The conventional approach to scalp inspection in the hairdressing industry relies on manually interpreting scalp symptom images. Hairdressers provide treatments based on visual assessment, leading to ...potential inaccuracies and misjudgments. To address these shortcomings, this article proposes a novel multimodal deep learning-based scalp inspection and diagnosis system. The proposed system employs various artificial intelligence (AI) object recognition modules, such as single-shot multibox detector (SSD)-MobileNetV2, SSD-InceptionV2, Faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN)-InceptionV2, and Faster R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous <xref rid="deqn1-deqn3" ref-type="disp-formula">(2) . These modules form a diverse scalp symptom recognition module integrated into an AI recognition server. This study included nine scalp symptoms, encompassing four primary conditions (dandruff, hair loss, gray hair, and oily hair), as well as five special conditions (folliculitis, chemical residue, mold, fungi, fungus, and psoriasis). The efficiency of the proposed system is evaluated through experiments, and adjustments are made to the neural network architecture to achieve optimal performance across diverse symptoms. The experimental results showed that Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous <xref rid="deqn1-deqn3" ref-type="disp-formula">(2) excels in recognizing chemical residue and oily hair symptoms (accuracies of 89.33% and 87.75%, respectively); Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous <xref rid="deqn4-deqn5" ref-type="disp-formula">(4) outperforms in recognizing dandruff, folliculitis, fungal, and psoriasis symptoms (accuracies ranging from 88.77% to 99.72%); and Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous <xref rid="deqn4-deqn5" ref-type="disp-formula">(4) is the best-performing method overall. Résumé -L'approche conventionnelle de l'inspection du cuir chevelure dans l'industrie de la coiffure repose sur l'interprétation manuelle des images des symptômes du cuir chevelure. Les coiffeurs fournissent des traitements sur la base d'une évaluation visuelle, ce qui entraîne des inexactitudes et des erreurs d'appréciation potentielles. Pour remédier à ces lacunes, cet article propose un nouveau système multimodal d'inspection et de diagnostic du cuir chevelure basée sur l'apprentissage profond. Le système proposé utilise divers modules de reconnaissance d'objets par intelligence artificielle (IA), tels que le détecteur multi-boîtes (SSD)-MobileNetV2, SSD-InceptionV2, le réseau neuronal convolutif régional plus rapide (R-CNN)-InceptionV2, et le R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous <xref rid="deqn1-deqn3" ref-type="disp-formula">(2) plus rapide. Ces modules forment un module diversifié de reconnaissance des symptômes du cuir chevelure intégrée dans un serveur de reconnaissance IA. Cette étude a porté sur neuf symptômes du cuir chevelure, englobant quatre affections primaires (pellicules, perte de cheveux, cheveux gris et cheveux huilés), ainsi que cinq affections spéciales (folliculite, résidus chimiques, moisissures, champignons, mycoses et psoriasis). L'efficacité du système proposé est évaluée par des expériences, et des ajustements sont apportés à l'architecture du réseau neuronal afin d'obtenir des performances optimales pour divers symptômes. Les résultats expérimentaux ont montré que Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous <xref rid="deqn1-deqn3" ref-type="disp-formula">(2) excelle dans la reconnaissance des symptômes de résidus chimiques et de cheveux huilés (précision de 89,33% et 87,75%, respectivement); Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous <xref rid="deqn4-deqn5" ref-type="disp-formula">(4) est plus performant dans la reconnaissance des symptômes de pellicules, de folliculite, de champignons et de psoriasis (précision comprise entre 88,77% et 99,72%); et Faster-R-CNN-Inception-ResNetV2-Atrous <xref rid="deqn4-deqn5" ref-type="disp-formula">(4) est la méthode la plus performante dans l'ensemble.
Nearly 20
years of industrial scale metal mining operations in Tibet have caused an impact on the region's surface water quality. However, no information with respect to the pollution has been ...provided to the public. The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical quality of the stream water and to assess the present and future potential risks of acid mine drainage to the regional and downstream environments.
This study, based on data collected in 2006, 2007 and 2008 in the Gyama valley, using the Environmental Risk Index (
I
ER) documents that elevated concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe and Al in the surface water and streambed at the upper/middle part of the valley pose a considerably high risk to the local environment. In contrast, the risk level at the stream source area is zero and only minor risk at the lower reaches. The iron and copper contamination of the upper/middle part of the river appears to be both natural and accelerated by the mining activities. The level of dissolved contaminants in the water decreases within short distance downstream due to precipitation and sorption to the streambed and strong dilution by a tributary stream and eventually by the Lhasa River.
