Video monitoring is an important means of ship traffic supervision. In practice, regulators often need to use an electronic chart platform to determine basic information concerning ships passing ...through a video feed. To enrich the information in the surveillance video and to effectively use multimodal maritime data, this paper proposes a novel ship multi-object tracking technology based on improved single shot multibox detector (SSD) and DeepSORT algorithms. In addition, a night contrast enhancement algorithm is used to enhance the ship identification performance in night scenes and a multimodal data fusion algorithm is used to incorporate the ship automatic identification system (AIS) information into the video display. The experimental results indicate that the ship information tracking accuracies in the day and night scenes are 78⋅2% and 70⋅4%, respectively. Our method can effectively help regulators to quickly obtain ship information from a video feed and improve the supervision of a waterway.
Ship dimensions are an important component of static AIS information, and are a key factor in identifying the risks of ship collisions. We describe a method of extracting and correcting ship contour ...information using inland waterway surveillance video combined with AIS information that does not depend on ship dimension data. A lightweight object detection model was used to determine the ship’s position in an image. Dynamic AIS information was included to produce multigroup control points, solve the optimal homography matrix, and create a transformation model to map image coordinates onto water surface coordinates. A semantic segmentation DeepLabV3+ model was used to determine ship contours from the images, and the actual dimensions of the ship contours were calculated using homography matrix transformation. The mAP of the proposed object detection model and the MIoU of the semantic segmentation model were 86.73% and 91.07%, respectively. The calculation error of the ship length and width were 5.8% and 7.4%, respectively. These statistics indicate that the proposed method rapidly and accurately detected target ships in images, and that the model estimated ship dimensions within a reasonable range.
Background/Objectives
To identify visual trajectories and examine their relationships with physical and cognitive function in older Chinese adults.
Design
Population‐based longitudinal study.
Setting
...The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.
Participants
A total of 16,151 participants aged ≥65 years.
Measurements
Visual, physical (including activities of daily living ADL and instrumental ADL IADL), and cognitive function were assessed at baseline and subsequently every 3 years. ADI disability and IADL disability were defined as needing any help in any item of the Katz scale and a modified Lawton's scale, respectively. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Chinese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination score below 24. A group‐based trajectory model was used to determine visual trajectories adjusted for age, sex, and education. Associations of visual trajectories with ADL disability, IADL disability, and cognitive impairment were evaluated using generalized estimating equation models adjusted for potential confounders.
Results
This study identified three distinct visual trajectories, including no decline (32.4%), moderate decline (48.3%), and progressive decline (19.3%) during the follow‐up period. Compared with the no decline trajectory, both the moderate decline (ADL disability: OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.30–3.28; IADL disability: OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.74–3.31; cognitive impairment: OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 3.02–3.76) and the progressive decline (ADL disability: OR = 8.50, 95% CI: 6.55–11.02; IADL disability: OR = 12.96, 95% CI: 9.95–16.87; cognitive impairment: OR = 10.84, 95% CI: 8.89–13.23) trajectories were significantly associated with an increased risk of functional impairment. Compared with the moderate decline trajectory, the progressive decline trajectory was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADL disability (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 2.46–3.89), IADL disability (OR = 4.30, 95% CI: 3.29–5.61), and cognitive impairment (OR = 3.22, 95% CI:2.63–3.93).
Conclusion
Older Chinese adults exhibit three distinct visual trajectories and those with decline trajectories in vision have an increased risk of functional impairment than those with a trajectory of no decline in vision.
