Over the past few decades, RNA sequencing has significantly progressed, becoming a paramount approach for transcriptome profiling. The revolution from bulk RNA sequencing to single-molecular, ...single-cell and spatial transcriptome approaches has enabled increasingly accurate, individual cell resolution incorporated with spatial information. Cancer, a major malignant and heterogeneous lethal disease, remains an enormous challenge in medical research and clinical treatment. As a vital tool, RNA sequencing has been utilized in many aspects of cancer research and therapy, including biomarker discovery and characterization of cancer heterogeneity and evolution, drug resistance, cancer immune microenvironment and immunotherapy, cancer neoantigens and so on. In this review, the latest studies on RNA sequencing technology and their applications in cancer are summarized, and future challenges and opportunities for RNA sequencing technology in cancer applications are discussed.
Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries have been gaining traction as not only promising low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion technology, but also as high-voltage energy storage systems. However, their ...development and sustainability are plagued by the lack of suitable electrode materials capable of allowing the reversible insertion of the large potassium ions. Here, exploration of the database for potassium-based materials has led us to discover potassium ion conducting layered honeycomb frameworks. They show the capability of reversible insertion of potassium ions at high voltages (~4 V for K
Ni
TeO
) in stable ionic liquids based on potassium bis(trifluorosulfonyl) imide, and exhibit remarkable ionic conductivities e.g. ~0.01 mS cm
at 298 K and ~40 mS cm
at 573 K for K
Mg
TeO
. In addition to enlisting fast potassium ion conductors that can be utilised as solid electrolytes, these layered honeycomb frameworks deliver the highest voltages amongst layered cathodes, becoming prime candidates for the advancement of high-energy density potassium-ion batteries.
A highly efficient g‐C3N4 photocatalyst is developed by a novel one‐pot thermal polymerization method under a salt fog environment generated by heating the aqueous solution of urea and mixed metal ...salts of NaCl/KCl, namely SF‐CN. Thanks to the synergistic effect of the oxygenation and chemical etching of the salt fog, the obtained SF‐CN is an oxygenated ultrathin porous carbon nitride with an intermolecular triazine‐heptazine heterostructure, meanwhile, shows enlarged specific surface area, greatly enhanced absorption of visible light, narrowed band gap with a lower conduction band, and an increased photocurrent response due to the effective separation of photogenerated holes and electrons, comparing to those of pristine g‐C3N4. The theoretical simulations further reveal that the triazine‐heptazine heterostructure possesses better photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) capability than pure triazine and heptazine carbon nitrides. In turn, SF‐CN demonstrates an excellent visible light PHE rate of 18.13 mmol h−1 g−1, up to 259.00 times of that of pristine g‐C3N4.
Porous g‐C3N4 ultrathin nanosheets with a distinct intermolecular triazine‐heptazine heterostructure have been judiciously developed via a facile one‐pot thermal polymerization technique under a salt fog environment of urea and mixed metal salts. Benefitting from the unique structural merits, the resulting g‐C3N4 photocatalyst demonstrates a very high‐efficient visible light hydrogen production activity.
The roles and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis (a non-apoptotic form of cell death) in cancer remain unclear. The tumour suppressor BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) encodes a nuclear ...deubiquitinating enzyme to reduce histone 2A ubiquitination (H2Aub) on chromatin. Here, integrated transcriptomic, epigenomic and cancer genomic analyses link BAP1 to metabolism-related biological processes, and identify cystine transporter SLC7A11 as a key BAP1 target gene in human cancers. Functional studies reveal that BAP1 decreases H2Aub occupancy on the SLC7A11 promoter and represses SLC7A11 expression in a deubiquitinating-dependent manner, and that BAP1 inhibits cystine uptake by repressing SLC7A11 expression, leading to elevated lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Furthermore, we show that BAP1 inhibits tumour development partly through SLC7A11 and ferroptosis, and that cancer-associated BAP1 mutants lose their abilities to repress SLC7A11 and to promote ferroptosis. Together, our results uncover a previously unappreciated epigenetic mechanism coupling ferroptosis to tumour suppression.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer‐initiating cells that are not only a source of tumorigenesis but also the cause of tumour progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. EBV‐associated gastric ...cancer (EBVaGC) is a distinct subtype of gastric cancer with unique clinicopathological and molecular features. However, whether CSCs exist in EBVaGC, and the tumorigenic mechanism of EBV, remains unclear. Here, NOD/SCID mice were injected subcutaneously with the EBVaGC cell line SNU719 and treated with 5‐fluorouracil weekly. Successive generations of xenografts yielded a highly malignant EBVaGC cell line, SNU‐4th, which displays properties of CSCs and mainly consists of CD44+CD24− cells. In SNU‐4th cells, an EBV‐encoded circRNA, ebv‐circLMP2A, expression increased and plays crucial roles in inducing and maintaining stemness phenotypes through targeting miR‐3908/TRIM59/p53 axis. Additionally, high expression of ebv‐circLMP2A is significantly associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with EBVaGC. These findings not only provide evidence for the existence of CSCs in EBVaGC and elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of ebv‐circLMP2A in EBVaGC, but also provide a promising therapeutic target for EBVaGC.
Synopsis
The circRNA LMP2A produced by the Epstein‐Barr virus induces stemness of EBV‐associated gastric cancer cells by attenuating the tumor suppressive effect of the miR‐3908/TRIM59/p53 axis, thereby promoting metastasis and tumor progression.