A high content of heavy metals in the stream sediments as well as in a number of tailings with gangue and material from the ore processing, poses a great potential threat to the downstream water users. Environmental changes such as global warming or increased mining activity may increase the mobility of these pools of heavy metals.
Realistic failure process analysis, a thermal software simulation, was used to explore the scale effect of thermal cracking of rock under the thermal–mechanical coupling loading. The patterns and ...characteristics of thermal destruction were analyzed by simulating the thermal cracking of rocks with the same diameter different lengths, the same length but different diameters, and the same size ratio but different sizes (same length/diameter ratio but with different diameters). The acoustic emission and energy changes were also studied during thermal destruction. The results represented that the main forms of thermal cracking are tensile failure and shear failure. The smaller the scale is (length, diameter, and size), the more complex the pattern of thermal damage exhibited as failure patterns of inverted “S” or “V.” With the increasing scale, thermal damage models were simpler. The elastic modulus was determined by the diameter of specimens, and the peak stress was determined by the length of specimens. Overall, as the scale increased, the stress intensity decreased, but the number of acoustic emissions and acoustic emission energy and the corresponding accumulation increased.
Five new icetexane diterpenoids, namely, perovskatones B-D (1, 3, 4), 1α-hydroxybrussonol (2), and 1α-hydroxypisiferanol (5), were isolated from Perovskia atriplicifolia, together with a new natural ...product (6) and two known compounds, przewalskin E (7) and brussonol (8). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analyses of their MS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1-8 were assayed for their inhibitory hepatitis B virus activities in the HepG 2.2.15 cell line. The results suggested that compounds 1 and 2 possessed noticeable anti-hepatitis B virus activity in vitro, suppressing the replication of hepatitis B virus DNA with selectivity index values of 154.3 and 137.7, respectively.
Xenolithic eclogites are high-pressure, high-temperature garnet–clinopyroxene rocks brought from the mantle to the surface by kimberlites and other primitive magmas. Their origins have been ...controversial for decades: do they represent metamorphosed subducted oceanic crust or magmatic rocks originally crystallized in the deep earth? The answer has important implications for the definition of major Earth processes.
The extensive eclogite suite from the Roberts Victor kimberlite (South Africa) has previously been divided into two types (Type I and II); this study proposes five subgroups (IA, IB, IK; IIA, IIB) based on mineral assemblages and compositions. All of these eclogites were derived from depths of 170–200km, near the base of the contemporary subcontinental lithospheric mantle.
The fresh, microstructurally equilibrated Type IIA eclogites are the protoliths of Type I, which were heavily metasomatized by carbonatitic–kimberlitic melts/fluids to form Types IAIBIK. All the Type I rocks show extensive textural disequilibrium, and have abundant fluid inclusions, secondary phases, and higher δ18O than Type II (IA: 5.0–8.0‰; IB: 4.1–6.8‰; IK:2.2–6.8‰; IIA=3.5‰; IIB:2.2–3.9‰). Type I are richer in LREE and LILE than Type IIA; they also are isotopically more homogeneous, with higher 87Sr/86Sr and less radiogenic Nd and Hf isotopes. Type I eclogites give gnt–cpx isochron ages (SmNd (103±10Ma); LuHf (132±16Ma)) similar to the kimberlite eruption age (128±15Ma). Type IIA and IIB eclogites have unradiogenic Sr and radiogenic Nd and Hf isotopic compositions, and give a range of Proterozoic two-mineral “ages” (SmNd: 738–1143Ma; LuHf: 1148–1544Ma), reflecting some preservation of their original isotopic compositions. Type IIB are broadly similar to Type IIA, but have lower MgO; their mutual relationships are not clear.
Neither Type I nor Type II eclogites are similar to modern or Archean oceanic crust when all the chemical evidence is compared. In any case, the data from Type I eclogites cannot be used to support a “subduction model” of origin because their major- and trace-element chemistry, and radiogenic- and stable-isotope compositions, reflect the extensive metasomatism, rather than any primary characteristics.