Biomass-activated carbon has made a great contribution as an adsorbent in the field of dye wastewater treatment. In this study, the response surface method (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design was ...used to optimize the preparation process. Bamboo fiber activated carbon (BAC) with a specific surface area of 2892 m
2
g
−1
and a pore volume of 1.80 cm
3
g
−1
was prepared. Various characterization methods (SEM, XPS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy) were used to analyze the micro-structure of BAC. In the microscopic state, the BAC is fibrous and maintains the originally connected pores of the bamboo fiber. After high-temperature activation, the microcrystallinity of BAC decreases, and the degree of graphitization is low, indicating the presence of amorphous carbon. The adsorption capacity of BAC to crystal violet in simulated wastewater was evaluated
via
an adsorption experiment. Under the following conditions: the dosage of BAC was 0.04 g, the concentration was 600 mg L
−1
, the adsorption temperature and time were 25 °C and 30 min, respectively, and the as-prepared BAC had a 99.96% removal rate. The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, indicating that the adsorption process of CV on BAC belonged to monomolecular layer adsorption. The adsorption process occurs spontaneously and is accompanied by heat release, and the maximum adsorption capacity of BAC within a given concentration range could reach 1353.09 mg g
−1
. SEM-EDS characterization before and after adsorption showed that ion exchange and the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups played an important role in promoting the adsorption process. The results show that BAC considerably affects CV removal, which has great application prospects.
Waste bamboo fiber was obtained from the paper-making industry, and bamboo fiber-activated carbon was prepared by employing the KOH activation method. The bamboo fiber-activated carbon was used as the absorbent to absorb the crystal violet in water.
New fabrication methods and lubrication materials must be developed to improve the lubrication performance of artificial joints and increase the lubrication duration. Herein, a novel polyvinyl ...alcohol/polyethylene glycol/graphene oxide (PVA/PEG/GO) hydrogel was prepared by a physical cross-linking method, and then the hydrogel and its sustained-release solution were used as lubricant for friction evaluation. The results demonstrated that the slow-release gel solution has good lubrication performance, and coefficient of friction (COF) is only 0.04, which is much lower than the COF of distilled water (about 0.08) under the same conditions. The structure characterization results revealed that no new materials are formed in the gel. The results of thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the addition of GO may improve the network crosslinking structure of the PVA/PEG hydrogel and improve its mechanical strength. In addition, PVA/PEG/GO hydrogel has superior self-healing function. The self-healing hydrogel did not break again after being pulled under 200 G of weights. The PVA/PEG/GO hydrogel with excellent slow-release lubricating performance and self-healing properties provides a novel candidate for design of long-term lubricating artificial joints, and is expected to promote the progress of artificial joint lubrication applications.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are essential components of the cancer therapeutic armamentarium. While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable clinical responses, they can be accompanied by ...immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These inflammatory side effects are of unclear etiology and impact virtually all organ systems, with the most common being sites colonized by the microbiota such as the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we establish a mouse model of commensal bacteria-driven skin irAEs and demonstrate that immune checkpoint inhibition unleashes commensal-specific inflammatory T cell responses. These aberrant responses were dependent on production of IL-17 by commensal-specific T cells and induced pathology that recapitulated the cutaneous inflammation seen in patients treated with ICIs. Importantly, aberrant T cell responses unleashed by ICIs were sufficient to perpetuate inflammatory memory responses to the microbiota months following the cessation of treatment. Altogether, we have established a mouse model of skin irAEs and reveal that ICIs unleash aberrant immune responses against skin commensals, with long-lasting inflammatory consequences.
Multimorbidity among Two Million Adults in China Wang, Xiaowen; Yao, Shanshan; Wang, Mengying ...
International journal of environmental research and public health,
2020-May-13, Letnik:
17, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To explore the multimorbidity prevalence and patterns among middle-aged and older adults from China. Data on thirteen chronic diseases were collected from 2,097,150 participants aged over 45 years ...between January 1st 2011 and December 31st 2015 from Beijing Medical Claim Data for Employees. Association rule mining and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to assess multimorbidity patterns. Multimorbidity prevalence was 51.6% and 81.3% in the middle-aged and older groups, respectively. The most prevalent disease pair was that of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (OARA) with hypertension (HT) (middle-aged: 22.5%; older: 41.8%). Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), HT, and OARA constituted the most common triad combination (middle-aged: 11.0%; older: 31.2%). Among the middle-aged group, the strongest associations were found in a combination of cerebrovascular disease (CBD), OARA, and HT with IHD in males (lift = 3.49), and CBD, OARA, and COPD with IHD in females (lift = 3.24). Among older patients, glaucoma and cataracts in females (lift = 2.95), and IHD, OARA, and glaucoma combined with cataracts in males (lift = 2.45) were observed. Visual impairment clusters, a mixed cluster of OARA, IHD, COPD, and cardiometabolic clusters were detected. Multimorbidity is prevalent among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals. The observations of multimorbidity patterns have implications for improving preventive care and developing appropriate guidelines for morbidity treatment.
