The TanDEM-X mission has the goal to deliver a digital elevation model (DEM) that fulfils HRTI-3 quality requirements on a global scale. The interferometric height is determined by the phase ...difference between the two acquired images and the spatial geometry. Baseline errors intrinsic of the bi-static SAR configuration combined with errors and drifts of the radar instrument introduce phase inaccuracies in the interferogram. Therefore, an accurate calibration of the interferometric system parameters and independent height references are required. In order to validate the DEM calibration concept with real interferometric data, a measurement campaign was carried out with the experimental airborne radar system (E-SAR) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen. This paper will present some of the various results from these interferometric experiments, stressing on the quality assessment of the ICESat GLAS14 elevation data, which will be a key aspect in a successful TanDEM-X DEM generation.
The aim of this study was to elucidate whether sex or pregnancy state might affect the content and/or pattern of gangliosides from the forebrain, cerebellum and brain stem of rats. Adult male, mother ...(1-day after offspring) and nonpregnant rats of similar age were analyzed. Non-significant differences in ganglioside concentrations and patterns were found for the respective neural area of adult male and female rats except for a decrease in cerebellum and brain stem content from mothers and 12.0 months-old males, respectively. Thus, it seems that neither sex nor pregnancy hormones affect these parameters. By contrast, significant differences were found for pattern and ganglioside contents between adult (male and female) rats and newborns (1 day-old). Newborns showed a significant decrease in their forebrain (2.5-fold), cerebellum (2.0-fold) and brain stem (2.0-fold) ganglioside content when compared with adult (male and female) rats. Significant increases (p less than 0.001) were found in the phospholipid and cholesterol contents in the different brain areas in mothers versus their newborns. The phospholipid pattern also showed significant changes in all brain areas, with an increase (p less than 0.001) in phosphatidylethanolamine percentage in adult animals, among the main variations. An explanation for these facts is suggested.
The present work aims at studying different microwave flowing discharges containing Ar and/or NO as alternative candidates to more extended N2 containing plasma mixtures like N2-O2. Optical Emission ...Spectroscopy (OES) is used to demonstrate the potential possibilities of these plasma mixtures to provide O* and UV intermediate species demanded for sterilization purposes at low temperatures and extended discharge gaps. Additionally, some plasma sterilization experiments with Escherichia coli cultures are presented.
The paper investigates socially optimal patterns of economic growth and environmental quality in a neoclassical growth model with endogenous technological progress. In the model, the environmental ...quality affects positively not only to utility but also to production. However, cleaner technologies can be used in the economy whether a part of the output is used in environmentally oriented R&D. In this framework, if the initial level of capital is low then the shadow price of a cleaner technology is low relative to the cost of developing it given by the marginal utility of consumption and it is not worth investing in R&D. Thus, there will be a first stage of growth based only on the accumulation of capital with a decreasing environmental quality until the moment that pollution is great enough to make profitable the investment in R&D. After this turning point, if the new technologies are efficient enough, the economy can evolve along a balanced growth path with an increasing environmental quality. The result is that the optimal investment pattern supports an environmental Kuznets curve.
The effect of the AlOx barrier thickness on magnetic and morphological properties of Ta/Co/(AlOx)/Alq3/Si hybrid structures was systematically studied by means of atomic force microscopy, SQUID ...magnetometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). All used techniques pointed out that the barrier thickness of 2 nm is required to obtain a magnetically good cobalt layer on top of Alq3. 59Co NMR measurements revealed that the AlOx barrier gives rise to the formation of an interface layer with "defective" cobalt favouring growth of "bulk" cobalt with good magnetic properties.
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