Cells with properties of cancer stem cells were isolated form EBV‐associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC).
The levels of an EBV‐encoded circRNA (ebv‐circLMP2A) are significantly increased in EBVaGC.
ebv‐circLMP2A has crucial roles in inducing and maintaining cancer stemness in EBVaGC.
High expression of ebv‐circLMP2A is significantly associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in EBVaGC patients.
The circRNA LMP2A produced by the Epstein‐Barr virus induces stemness of EBV‐associated gastric cancer cells by attenuating the tumor suppressive effect of the miR‐3908/TRIM59/p53 axis, thereby promoting metastasis and tumor progression.
Potassium‐ion batteries have emerged not only as low‐cost alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries, but also as high‐voltage energy storage systems. However, their development is still encumbered by the ...scarcity of high‐performance electrode materials that can endure successive potassium‐ion uptake. Herein, a hydrated Bi‐Ti bimetallic ethylene glycol (H‐Bi‐Ti‐EG) compound is reported as a new high‐capacity and stable anode material for potassium storage. H‐Bi‐Ti‐EG possesses a long‐range disordered layered framework, which helps to facilitate electrolyte ingress into the entire Bi nanoparticles. A suite of spectroscopic analyses reveals the in situ formation Bi nanoparticles within the organic polymer matrix, which can alleviate stresses caused by the huge volume expansion/contraction during deep cycles, thereby maintaining the superior structural integrity of H‐Bi‐Ti‐EG organic anode. As expected, H‐Bi‐Ti‐EG anode exhibits a high capacity and superior long‐term cycling stability. Importantly for potassium storage, it can be cycled at current densities of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 Ag−1 for 800, 700, 1000, and even 6000 cycles, retaining charging capacities of 361, 206, 185, and 85.8 mAh g−1, respectively. The scalable synthetic method along with the outstanding electrochemical performance of hydrated Bi‐Ti‐EG, which is superior to other reported Bi‐based anode materials, places it as a promising anode material for high‐performance potassium storage.
A unique Bi‐Ti bimetal ethylene glycol compound (Bi‐Ti‐EG) with a typical layered structure is developed. Importantly, hydrated Bi‐Ti‐EG can be used as a new high‐capacity anode for potassium‐ion batteries. It shows a long‐term reversible storage performance at remarkable rates due to an in situ formed structure, where ultrafine Bi nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed into the ionic conductively elastic metal–organic matrix.
Abstract
Motivation
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides. They have important functions in cell development and metabolism, such as genetic ...markers, genome rearrangements, chromatin modifications, cell cycle regulation, transcription and translation. Their functions are generally closely related to their localization in the cell. Therefore, knowledge about their subcellular locations can provide very useful clues or preliminary insight into their biological functions. Although biochemical experiments could determine the localization of lncRNAs in a cell, they are both time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop bioinformatics tools for fast and effective identification of their subcellular locations.
Results
We developed a sequence-based bioinformatics tool called 'iLoc-lncRNA' to predict the subcellular locations of LncRNAs by incorporating the 8-tuple nucleotide features into the general PseKNC (Pseudo K-tuple Nucleotide Composition) via the binomial distribution approach. Rigorous jackknife tests have shown that the overall accuracy achieved by the new predictor on a stringent benchmark dataset is 86.72%, which is over 20% higher than that by the existing state-of-the-art predictor evaluated on the same tests.
Availability and implementation
A user-friendly webserver has been established at http://lin-group.cn/server/iLoc-LncRNA, by which users can easily obtain their desired results.
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Understanding the formation of SEI films on Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anodes offers a major benefit to large-scale applications of lithium ion batteries made therefrom. This paper reveals that an SEI film is ...formed above 1 V due to the interfacial reaction between the electrode and electrolyte: LTO anodes are previously considered free from SEI films when cycled between 1 and 3 V. The reactivity and the formation of SEI films are much affected by the morphology and surface area of the electrode. To study the above, LTO powders with different morphologies are synthesized using lithium acetate (LA) and lithium hydroxide (LH) as the lithium sources. LTO–LH consisting of agglomerates of primary small particles with a large surface area has higher reactivity than LTO–LA with a cubic structure and small surface area. As a result, the LTO–LH anode with a smooth SEI film offers better cyclic performance than the LTO–LA anode with a porous SEI film. The addition of vinylene carbonate to the electrolyte facilitates rapid formation of a protective SEI film on LTO–LA, greatly improving the rate and cyclic performance: stable specific capacity of 155.6 mAh g−1 and remarkable 135.2 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 10 C are recorded.
•An SEI film can be formed on the surface of Li4Ti5O12 anode even above 1 V.•The formation of SEI film is much affected by the morphology of the electrode.•It is assumed that the SEI film has a significant effect on cyclic performance of Li4Ti5O12 electrode.•It is found that vinylene carbonate (VC) helps rapid formation of a protective SEI film on Li4Ti5O12.
Abstract Four benzofuran-conjugated iridium(III) or rhodium (III)-based metal complexes are synthesized to screen as an inhibitor of STAT3 activity in prostate cancer cells. All complexes show the ...high stability and solubility in the biological system. In this study, an iridium(III) complex engages STAT3 and NF-κB to inhibit their translocation and transcriptional activities. Moreover, complex 1 shows more potential antiproliferative activity against DU145 cells and suppresses tumor growth in a prostate cancer xenograft mouse without observable adverse effects. Complex 1 may provide the basis for developing new therapeutic strategy in vivo and in vitro for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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