of acute ascorbate treatment did not alter Alzheimer-like neuropathological features of plaque deposition, oxidative stress, or AChE activity. These data suggest that ascorbate may have noötropic functions when administered parenterally in high doses and that the mode of action is via an acute, pharmacological-like mechanism that likely modulates neurotransmitter function.
AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesThe hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) variations suggested having some effects on infection outcome. Due to some controversial issues, the aim of this ...study was to compare the pattern of HBsAg variation between asymptomatic carriers and HCC/cirrhosis patients. Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 19 HCC/cirrhotic and 26 asymptomatic patients were enrolled. After viral DNA extraction, HBs gene was amplified using an in-house nested-PCR. Then, PCR products were introduced into bi-directional Sanger sequencing. The retrieved sequences were compared with references, to investigate the variation of immunologic sites, major hydrophilic region (MHR) of HBsAg as well as reverse transcriptase (RT), and also to determine genotype/subtype. ResultsThe analysis of MHR and epitopes on HBsAg showed dozens of substitution, which occurred more prevalently in I110, P120, Y134, G159, S193, Y206, S207, I208, L213 and P214 positions. However, Y134N/F/L ( P= 0.04) and P120T/S ( P= 0.009) were significantly detected in MHR and B-cell epitope of HCC/Cirrhotic group. A number of truncation-related mutations were higher in HCC/Cirrhotic group ( P> 0.001), albeit only C69* stop codon was statistically significant ( P= 0.003). In RT, some potentially resistant substitutions such as Q215S, V191I and V214A, were revealed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of isolates belonged to genotype D, and the major serotype was ayw1. ConclusionThe higher frequency of substitutions in MHR and immune epitopes at positions such as Y134 and P120 as well as stop codons such as C69* in HCC/cirrhotic group might candidate them as predictive factors for infection outcome.
Carbon nanotubes are one of the candidates for the reinforcement of metals for numerous applications. In this study, the effect of CNT on the primary radiation damage of CNT-Cu nanocomposite was ...investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations were performed by considering primary knock-on atom with 3 and 6 keV kinetic energies in the radial velocity direction (perpendicular to the cylinder axis) at various distances from the armchair CNT with (28, 28) chirality. Equivalent simulations in the single copper crystal and crystal containing cylindrical nanovoid (“CNV”) were performed for comparison. The results represent an improvement in radiation tolerance of copper composed with CNT nanofiller. In this material, CNT not only plays a sink role for point defects, but also it acts as a barrier to extend the displacement cascade. Some fluctuations in the number of the bulk vacancy around CNT-Cu interface were observed. The reason for this behavior was discussed.
Aim
To perform a systematic review of the effect of interaction between Melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) single nucleotide polymorphisms and diet on the development of obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
...Background
Environmental factors, such as nutrient intakes or feeding behaviours, can modulate the association of polymorphism in the MC4R gene with obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, with a combination of the following keywords: Diet*, nutr*, melanocortin receptor, melanocortin 4 receptor and MC4R. To assess the quality of observational studies, we used a 12‐item quality checklist, derived from the STREGA statement.
Results
A total of 14 articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consumption of highly salty foods and adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern can modulate the association between MC4R polymorphisms and the risk of obesity or Type 2 diabetes. Despite the highly contradictory results of intervention studies, after short‐term lifestyle interventions, children with variant alleles of MC4R single nucleotide polymorphisms can lose more body weight, compared with non‐carriers, although they may have difficulty in maintaining this weight loss in the long‐term. To interpret the results of studies on adults, we need further studies.
Conclusions
The interaction between MC4R genes with dietary factors plays a significant role in the development of obesity or Type 2 diabetes phenotypes. Early detection of MC4R risk alleles in individuals and modification of their diet based on these results could be an efficient strategy to prevent obesity or diabetes in these subgroups.
In this article we derive semi-analytical/numerical solutions for transport phenomena (momentum, heat and mass transfer) in a nanofluid regime adjacent to a nonlinearly porous stretching sheet by ...means of the Homotopy analysis method (
HAM
). The governing equations are reduced to a nonlinear, coupled, non-similar, ordinary differential equation system via appropriate similarity transformations. This system is solved under physically realistic boundary conditions to compute stream function, velocity, temperature and concentration function distributions. The results of the present study are compared with numerical quadrature solutions employing a shooting technique with excellent correlation. Furthermore the current
HAM
solutions demonstrate very good correlation with the non-transpiring finite element solutions of Rana and Bhargava (Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 17:212–226,
2012
). The influence of stretching parameter, transpiration (wall suction/injection) Prandtl number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter and Lewis number on velocity, temperature and concentration functions is illustrated graphically. Transpiration is shown to exert a substantial influence on flow characteristics. Applications of the study include industrial nanotechnological fabrication processes.
PDF