Type II eclogites are the key samples for the study of eclogite origins. Their bulk compositions and microstructures (exsolution of gnt and rutile) suggest that most or all the garnet in Type II samples might have formed by exsolution from high-Al clinopyroxenes, crystallized from mafic–ultramafic magmas in the deep mantle. Therefore, the xenolithic eclogites from Roberts Victor Mine probably were originally magmatic rocks crystallized at depth, rather than subducted oceanic crust; as a suite, they record a major metasomatic event in the deep lithospheric mantle, close to the time of kimberlite eruption.
► Type I, II Roberts Victor eclogites can be divided into 5 subtypes. ► Type I, II eclogites give different radiogenic isotopic values and isochron ages. ► Type IA, IB, IK eclogites were formed by progressive metasomatism. ► Type IIA eclogites are the protoliths of Type I. ► Type II eclogites may have crystallized as Al-cpx cumulates from magmas, and are not subducted oceanic slabs.
Recent studies reveal that measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) reflectance provide more sensitive detection of glaucomatous damage than RNFL thickness, but most do not consider ...directional reflectance of the RNFL, an important source of variability. This study quantitatively compared RNFL directional reflectance, represented by an angular spread function (ASF), measured at different scattering angles, different wavelengths and different distances from the optic nerve head (ONH) and for bundles with different thicknesses (T). An ASF was characterized by its amplitude (A) and width (W). Internal reflectance of a bundle was expressed as A/T. The study found that A varied significantly with scattering angle and wavelength and that A/T was different among bundles but constant along the same bundle, indicating that the internal structure of axons may vary among bundles but does not change with distance. This study also found that W was larger near the ONH and at longer wavelengths, but did not depend on scattering angle or T. Because a 4.3° change in incident angle can change reflected intensity by a factor of 2.7, accounting for directional reflectance should improve the accuracy and reproducibility of RNFL reflectance measurements.
Radiotherapy is applied in about 70% patients with tumors, yet radioresistance of tumor cells remains a challenge that limits the efficacy of radiotherapy. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent lipid ...peroxidation regulated cell death, is involved in the development of a variety of tumors. Interestingly, there is evidence that ferroptosis inducers in tumor treatment can significantly improve radiotherapy sensitivity. In addition, related studies show that Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is closely related to the development of ferroptosis. The potential mechanism of targeting GSTP1 to inhibit tumor cells from evading ferroptosis leading to radioresistance has been proposed in this review, which implies that GSTP1 may play a key role in radiosensitization of lung cancer
ferroptosis pathway.
is a widespread species of fish in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans that has significant commercial worth. Its evolutionary history and phylogenetics are still poorly understood, and details on ...its intraspecific taxonomy are debatable, despite some morphological and molecular research. Here, we analyzed this species using skeletal structure data as well as nuclear (
gene) and mitochondrial genetic information (
,
and mitogenomes). We found that the genetic distance between
and
was much smaller than that between other
species, and both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees yielded almost identical tree topologies. An additional and adjacent M repeat was found in the downstream region of the IQM gene cluster of
and
, and the
gene of
was translocated. The genus
experienced early rapid radiation during the Palaeocene with major lineages diversifying within a relatively narrow timescale. Additionally, three different methods were conducted to distinguish the genus
species, proving that
and
are the same species, and
is speculated to be a valid species. Overall, our study provides new insights not only into the evolutionary history of
but its intraspecific taxonomy as well.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive technique with molecular specificity, making it an ideal analytical tool in various fields. However, the breadth of practical ...applications of SERS has been severely limited because it is still a great challenge to achieve simultaneously a high sensitivity and a high reproducibility. Herein, we report a highly controllable method to fabricate periodic bowtie SERS substrates with a narrow nanogap, high SERS enhancement, and good uniformity over a large area. The periodic bowtie template is first fabricated over a gold film by holographic lithography (HL), followed by Au deposition to obtain a conductive plasmonic bowtie array. The gap size is then narrowed down by pulsed electrodeposition of Ag simultaneously monitored in situ by electrochemical dark field spectroscopy. Thus, we are able to observe the most sensitive change in the scattering spectra when the gap is just about to merge and obtain uniform SERS substrates with a gap size down to around 5 nm. The average enhancement factor of 5 × 107 to 1 × 108 is obtained, which is 50 times larger than that from Au nanoparticle-assembled substrates and 140 times larger than that from commercial Klarite chips. This substrate offers a promising opportunity for SERS practical applications.
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