Emergency physicians witness the effects of injury and violence every day. Traumatic brain injury, assault-related trauma, motor vehicle crashes, and opioid overdoses make up only some of these ...injuries—many of which can be prevented and better understood. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (Injury Center) is uniquely poised to measure the toll of injury and violence on the lives of Americans, to communicate this public health burden, and to reduce the factors that increase their risk. Injury is the leading cause of death for persons aged 1 to 44 years in the United States. The Injury Center seeks to prevent violence and injuries and to reduce their consequences. For more than 20 years, Injury Center researchers have investigated factors that put Americans at risk through surveillance and research and translated these findings into evidence-based strategies and interventions. Many of these efforts are directly relevant to emergency medicine through preventing injuries and violence to save lives.
The United States is facing a mental health crisis, as more than one in five US adults live with a mental illness (57.8 million in 2021 ).1 The COVID-19 pandemic (March 11,2020-May 5, 2023) has been ...linked with increases in poor mental health outcomes in not only the general population but also among workers.2 The social and economic disruptions experienced by many people amplified and compressed mental health morbidity. Lifetime estimates of the prevalence of poor mental health outcomes were seen in the early, acute phases of the pandemic; for example, in June 2020, 40% of US adults reported struggling with mental health or substance use.3While working in health occupations has always been challenging, our entire system of providing health care has been under extreme duress for the past three years, and in some cases, it has been pushed near the breaking point. Difficult working conditions associated with health occupations, including long work hours and shiftwork, intense physical and emotional labor, exposure to human suffering and death, and risk of exposure to disease and violence, have all been magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic4 Health workers including not only frontline health care workers such as nurses and physicians but also public health workers, emergency medical service (EMS) first responders, mental health workers, long-term care workers, and others in many supporting roles, have been especially impacted by increased poor mental health outcomes.During the first year of the pandemic, across 65 studies involving 97 333 health workers, 22% reported moderate depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).5 One study, which surveyed more than 1100 health workers from June through September 2020, found that 93% reported they were experiencing stress, 86% reported anxiety, 76% reported exhaustion and burnout, and 41 % reported loneliness.6 Similarly, a survey of 26 174 public health workers in 2021 revealed that 53% were experiencing symptoms of at least one mental health condition.2 The mental health challenges have been experienced by both clinicians and those in nonclinical support roles, but fewer assistance resources have been available to lower-wage health workers. In 2022, only 22% of health workers in California reported adequate emotional support. Janitorial, food service, supply, and other support staff reported the lowest support (17%) among represented job types.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a long and tragic public health crisis. More than 1 million people have died in the US. Some segments of our population, including those who are African American, ...Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native, and living in low socioeconomic areas, have borne a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality. Preexisting health disparities have been exacerbated as people delayed care, deferred prevention, and isolated at home. During the pandemic, we have become acutely aware of the differences that the social determinants of health play in our lives and in our health.
In Search of Teen Dating Violence Typologies Reidy, Dennis E., Ph.D; Ball, Barbara, Ph.D; Houry, Debra, M.D ...
Journal of adolescent health,
02/2016, Letnik:
58, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract Purpose The goal of the present research was to identify distinct latent classes of adolescents that commit teen dating violence (TDV) and assess differences on demographic, behavioral, and ...attitudinal correlates. Methods Boys and girls (N = 1,149; Mage = 14.3; Grades 6–12) with a history of violence exposure completed surveys assessing six indices of TDV in the preceding 3 months. Indices of TDV included controlling behaviors, psychological TDV, physical TDV, sexual TDV, fear/intimidation, and injury. In addition, adolescents provided demographic and dating history information and completed surveys assessing attitudes condoning violence, relationship skills and knowledge, and reactive/proactive aggression. Results Latent class analysis indicated a three-class solution wherein the largest class of students was nonviolent on all indices (“nonaggressors”) and the smallest class of students demonstrated high probability of nearly all indices of TDV (“multiform aggressors”). In addition, a third class of “emotional aggressors” existed for which there was a high probability of controlling and psychological TDV but low likelihood of any other form of TDV. Multiform aggressors were differentiated from emotional and nonaggressors on the use of self-defense in dating relationships, attitudes condoning violence, and proactive aggression. Emotional aggressors were distinguished from nonaggressors on nearly all measured covariates. Conclusions Evidence indicates that different subgroups of adolescents engaging in TDV exist. In particular, a small group of youth engaging in multiple forms of TDV can be distinguished from a larger group of youth that commit acts of TDV restricted to emotional aggression (i.e., controlling and psychological) and most youth that do not engage in TDV.
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