Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are next generation energy storage devices with high energy density, but face challenges in achieving high energy density, high safety, and long cycle life. Here, ...lithium metal batteries in a novel nonflammable ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolyte composed of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMIm) cations and high‐concentration bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) anions, with sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) as a key additive are reported. The Na ion participates in the formation of hybrid passivation interphases and contributes to dendrite‐free Li deposition and reversible cathode electrochemistry. The electrolyte of low viscosity allows practically useful cathode mass loading up to ≈16 mg cm−2. Li anodes paired with lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, NCM 811) cathodes exhibit 99.6–99.9% Coulombic efficiencies, high discharge voltages up to 4.4 V, high specific capacity and energy density up to ≈199 mAh g−1 and ≈765 Wh kg−1 respectively, with impressive cycling performances over up to 1200 cycles. Highly stable passivation interphases formed on both electrodes in the novel IL electrolyte are the key to highly reversible lithium metal batteries, especially for Li–NMC 811 full batteries.
A nonflammable ionic‐liquid electrolyte is developed for high‐safety and high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries, allowing practically useful cathode mass loading up to 16 mg cm−2, realizing high specific capacity and energy density (199 mAh g−1 and 765 Wh kg−1) with impressive cycling performances. The robust passivation interphases formed on both electrodes are key to realizing impressive battery performances.
Anode‐free lithium‐metal batteries employ in situ lithium‐plated current collectors as negative electrodes to afford optimal mass and volumetric energy densities. The main challenges to such ...batteries include their poor cycling stability and the safety issues of the flammable organic electrolytes. Here, a high‐voltage 4.7 V anode‐free lithium‐metal battery is reported, which uses a Cu foil coated with a layer (≈950 nm) of silicon–polyacrylonitrile (Si‐PAN, 25.5 µg cm−2) as the negative electrode, a high‐voltage cobalt‐free LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) as the positive electrode and a safe, nonflammable ionic liquid electrolyte composed of 4.5 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt in N‐methyl‐N‐propyl pyrrolidiniumbis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Py13FSI) with 1 wt% lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as additive. The Si‐PAN coating is found to seed the growth of lithium during charging, and reversibly expand/shrink during lithium plating/stripping over battery cycling. The wide‐voltage‐window electrolyte containing a high concentration of FSI− and TFSI− facilitates the formation of stable solid‐electrolyte interphase, affording a 4.7 V anode‐free Cu@Si‐PAN/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 battery with a reversible specific capacity of ≈120 mAh g−1 and high cycling stability (80% capacity retention after 120 cycles). These results represent the first anode‐free Li battery with a high 4.7 V discharge voltage and high safety.
4.7 V Cu@Si‐PAN/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 anode‐free Li batteries with a reversible specific capacity of ≈120 mAh g−1 and high capacity retention of 80% after 120 cycles are reported. With the nonflammable F‐rich ionic liquid electrolyte and the seeding Si‐PAN layer (950 nm), an enhanced safety and high‐voltage anode‐free Li battery without dendritic Li growth is demonstrated.
Rechargeable Li/Cl2 Battery Down to −80 °C Liang, Peng; Zhu, Guanzhou; Huang, Cheng‐Liang ...
Advanced materials (Weinheim),
02/2024, Letnik:
36, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Low temperature rechargeable batteries are important to life in cold climates, polar/deep‐sea expeditions, and space explorations. Here, this work reports 3.5–4 V rechargeable lithium/chlorine ...(Li/Cl2) batteries operating down to −80 °C, employing Li metal negative electrode, a novel carbon dioxide (CO2) activated porous carbon (KJCO2) as the positive electrode, and a high ionic conductivity (≈5–20 mS cm−1 from −80 °C to room‐temperature) electrolyte comprised of aluminum chloride (AlCl3), lithium chloride (LiCl), and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in low‐melting‐point (−104.5 °C) thionyl chloride (SOCl2). Between room‐temperature and −80 °C, the Li/Cl2 battery delivers up to ≈29 100–4500 mAh g−1 first discharge capacity (based on carbon mass) and a 1200–5000 mAh g−1 reversible capacity over up to 130 charge–discharge cycles. Mass spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy probe Cl2 trapped in the porous carbon upon LiCl electro‐oxidation during charging. At −80 °C, Cl2/SCl2/S2Cl2 generated by electro‐oxidation in the charging step are trapped in porous KJCO2 carbon, allowing for reversible reduction to afford a high discharge voltage plateau near ≈4 V with up to ≈1000 mAh g−1 capacity for SCl2/S2Cl2 reduction and up to ≈4000 mAh g−1 capacity at ≈3.1 V plateau for Cl2 reduction.
