When COVID-19 emerged in China in late 2019, most citizens were home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus. This study explored the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and ...depression in a sample of home-quarantined college students to identify the psychological distress risk factors.
The PTSD and depressive symptoms in the 2485 participants from 6 universities were investigated using online survey versions of the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version and the 9-question Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9), and data on sleep durations, exposure, home-quarantine time and socio-demographic variables were also collected.
The PTSD and depression prevalence were found to be 2.7% and 9.0%. Subjectively, feeling extreme fear was the most significant risk factor for psychological distress, followed by short sleep durations, being in their graduating year (4th year) and living in severely afflicted areas. Sleep durations was a mediator between exposures and mental health problems.
The results suggested that the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 could be serious. Psychological interventions that reduce fear and improve sleep durations need to be made available to the home-quarantined university students, and graduating students and those in the worst-hit areas should be given priority focus.
Drug resistance develops in nearly all patients with colon cancer, leading to a decrease in the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer agents. This review provides an up-to-date summary on ...over-expression of ATPbinding cassette(ABC) transporters and evasion of apoptosis, two representatives of transport-based and non-transport-based mechanisms of drug resistance, as well as their therapeutic strategies. Different ABC transporters were found to be up-regulated in colon cancer, which can facilitate the efflux of anticancer drugs out of cancer cells and decrease their therapeutic effects. Inhibition of ABC transporters by suppressing their protein expressions or co-administration of modulators has been proven as an effective approach to sensitize drug-resistant cancer cells to anticancer drugs in vitro. On the other hand, evasion of apoptosis observed in drug-resistant cancers also results in drug resistance to anticancer agents, especially to apoptosis inducers. Restoration of apoptotic signals by BH3 mimetics or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and inhibition of cancer cell growth by alternative cell death pathways, such as autophagy, are effective means to treat such resistant cancer types. Given that the drug resistance mechanisms are different among colon cancer patients and may change even in a single patient at different stages, personalized and specific combination therapy is proposed to be more effective and safer for the reversal of drug resistance in clinics.
Purpose
Despite its prevalence and serious negative impact on consumer behavior, marketing strategies and social welfare, little is known about how to effectively curb moral licensing. Drawing on ...research in warm-glow giving and virtue signaling, this paper aims to propose that social sharing can help alleviate the moral licensing effect; and this effect is mediated by moral self-regard and moderated by temporal distance.
Design/methodology/approach
Two experimental studies were conducted in a laboratory setting using large samples. In particular, Study 1 was designed to test the proposed main and mediation effects, and Study 2 was designed to further examine the proposed moderation effect.
Findings
Study 1 demonstrates after having shared a prior moral behavior on social media, people are more likely to engage in another moral act subsequently. This is because that sharing a prior moral behavior on social media leads to a drop in moral self-regard, which, in turn, boosts a subsequent moral intention. Study 2 further shows that after having shared a prior moral behavior on social media, when making a decision for the present, people are more likely to engage in a subsequent good deed; however, this effect is diminished when people are making such a decision for the future.
Practical implications
This work provides important implications for marketing managers and policymakers. In particular, this research suggests that social sharing can be an effective tool to encourage individuals’ consistent moral behavior so as to promote individual and collective well-being. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that temporal distance and social sharing can interact to reduce the moral licensing effect. In practice, this research contributes to the development of effective marketing strategies, particularly for those companies that aim to integrate sustainability into their business practices.
Originality/value
In contrast to previous research examining the cognitive approach to curbing moral licensing, this research explores a new, powerful behavioral approach to alleviating the moral licensing effect. Furthermore, this research consolidates previous findings on the relationship between identity signaling and self-regard, increases the scope of identity signaling research and offers a bridge between research on identity signaling and research on moral licensing. Finally, this research adds to understanding of moral licensing by showing that the moral licensing effect may vary depending on contextual factors and, therefore, is more malleable than previously thought, which opens up future research opportunities to explore when and how the moral licensing effect can be alleviated.