We present a practical backend for stereo visual SLAM which can simultaneously discover individual rigid bodies and compute their motions in dynamic environments. While recent factor graph based ...state optimization algorithms have shown their ability to robustly solve SLAM problems by treating dynamic objects as outliers, the dynamic motions are rarely considered. In this paper, we exploit the consensus of 3D motions among the landmarks extracted from the same rigid body for clustering and estimating static and dynamic objects in a unified manner. Specifically, our algorithm builds a noise-aware motion affinity matrix upon landmarks, and uses agglomerative clustering for distinguishing those rigid bodies. Accompanied by a decoupled factor graph optimization for revising their shape and trajectory, we obtain an iterative scheme to update both cluster assignments and motion estimation reciprocally. Evaluations on both synthetic scenes and KITTI demonstrate the capability of our approach, and further experiments considering online efficiency also show the effectiveness of our method for simultaneous tracking of ego-motion and multiple objects.
Purpose
Notch signaling dysregulation is implicated in the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Tarextumab is a fully human IgG2 antibody that inhibits Notch2/3 receptors.
Patients and ...Methods
Aphase 2, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial evaluated the activity of tarextumab in combination with nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic PDAC. Patients were stratified based on ECOG performance score and Ca 19‐9 level and randomized 1:1 to nab‐paclitaxel, gemcitabine with either tarextumab or placebo. Based on preclinical and phase Ib results suggesting a positive correlation between Notch3 gene expression and tarextumab anti‐tumor activity, patients were also divided into subgroups of low, intermediate, and high Notch3 gene expression. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in all and in patients with the three Notch3 gene expression subgroups (≥25th, ≥50% and ≥75% percentiles); secondary end points included progression‐free survival (PFS), 12‐month OS, overall response rate (ORR), and safety and biomarker investigation.
Results
Median OS was 6.4 months in the tarextumab group vs 7.9 months in the placebo group (HR = 1.34 95% CI = 0.95, 1.89, P = .0985). No difference observed in OS in the Notch3 gene expression subgroups. PFS in the tarextumab‐treated group (3.7 months) was significantly shorter compared with the placebo group (5.5 months) (hazard ratio was 1.43 95% CI = 1.01, 2.01; P = .04). Grade 3 diarrhea and thrombocytopenia were more common in the tarextumab group.
Conclusions
The addition of tarextumab to nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine did not improve OS, PFS, or ORR in first‐line metastatic PDAC, and PFS was specifically statistically worse in the tarextumab‐treated patients.
Clinical trial registry no
NCT01647828.
A phase 2 study of tarextumab, an anti‐Notch 2/3 inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel in untreated advanced PDAC did not improve outcomes over standard therapy. PFS was statistically worse in the tarextumab‐treated group.
Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) thin films are promising sensing layer for integration in gas sensor devices for detecting toxic and harmful molecules. Herein, tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films are ...deposited on interdigital electrodes by vacuum thermal evaporation to realize batch fabrication of high-performance gas sensors. Subsequent annealing at different temperatures allows for regulation of the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the WO3 films, which has been found to exert a great influence on the sensor properties. In addition, the surface structure of WO3 films is also highly dependent on the annealing temperature. Gas sensing investigations show that the WO3 sensor annealed at 500 °C possesses the best sensing properties for detecting triethylamine (TEA) including very high response, good selectivity, fast response, and low limit of detection (63 ppb). The excellent sensor performances are attributed to the enhanced adsorption of oxidative oxygen species due to the presence of abundant oxygen vacancies. The scalable fabrication of WO3 thin film gas sensors and the oxygen vacancy engineering strategy proposed herein may shed some light to developing high performance environmental sensors.
Display omitted
•WO3 thin films are deposited by vacuum evaporation technology.•The oxygen vacancy concentration of WO3 films is modulated by optimizing the annealing temperature.•High performance gas sensor is demonstrated based on WO3 films for detection of triethylamine (TEA).•The WO3 sensor exhibits ultrafast response-recovery time and low limit of detection for TEA detection.
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