This work reports a −80 °C ≈4.0 V rechargeable lithium/chlorine battery with a 1200–5000 mAh g−1 reversible capacity over up to 130 cycles, employing the newly engineered porous carbon cathode and SOCl2‐based electrolyte. X‐ray spectroscopy and mass spectrometry reveal the highly reversible LiCl/Cl2 redox reactions and trapping mechanism of reactive species at −40 °C to −80 °C.
The electrode-dependent resistive random access memories (ReRAM) with aluminum, silver, platinum, and indium tin oxide (ITO) judiciously selected as a pair of electrodes, and the bismuth ferrite ...(BiFeO
3
or BFO) as the active dielectric layer, are fabricated for elaborate characterizations. The Ag/BFO/Pt and Ag/BFO/ITO ReRAMs have reflected excellent electrical properties, notably for the Ag/BFO/ITO combination. The Ag/BFO/ITO endures more than 1200 switching cycles and an excellent (> 10
2
) on/off current or resistance ratio. The retention time in both high and low resistance states could reach 10
4
s and beyond. It has been found that the electrochemical metallization mechanism dominated by metal ion migration and the valence change mechanism dictated by oxygen vacancy conduction are inseparable from the establishment and destruction of the conductive filament. Moreover, a ReRAM with a dual dielectric layer of BFO/α-Fe
2
O
3
) is also prepared for comparison. A special “two-step reset” phenomenon is observed which could be explained with filament theory.
A novel low-loss and ultra-low temperature sinterable microwave dielectric material, AgZnVO4, was systematically investigated for the first time. The material exhibited a monoclinic structure with a ...space group P21/n, obtained by conventional solid-state processing. The material also showed combined microwave dielectric properties of εr = 10.3, Q×f = 42,000 GHz, and τf = –9.2 ppm/°C for specimens sintered at 540 °C. The partial substitution of Mg for Zn in the Ag(Zn1−xMgx)VO4 ceramics effectively improved the densification and reduced the dielectric loss of the ceramics. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed a single solid solution phase of Ag(Zn1−xMgx)VO4. The relative density, dielectric polarizability, packing fraction, lattice energy, and bond valence of the samples were calculated. An excellent combination of the microwave dielectric properties was obtained for Ag(Zn0.97Mg0.03)VO4 ceramic sintered at 540 °C: εr = 10.6, Q×f = 52,000 GHz, and τf = –10 ppm/°C. Additionally, the ceramic exhibited good chemical compatibility with aluminum electrodes, indicating great potential for ultra-low temperature co-fired ceramics (ULTCC) applications, particularly in the microwave and millimeter wave regions.
•First systematic investigation of low-loss, ultra-low temperature sinterable AgZnVO4 microwave dielectric.•AgZn0.97Mg0.03VO4 ceramic at 540°C achieved optimized dielectric properties: εr = 10.6, Q×f = 52,000 GHz, and τf = –10 ppm/°C.•It showed great chemical compatibility with aluminum during co-firing, indicating promise for ULTCC applications.•A 5G millimeter wave patch antenna was designed for the AZMV ceramic.
Solar power has rapidly become an increasingly important energy source in many countries over recent years; however, the intermittent nature of photovoltaic (PV) power generation has a significant ...impact on existing power systems. To reduce this uncertainty and maintain system security, precise solar power forecasting methods are required. This study summarizes and compares various PV power forecasting approaches, including time-series statistical methods, physical methods, ensemble methods, and machine and deep learning methods, the last of which there is a particular focus. In addition, various optimization algorithms for model parameters are summarized, the crucial factors that influence PV power forecasts are investigated, and input selection for PV power generation forecasting models are discussed. Probabilistic forecasting is expected to play a key role in the PV power forecasting required to meet the challenges faced by modern grid systems, and so this study provides a comparative analysis of existing deterministic and probabilistic forecasting models. Additionally, the importance of data processing techniques that enhance forecasting performance are highlighted. In comparison with the extant literature, this paper addresses more of the issues concerning the application of deep and machine learning to PV power forecasting. Based on the survey results, a complete and comprehensive solar power forecasting process must include data processing and feature extraction capabilities, a powerful deep learning structure for training, and a method to evaluate the uncertainty in its predictions.