Multicomponent alloying can be utilized to enhance the thermal stability of nanocrystalline alloys. The grain boundary energy can be reduced significantly via both bulk and grain-boundary ...high-entropy effects with increasing temperature at/within the solid solubility limit, thereby reducing the thermodynamic driving force for grain growth. Moreover, grain boundary migration can be hindered by sluggish kinetics. To test these new theories, numerical experiments were conducted; subsequently, several nanoalloys, including a Ni-based alloy (Ni80Mo6.6Ti6Nb6Ta1.4) and Ni-containing high-entropy alloys (Ni29Fe23Co23Cr23Zr2 and Ni25Fe23Co23Cr23Mo2Nb2Zr2), were designed and fabricated to demonstrate outstanding thermal stabilities that outperform the Ni-based binary nanocrystalline alloys.
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A new class of high-entropy perovskite oxides (i.e., multiple-cation solid solutions with high configurational entropies) has been synthesized. Six of the 13 compositions examined, including ...Sr(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Mn0.2)O3, Sr(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3, Ba(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Ce0.2)O3, Ba(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Y0.2)O3−x, Ba(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3 and (Sr0.5Ba0.5)(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3, can form homogeneous single solid-solution phases. Goldschmidt's tolerance factor, instead of cation-size difference, influences the formation and temperature-stability of single cubic perovskite solid solutions. This new class of multicomponent (high-entropy) perovskite solid solutions with distinct and highly-tunable chemistries can enable simultaneous tailoring of multiple properties and potentially lead to new functionality.
The formation of a homogenous solid solution of perovskite Sr(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Mn0.2)O3, which is one example of the six high-entropy perovskite oxides synthesized in this study. Display omitted
Mechanical and chemical degradations of high-capacity anodes, resulting from lithiation-induced stress accumulation, volume expansion and pulverization, and unstable solid-electrolyte interface ...formation, represent major mechanisms of capacity fading, limiting the lifetime of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Here we report that the mechanical degradation on cycling can be deliberately controlled to finely tune mesoporous structure of the metal oxide sphere and optimize stable solid-electrolyte interface by high-rate lithiation-induced reactivation. The reactivated Co3O4 hollow sphere exhibits a reversible capacity above its theoretical value (924 mAh g(-1) at 1.12 C), enhanced rate performance and a cycling stability without capacity fading after 7,000 cycles at a high rate of 5.62 C. In contrast to the conventional approach of mitigating mechanical degradation and capacity fading of anodes using nanostructured materials, high-rate lithiation-induced reactivation offers a new perspective in designing high-performance electrodes for long-lived lithium-ion batteries.
Previous general super-resolution methods do not perform well in restoring the details structure information of face images. Prior and attribute-based face super-resolution methods have improved ...performance with extra trained results. However, they need an additional network and extra training data are challenging to obtain. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-phase Attention Network (MPAN). Specifically, our proposed MPAN builds on integrated residual attention groups (IRAG) and a concatenated attention module (CAM). The IRAG consists of residual channel attention blocks (RCAB) and an integrated attention module (IAM). Meanwhile, we use IRAG to bootstrap the face structures. We utilize the CAM to concentrate on informative layers, hence improving the network's ability to reconstruct facial texture features. We use the IAM to focus on important positions and channels, which makes the network more effective at restoring key face structures like eyes and mouths. The above two attention modules form the multi-phase attention mechanism. Extensive experiments show that our MPAN has a significant competitive advantage over other state-of-the-art networks on various scale factors using various metrics, including PSNR and SSIM. Overall, our proposed Multi-phase Attention mechanism significantly improves the network for recovering face HR images without using additional information.
The policy induced decline of human mobility has been recognised as effective in controlling the spread of COVID-19, especially in the initial stage of the outbreak, although the relationship among ...mobility, policy implementation, and virus spread remains contentious. Coupling the data of confirmed COVID-19 cases with the Google mobility data in Australia, we present a state-level empirical study to: (1) inspect the temporal variation of the COVID-19 spread and the change of human mobility adherent to social restriction policies; (2) examine the extent to which different types of mobility are associated with the COVID-19 spread in eight Australian states/territories; and (3) analyse the time lag effect of mobility restriction on the COVID-19 spread. We find that social restriction policies implemented in the early stage of the pandemic controlled the COVID-19 spread effectively; the restriction of human mobility has a time lag effect on the growth rates of COVID-19, and the strength of the mobility-spread correlation increases up to seven days after policy implementation but decreases afterwards. The association between human mobility and COVID-19 spread varies across space and time and is subject to the types of mobility. Thus, it is important for government to consider the degree to which lockdown conditions can be eased by accounting for this dynamic mobility-spread relationship.
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