Thrombospondins are a family of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) was the first member to be identified and is a main player in tumor microenvironment. The diverse ...functions of TSP1 depend on the interactions between its structural domains and multiple cell surface molecules. TSP1 acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor by stimulating endothelial cell apoptosis, inhibiting endothelial cell migration and proliferation, and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor bioavailability and activity. In addition to angiogenesis modulation, TSP1 also affects tumor cell adhesion, invasion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis and tumor immunity. This review discusses the multifaceted and sometimes opposite effects of TSP1 on tumor progression depending on the molecular and cellular composition of the microenvironment. Clinical implications of TSP1-related compounds are also discussed.
Background
: Covid-19 has started to spread within China since the end of December 2019. Despite government’s immediate actions and strict control, more and more people were infected every day. As ...such a contagious virus can spread easily and rapidly between people, the whole country was put into lockdown and people were forced into isolation. In order to understand the impact of Covid-19 on mental health well-being, Chinese researchers have conducted several studies. However, no consistent results were obtained. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted.
Methods:
We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to find literature from December 2019 to April 2020 related to Covid-19 and mental health, among which results such as comments, letters, reviews and case reports were excluded. The incidence of anxiety and depression in the population was synthesized and discussed.
Results:
A total of 27,475 subjects were included in 12 studies. Random effect model is used to account for the data. The results showed that the incidence of anxiety was 25% (95% CI: 0.19–0.32), and the incidence of depression was 28% (95% CI: 0.17–0.38). Significant heterogeneity was detected across studies regarding these incidence estimates. Subgroup analysis included the study population and assessment tools, and sensitivity analysis was done to explore the sources of heterogeneity.
Conclusions:
Owing to the significant heterogeneity detected in studies regarding this pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression, we must interpret the results with caution. As the epidemic is ongoing, it is vital to set up a comprehensive crisis prevention system, which integrating epidemiological monitoring, screening and psychological crisis prevention and interventions.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in both men and women due to delayed diagnosis and high metastatic frequency. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound ...nanovesicles which are released by cells into body fluids such as plasma, saliva, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, semen, urine, lymphatic fluid, amniotic fluid, sputum and synovial fluid. EVs deliver almost all types of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and even pharmacological compounds. These bioactive molecules can be delivered to recipient cells to influence their biological properties, modify surrounding microenvironment and distant targets. The extensive exploration of EVs enhances our comprehension of GC biology referring to tumor growth, metastasis, immune response and evasion, chemoresistance and treatment. In this review, we will sum up the effects of GC-derived EVs to the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we will also summarize the function of microenvironment-derived EVs in GC and discuss how the bidirectional communication between tumor and microenvironment affect GC growth, metastatic behavior, immune response, and drug resistance. At last, we prospect the clinical application viewpoint of EVs in GC.
Inconel-718 has received an extensive using in mold industry. The selective laser melting (SLM) is providing an ideal means for manufacturing mold insert with complex geometrical features and ...internal architecture. During the manufacturing of high quality mold inserts with conformal cooling channel, the parameters play a vital role in the SLM process. In the study, the Inconel-718 alloys were manufactured by SLM with 2×2mm2, 3×3mm2, 5×5mm2, and 7×7mm2 island scanning strategies. The microstructure, mechanical property, and residual stress were investigated by optical microscope, tensile test and Vickers micro-indentation, respectively. It can be found that the relative density increased with enlarging the island size; the results on the microstructure indicated that the cracks and more pores were detected in the 22-specimen; whilst the microstructures of all specimens were composed of fine dendritic grains, cellular, and columnar structures; the tensile testing suggested that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of all samples was similar; while the outcome of the residual stress showed that the value of residual stress was ranked in the following sequence: 22-specimen<55-specimen<77-specimen<33-specimen. Although the 22-specimen had lower residual stress compared with the other groups, the occurrence of cracks limited its processing application in SLM. Through integrated into account, the 55-scanning strategy is a promising candidate for manufacturing of mold inserts.
•Laser scanning strategies in selective laser melted Inconel-718 were studied.•The analysis of mechanical property and residual stress were proposed.•The island scanning strategy affected the formation of pores and cracks.
The CoFeP two-dimensional nanoarrays successfully grown on N-doped electrospun carbon nanofibers (CoFeP NS@NCNF) through template-directed growth and following phosphorization treatment. The CoFeP ...NS@NCNF exhibits efficient bifunctional catalytic activities for overall water splitting.
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•Hierarchical composite consisted of CoFeP nanosheet and N-doped carbon fiber was fabricated by using PBA as precursors.•Exhibit catalytic activities for water splitting with voltage of 1.59 V at 10 mA cm−2.•Nanoarrays enlarged the active sites and have lower agglomeration.•The synergetic effects between bimetallic CoFeP and NCNF promoted the performance.
Developing high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts is significant for the overall water splitting. Bimetallic phosphides show great potential for the bifunctional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts due to the excellent catalytic performance. Herein, the CoFeP two-dimensional nanoarrays successfully grown on nitrogen doped electrospun carbon nanofibers (CoFeP NS@NCNF) through template-directed growth and following phosphorization treatment. Benefiting from the hierarchical nanoarrays structure, synergistic effect of high electrical conductivity carbon nanofiber substrate and bimetallic phosphide, the CoFeP NS@NCNF exhibits efficient bifunctional electrocatalytic activities for OER and HER in 1 M KOH with overpotentials of 268 mV (η20) and 113 mV (η10), respectively. Moreover, the CoFeP NS@NCNF coupled two-electrode system needs a low voltage of 1.59 V at 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting. This work provides a promising way for the preparation of transition metal-based electrocatalysts with hierarchical structure derived from Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) for OER and HER.