Sol–gel thin films of amorphous LaNbO
x
(LNO) were prepared to study the bipolar resistive switching (BRS) properties of Metal/LNO/ITO devices. We investigated the influences of film thickness, top ...electrode, annealing temperature, post-metal annealing (PMA), and bilayer structure on the resistive switching (RS) characteristics. In comparison to the as-deposited LNO thin film devices, the PMA-treated devices demonstrated better RS characteristics, with lower set/reset voltages (V
Set
/V
Reset
= − 2.26V/0.9V), longer switching cycles (2466 cycles), and a > 10
1
R
on
/R
off
ratio. Furthermore, at 85 °C, the retention time exceeded 10
4
s, similar to the retention time at room temperature, indicating that random access memory (RRAM) may effectively function over 10 years. The improvement in RS characteristics can be attributed to the formation of an AlO
x
layer between the upper electrode and the insulating layer after PMA treatment, which increases the oxygen vacancy content and facilitates Al ion diffusion. The addition of a bilayer of Al was implemented to increase the thickness of AlO
x
, thereby improving the R
on
/R
off
ratio. However, this addition also degrades the RS properties of the device. Furthermore, the space charge-limited current (SCLC) conduction mechanism dominates in the high resistance state (HRS), while ohmic conduction prevails in the low resistance state (LRS) of the devices.
Edible oils are valuable sources of nutrients, and their classification is necessary to ensure high quality, which is essential to food safety. This study reports the establishment of a rapid and ...straightforward SALDI-TOF MS platform used to detect triacylglycerol (TAG) in various edible oils. Silver nanoplates (AgNPts) were used to optimize the SALDI samples for high sensitivity and reproducibility of TAG signals. TAG fingerprints were combined with multivariate statistics to identify the critical features of edible oil discrimination. Eleven various edible oils were discriminated using principal component analysis (PCA). The results suggested the creation of a robust platform that can examine food adulteration and food fraud, potentially ensuring high-quality foods and agricultural products.
This research employed a conventional solid-state technique to synthesize a novel AgMoVO
6
ceramic material and conducted an analysis of its microwave dielectric properties. The analysis revealed ...that the sample synthesized at 520 °C possessed a monoclinic structure and belonged to the C2/m (12) space group, indicating a pure AgMoVO
6
phase. The dielectric constant of the ceramic was primarily influenced by its density, porosity, and ionic polarizability. Moreover, an increase in the packing fraction and lattice energy significantly enhanced the
Q
×
f
values of the ceramic. The correlation between the bond valence of the specimen and its
τ
f
value was found to be strong. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the dielectric characteristics of the specimens were highly dependent on their unit-cell volume, which critically affected their microwave dielectric properties. Notably, the phase-pure AgMoVO
6
ceramic exhibited exceptional dielectric properties at microwave frequencies, with an
ε
r
of ~ 12.4,
Q
×
f
of ~ 21,300 GHz, and
τ
f
of ~ –46.9 ppm/°C. Additionally, the ceramic material has been successfully employed in the design of a dual-band filter, showcasing its potential for utilization in 5G systems.
In this study we prepared six types of carbon nanodots (CNDs) from natural plant materials - through carbonization of two species of bamboo (Bamboo-I, Bamboo-II) and one type of wood (Wood), and ...through hydrothermal processing of the stem and root of the herb
Mahonia oiwakensis
Hayata (MO) and of the agricultural waste of two species of pineapple root (PA, PB). The resulting CNDs were spherical with dimensions on the nanoscale (3-7 nm); furthermore, CND-Bamboo I, CND-Wood, CND-Bamboo II, CND-MO, CND-PA, and CND-PB displayed fluorescence quantum yields of 9.63, 12.34, 0.90, 10.86, 0.35, and 0.71%, respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed that the carbon nanostructures possessed somewhat ordered and disordered lattices, as evidenced by broad signals at values of 2
between 20 and 30°. CND-Bamboo I, CND-Wood, and CND-Bamboo II were obtained in yields of 2-3%; CND-MO, CND-PA, and CND-PB were obtained in yields of 17.64, 9.36, and 22.47%, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays for mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells treated with the six types of CNDs and a commercial sample of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) revealed that each of our CNDs provided a cell viability of 90% at 2000 μg mL
−1
, whereas it was only 20% after treatment with the Ag NPs at 62.5 μg mL
−1
. The six types of CNDs also displayed low cytotoxicity toward human keratinocyte HacaT cells, human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells when treated at 500 μg mL
−1
. Moreover, confocal microscopic cell imaging revealed that the fluorescent CND-Bamboo I particles were located on the MCF-7 cell membrane and inside the cells after treatment for 6 and 24 h, respectively. We have thoroughly investigated the photoluminescence properties and carbon nanostructures of these highly dispersed CNDs. Because of the facile green synthesis of these six types of CNDs and their sourcing from abundant natural plants, herbs, and agriculture waste, these materials provide a cost-effective method, with low cytotoxicity and stable fluorescence, for biolabeling and for developing cell nanocarriers.
Green nanotechnology of six types of carbon nanodots (CNDs), and their sourcing from abundant natural plants, herbs, and agriculture waste, provides a cost-effective method, with low cytotoxicity and stable fluorescence, for biolabeling and for developing cell nanocarriers.
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