Summary
Background
Few studies have examined the association between psoriasis and glomerulonephritis (GN) as well as chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Objectives
To determine the risk of CKD in patients ...with psoriasis and evaluate the impact of the severity of psoriasis, comorbidities and concomitant drugs on the risk of GN and CKD in patients with psoriasis.
Methods
We identified 4344 patients with psoriasis for the study cohort and randomly selected 13 032 subjects as a control cohort. Each subject was individually followed for up for 5 years to identify those who subsequently developed GN and CKD.
Results
After adjustment for traditional CKD risk factors, psoriasis was found to be independently associated with an increased risk of CKD during the follow‐up period hazard ratio (HR) 1·28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·14–1·44. The increased incidence of GN in patients with psoriasis (HR 1·50, 95% CI 1·24–1·81) may contribute to the positive association between psoriasis and CKD. Patients with mild and severe psoriasis had an increased risk of CKD and GN compared with the control cohort; the risk increased with severity. Patients with psoriasis and arthritis exhibited a higher risk of CKD than patients without arthritis (HR 1·62 vs. 1·26). Among drugs, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have the strongest association with CKD in patients with psoriasis (adjusted odds ratio 1·69, 95% CI 1·14–2·49).
Conclusions
Psoriasis was associated with a higher risk of developing CKD and GN. High severity, psoriatic arthritis involvement and concomitant NSAIDs use further increased the risk of CKD in patients with psoriasis.
What's already known about this topic?
There is an increased risk of multiple comorbidities in patients with psoriasis.
What does this study add?
Both mild and severe psoriasis presented an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and glomerulonephritis, independent of traditional risk factors for CKD.
The development of CKD in patients with psoriasis was multifaceted. High severity, psoriatic arthritis involvement and concomitant nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use further increased the risk of CKD in patients with psoriasis.
Although the clinical features of the Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been characterized, its prognostic significance remains controversial and its ...stability has not been investigated. We analyzed 446 adults with primary non-M3 AML and found IDH2 R172, R140 and IDH1 R132 mutations occurred at a frequency of 2.9, 9.2 and 6.1%, respectively. Compared with wild-type IDH2, mutation of IDH2 was associated with higher platelet counts, intermediate-risk or normal karyotype and isolated +8, but was inversely correlated with expression of HLA-DR, CD34, CD15, CD7 and CD56, and was mutually exclusive with WT1 mutation and chromosomal translocations involving core-binding factors. All these correlations became stronger when IDH1 and IDH2 mutations were considered together. Multivariate analysis revealed IDH2 mutation as an independent favorable prognostic factor. IDH2(-)/FLT3-ITD(+) genotype conferred especially negative impact on survival. Compared with IDH2 R140 mutation, IDH2 R172 mutation was associated with younger age, lower white blood cell count and lactate dehydrogenase level, and was mutually exclusive with NPM1 mutation. Serial analyses of IDH2 mutations at both diagnosis and relapse in 121 patients confirmed high stability of IDH2 mutations. In conclusion, IDH2 mutation is a stable marker during disease evolution and confers favorable prognosis.
The antiferroelectricity in HfZrO 2 (HZO) annealed at 600 °C with an abrupt turn ON of FET characteristics with SSmin = 23 mV/dec and SSavg = 50 mV/dec over 4 decades of IDS is demonstrated. The near ...non-hysteresis is achieved with an antiferroelectric-like HZO due to a small remanent polarization and a coercive field. A feasible concept of coupling the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric type HZO are used for low-power electronics and the memory applications, respectively.
We present improved germanium-based constraints on sub-GeV dark matter via dark matter-electron (χ-e) scattering using the 205.4 kg·day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment. Using a novel calculation ...technique, we attain predicted χ-e scattering spectra observable in high-purity germanium detectors. In the heavy mediator scenario, our results achieve 3 orders of magnitude of improvement for m_{χ} larger than 80 MeV/c^{2} compared to previous germanium-based χ-e results. We also present the most stringent χ-e cross-section limit to date among experiments using solid-state detectors for m_{χ} larger than 90 MeV/c^{2} with heavy mediators and m_{χ} larger than 100 MeV/c^{2} with electric dipole coupling. The result proves the feasibility and demonstrates the vast potential of a new χ-e detection method with high-purity germanium detectors in ultralow radioactive background.
The first estimation of the energy cascade rate |ε_{C}| of magnetosheath turbulence is obtained using the Cluster and THEMIS spacecraft data and an exact law of compressible isothermal ...magnetohydrodynamics turbulence. The mean value of |ε_{C}| is found to be close to 10^{-13} J m^{-3} s^{-1}, at least 2 orders of magnitude larger than its value in the solar wind (∼10^{-16} J m^{-3} s^{-1} in the fast wind). Two types of turbulence are evidenced and shown to be dominated either by incompressible Alfvénic or compressible magnetosoniclike fluctuations. Density fluctuations are shown to amplify the cascade rate and its spatial anisotropy in comparison with incompressible Alfvénic turbulence. Furthermore, for compressible magnetosonic fluctuations, large cascade rates are found to lie mostly near the linear kinetic instability of the mirror mode. New empirical power-laws relating |ε_{C}| to the turbulent Mach number and to the internal energy are evidenced. These new findings have potential applications in distant astrophysical plasmas that are not accessible to in situ measurements.