In the general code-shifted differential chaos shift keying (GCS-DCSK) system, multiple bit-streams are simultaneously carried by CS-DCSK signal using Walsh codes. However, its data rate is limited ...by the available Walsh codes in the Walsh code matrix due to orthogonality constraint of GCS-DCSK signal. In this paper, we propose a new GCS-DCSK scheme with code index modulation (CIM-CS-DCSK), which can achieve higher spectrum efficiency using code index modulation to carry additional bits. In the proposed scheme, the reference chaotic signal is the same as that of GCS-DCSK, and the multiple information bearing signals are simultaneously modulated by the information symbols and the selected Walsh codes with specific indices, which are determined by an integer sequence mapped from information symbols via the natural numbers to k-combinations mapping method. We derive bit error rate of the proposed scheme over the additive white Gaussian noise channel. The numerical results not only verify our analysis but also show the advantage of the proposed scheme over GCS-DCSK. Through analyzing and comparing the numbers of carried bits per transmitted symbol of CIM-CS-DCSK and GCS-DCSK, it is shown that the proposed scheme can obtain higher data rate than GCS-DCSK with the same resource constraints.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in gene regulation and malignant tumor progression, including uterine cervical cancer (CC). In this study, the expression profile of circRNAs in CC was detected ...using circRNA microarrays. Then, we selected hsa_circ_0000745 for further examination from the significantly dysregulated circRNAs. Proliferation assays, Transwell assays, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and tumorigenesis tests in vivo were used to validate the role of hsa_circ_0000745 in CC. hsa_circ_0000745 was upregulated in CC, and its level positively correlated with the level of its linear messenger RNA isoform. Patients with poorly differentiated tumors or vascular/lymphatic invasion presented higher expression of hsa_circ_0000745. The role of hsa_circ_0000745 was illuminated by knocking down hsa_circ_0000745 in CC cells, and the results revealed that reducing hsa_circ_0000745 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in CC by upregulating E‐cadherin (E‐cad) expression. In summary, as a tumor promoter in CC, hsa_circ_0000745 enhances the cell's ability to proliferate, migrate, and invade by reducing the expression of E‐cad. hsa_circ_0000745 is a candidate target for the treatment of CC in the clinic.
Hsa_circ_0000745 is upregulated and functions as a tumor promoter in cervical cancer. Hsa_circ_0000745 enhances the cell's ability to proliferate, migrate, and invade by reducing the expression of E‐cadherin in cervical cancer.
Quinoxaline (Q), pyrido2,3‐bpyrazine (PP) and pyrido3,4‐bpyrazine (iPP) are used as electron acceptors (A) to design a series of D–π–A‐type light‐emitting materials with different donor (D) groups. ...By adjusting the molecular torsion angles through changing D from carbazole (Cz) to 10‐dimethylacridine (DMAC) or 10H‐phenoxazine (PXZ) for a fixed A, the luminescence is tuned from normal fluorescence to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). By gradually enhancing the intramolecular charge‐transfer extent through combining different D and A, the emission color is continuously and regularly tuned from pure blue to orange–red. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) containing these compounds as doped emitters exhibit bright electroluminescence with emission colors covering the entire visible‐light range. An external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 1.2 % with excellent color coordinates of (0.16, 0.07) is obtained for the pure‐blue OLED of Q‐Cz. High ηext values of 12.9 (35.9) to 16.7 % (51.9 cd A−1) are realized in the green, yellow, and orange–red TADF OLEDs. All PP‐ and iPP‐based TADF emitters exhibit superior efficiency stabilities to that of analogues of Q. This provides a practical strategy to tune the emission color of Q, PP, and iPP derivatives with the same molecular skeletons over the entire visible‐light range.
Full rainbow of emission: Pyrido2,3‐bpyrazine, pyrido3,4‐bpyrazine, and quinoxaline are utilized to develop new light‐emitting compounds. Through an appropriate combination of donor and acceptor, it is possible to tune the normal fluorescence into thermally activated delayed fluorescence, and tune the light emission from pure blue to green, yellow, and orange–red (see figure).
Endorsement of implicit age stereotypes was assessed with the propositional evaluation paradigm (PEP) in a high-powered, preregistered study, comprising samples of young (
= 89) and older (
= 125) ...adults. To investigate whether implicit age stereotypes shape the behavior
self-stereotyping ("embodiment"), we examined whether implicit endorsement of the belief of older (young) people being cautious (reckless) predicts older (young) individuals' spontaneous behavior in a speeded response time task. In both age groups, we found significant implicit endorsement effects of age stereotypical beliefs. However, implicit endorsement effects of the cautiousness-related age stereotypes were unrelated to our indicators of spontaneous cautious/reckless behavior in the speeded RT task (as assessed with the parameter
of a diffusion model analysis) for both age groups. The same pattern of results (endorsement of age stereotypic beliefs but no relation with behavioral indicators) was found for explicit measures of age stereotypes. Replicating previous findings, implicit and explicit measures of cautiousness-related age stereotypes were uncorrelated. In sum, our findings provide evidence for the implicit and explicit endorsement of cautiousness-related stereotypical beliefs about old and young people; individual differences in belief endorsement, however, did not predict differences in spontaneous cautiousness-related behavior in a speeded RT task.
The research was studying the chromium precipitation in faucets which were extracted at ambient temperature of 20 ºC, 40 ºC and 60 ºC by extraction solution, the results showed that in general, the ...chromium extraction in the faucets increased as the temperature rises. And the chromium extraction in different batches and different samples in the same batch varied greatly, mainly affected by materials and the processing technology. After further analysis, the detection showed that Cr VI in chromium precipitation was between 83% and 103% of the total chromium content. This indicated that Cr VI was the main form of chromium in extraction solution, which will be harmful to human health.
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