Magnetic holes (MHs), with a scale much greater than ρi (proton gyroradius), have been widely reported in various regions of space plasmas. On the other hand, kinetic‐size magnetic holes (KSMHs), ...previously called small‐size magnetic holes, with a scale of the order of magnitude of or less than ρi have only been reported in the Earth's magnetospheric plasma sheet. In this study, we report such KSMHs in the magnetosheath whereby we use measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, which provides three‐dimensional (3‐D) particle distribution measurements with a resolution much higher than previous missions. The MHs have been observed in a scale of 10–20 ρe (electron gyroradii) and lasted 0.1–0.3 s. Distinctive electron dynamics features are observed, while no substantial deviations in ion data are seen. It is found that at the 90° pitch angle, the flux of electrons with energy 34–66 eV decreased, while for electrons of energy 109–1024 eV increased inside the MHs. We also find the electron flow vortex perpendicular to the magnetic field, a feature self‐consistent with the magnetic depression. Moreover, the calculated current density is mainly contributed by the electron diamagnetic drift, and the electron vortex flow is the diamagnetic drift flow. The electron magnetohydrodynamics soliton is considered as a possible generation mechanism for the KSMHs with the scale size of 10–20 ρe.
Key Points
Magnetosheath kinetic‐size magnetic holes are found with electron flow vortex caused by diamagnetic drift
At the 90° pitch angle, the 34–66 eV electron flux decreased while 109–1024 eV electron flux increased inside the MHs
Quasi‐2‐D EMHD soliton theory is applicable to the observations
The comparison between relatively intact nanoscale extracellular vesicle-derived DNA (nEV-DNA) and fragmented circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in mutation detection among patients with ...non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been carried out yet, and thus deserves investigation.
Both nEV-DNA and cfDNA was obtained from 377 NSCLC patients with known EGFR mutation status and 69 controls. The respective EGFRE19del/T790M/L858R mutation status was interrogated with amplification-refractory-mutation-system-based PCR assays (ARMS-PCR).
Neither nEV-DNA nor cfDNA levels show a strong correlation with tumor volumes. There is no correlation between cfDNA and nEV-DNA levels either. The detection sensitivity of nEV-DNA and cfDNA using ARMS-PCR in early-stage NSCLC was 25.7% and 14.2%, respectively, with 96.6% and 91.7% specificity, respectively. In late-stage NSCLC, both nEV-DNA and cfDNA show ∼80% sensitivity and over 95% specificity.
nEV-DNA is superior to cfDNA for mutation detection in early-stage NSCLC using ARMS-PCR. However, the advantages vanish in late-stage NSCLC.
Abstract
We carried out deep mapping observations of the atomic hydrogen (H
i
) 21 cm line emission in a field centered on the famous galaxy group Stephan's Quintet (SQ), using the Five-hundred-meter ...Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) equipped with a 19-beam receiver. The final data cube reaches an H
i
column density sensitivity of 5
σ
= 2.1 × 10
17
cm
−2
per 20 km s
−1
channel with an angular resolution of 4.′0. The discovery of a large diffuse feature of the H
i
emission in the outskirts of the intragroup medium of SQ was reported in a previous paper (Xu et al.). Here we present a new study of the total H
i
emission of SQ and the detection of several neighboring galaxies, exploiting the high sensitivity and the large sky coverage of the FAST observations. A total H
i
mass of
M
H I
= 3.48 ± 0.35 × 10
10
M
☉
is found for SQ, which is significantly higher than previous measurements in the literature. This indicates that, contrary to earlier claims, SQ is not H
i
deficient. The excessive H
i
gas is mainly found in the velocity ranges of 6200–6400 km s
−1
and 6800–7000 km s
−1
, which were undetected in previous observations that are less sensitive than ours. Our results suggest that the “missing H
i
” in compact groups may be hidden in the low-density diffuse neutral gas instead of in the ionized gas.
Illegal e-waste recycling activity has caused heavy metal pollution in many developing countries, including China. In recent years, the Chinese government has strengthened enforcement to impede such ...activity; however, the heavy metals remaining in the abandoned e-waste recycling site can still pose ecological risk. The present study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals in soil and water in the vicinity of an abandoned e-waste recycling site in Longtang, South China. Results showed that the surface soil of the former burning and acid-leaching sites was still heavily contaminated with Cd (>0.39 mg kg(-1)) and Cu (>1981 mg kg(-1)), which exceeded their respective guideline levels. The concentration of heavy metals generally decreased with depth in both burning site and paddy field, which is related to the elevated pH and reduced TOM along the depth gradient. The pond water was seriously acidified and contaminated with heavy metals, while the well water was slightly contaminated since heavy metals were mostly retained in the surface soil. The use of pond water for irrigation resulted in considerable heavy metal contamination in the paddy soil. Compared with previous studies, the reduced heavy metal concentrations in the surface soil imply that heavy metals were transported to the other areas, such as pond. Therefore, immediate remediation of the contaminated soil and water is necessary to prevent dissemination of heavy metals and potential ecological disaster.
Platinum (Pt) metal, being nonmagnetic and with a strong spin-orbit coupling interaction, has been central in detecting the pure spin current and establishing most of the recent spin-based phenomena. ...Magnetotransport measurements, both electrical and thermal, conclusively show strong ferromagnetic characteristics in thin Pt films on the ferromagnetic insulator due to the magnetic proximity effects. The pure spin current phenomena measured by Pt, including the inverse spin Hall and the spin Seebeck effects, are thus contaminated and not exclusively established.
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