We present three-particle mixed-harmonic correlations 〈cos(mϕa+nϕb−(m+n)ϕc)〉 for harmonics m,n=1−3 for charged particles in sNN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. These measurements provide ...information on the three-dimensional structure of the initial collision zone and are important for constraining models of a subsequent low-viscosity quark–gluon plasma expansion phase. We investigate correlations between the first, second and third harmonics predicted as a consequence of fluctuations in the initial state. The dependence of the correlations on the pseudorapidity separation between particles show hints of a breaking of longitudinal invariance. We compare our results to a number of state-of-the art hydrodynamic calculations with different initial states and temperature dependent viscosities. These measurements provide important steps towards constraining the temperature dependent viscosity and longitudinal structure of the initial state at RHIC.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, with multiple genetic and environmental factors involving in its etiology. ACE and eNOS gene were considered to have ...important roles in the development and progression of DN. In this study, a case–control study was carried out to investigate the effects of 7 SNPs in ACE gene and 2 SNPs in eNOS gene in the development of DN in Northern China.7 SNPs including A240T, A2350G, A5466C, A2215G, T3892C, C1237T and C3409T of ACE gene and 2 SNPs (G894T and T786C) of eNOS gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. 431 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (cases) were compared to 420 type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy (controls) in the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 and HaploView software. The frequency distribution of A2350G, 4 haplotyps in ACE gene and G894T in eNOS gene were demonstrated to be different between case and control groups significantly. Whereas other SNPs and haplotypes had no differences in two cohorts. The results revealed that variations of ACE and eNOS gene had association with DN, which indicated ACE and eNOS gene may play an important role in pathogenesis of DN in Northern Chinese Han population.
To evaluate and explore the mechanism of the effect of hypertonic pre-injection on postoperative delirium in the aged.
From June 2016 to February 2017, participants scheduled hip arthroplasty surgery ...were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (H1) 30 patients pre-injected 4 ml/kg hypertonic solution were proceeded general anesthesia; Group 2 (H2) 30 patients pre-injected 4 ml/kg hypertonic solution were proceeded spinal canal anesthesia; Group 3 (C1) 30 patients pre-injected 4 ml/kg isotonic saline were proceeded general anesthesia; Group 4 (C2) 30 patients pre-injected 4 ml/kg isotonic saline were proceeded spinal canal anesthesia in Department of Anesthesiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University.All these patients were operated after anesthesia.To avoid electrolyte disorder, the level of Na(+) , Ca(2+) , K(+) in the artery blood was analyzed.Peripheral venous blood was extracted to detect the concentration of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and nerve injury factor S100β.In order
Dynamic response analysis is presented for a Reissner–Mindlin plate with four free edges resting on a tensionless elastic foundation of the Winkler-type and Pasternak-type. The mechanical loads ...consist of transverse partially distributed impulsive loads and in-plane static edge loads while the temperature field is assumed to exhibit a linear variation through the thickness of the plate. The material properties are assumed to be independent of temperature. The two cases of initially compressed plates and of initially heated plates are considered. The formulations are based on Reissner–Mindlin first-order shear deformation plate theory and include the plate–foundation interaction and thermal effects. A set of admissible functions is developed for the dynamic response analysis of moderately thick plates with four free edges. The Galerkin method, the Gauss–Legendre quadrature procedure and the Runge–Kutta technique are employed in conjunction with this set of admissible functions to determine the deflection-time and bending moment–time curves, as well as shape mode curves. An iterative scheme is developed to obtain numerical results without using any assumption on the shape of the contact region. The numerical illustrations concern moderately thick plates with four free edges resting on tensionless elastic foundations of the Winkler-type and Pasternak-type, from which results for conventional elastic foundations are obtained as comparators. The results confirm that the plate will have stronger dynamic behavior than its counterpart when it is supported by a tensionless elastic foundation.
The geological research and exploration evaluation of marine-continental transitional shale gas are lagging behind the rapid development of marine and continental shale-gas resources in China. To ...investigate the shale-gas potential of the lower Permian Shanxi and Taiyuan formations in the southern North China Basin, a series of measurements on representative core samples were conducted to characterise shale features, including sedimentary environment, organic geochemistry, mineral composition, pore structure and gas-bearing capacity. The average total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Shanxi and Taiyuan shales reaches 1.68 and 2.26 wt%, respectively, and deposition took place in environments of rapidly changing depositional conditions, where predominantly gas-generating type III kerogen was preserved in the sediments. Regarding the sedimentary environments, different microfacies can affect effective thickness, abundance of organic matter, mineral composition and gas content in the Shanxi and Taiyuan formations. In addition, TOC content, inertinite, chlorite, thermal maturity and pyrite have significant impacts on gas contents. Although the Shanxi-Taiyuan shales are not comparable with gas-producing shales in the USA, there are some similarities in shale reservoir parameters such as the relatively higher organic richness (>2.0 wt% TOC) and gas content (∼2.0 m
3
/t) than in the well-developed Longmaxi and Yanchang shales. Consequently, the Shanxi-Taiyuan shales could be classified as potential shale-gas targets owing to their relatively favourable reservoir properties and gas accumulation. However, some complex geological conditions, such as the greater burial depth (>3500 m), higher clay content (>45%), deficiency of organic-matter hosted pores but other well-developed types of pore-microfracture, extremely high thermal maturity (>3.0% R
o
), several large unsealed faults, etc. may impact gas production in the study areas. Therefore, local geological conditions should be fully considered for the exploration and development of transitional shale gas in the southern North China Basin.
KEY POINTS
Main controlling factors of shale-gas content in transitional Shanxi-Taiyuan shales.
Influence of sedimentary microfacies on shale reservoir parameters.
Detailed investigation of transitional shale-gas potential in southern North China Basin, China.
Isoflurane can induce widespread cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that isoflurane induces apoptosis partly by causing excessive calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via direct activation ...of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R). Rat pheochromocytoma cells cultured for seven days with nerve growth factor were divided into four groups: control group (C), IP3R antagonist group (X), isoflurane group (I) and isoflurane + IP3R antagonist group (I+X). Groups I and I+X were treated with 1 MAC isoflurane for 12 h. Groups X and I+X were pretreated with IP3R antagonist. Annexin V/PI apoptosis and TUNEL assays were performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. TEM was used to observe changes in cell ultrastructure. Changes in calcium concentration (Ca(2+)i) in the cytoplasm were measured by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate IP3R mRNA expression. TEM showed that isoflurane treatment altered cell ultrastructure. Compared to group C, cell apoptosis rate and Ca(2+)i increased in groups I and I+X (P < 0.05). Compared to group C, IP3R mRNA expression was lower in group X and higher in group I (P < 0.05). Compared to group X, cell apoptosis rate, Ca(2+)i and IP3R mRNA expression increased in groups I and I+X (P < 0.05). Compared to group I, cell apoptosis rate, Ca(2+)i and IP3R mRNA expression decreased in group I+X (P < 0.05). These results suggest that exposure to 1 MAC isoflurane for 12 h causes excessive calcium release partly by direct activation of IP3R on the ER membrane and triggers cell apoptosis.
Both the single infection of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV) or papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) and double infection of PRSV and PLDMV or PapMV which cause ...indistinguishable symptoms, threaten the papaya industry in Hainan Island, China. In this study, a multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was developed to detect simultaneously the three viruses based on their distinctive melting temperatures (Tms): 81.0±0.8°C for PRSV, 84.7±0.6°C for PLDMV, and 88.7±0.4°C for PapMV. The multiplex real-time RT-PCR method was specific and sensitive in detecting the three viruses, with a detection limit of 1.0×10(1), 1.0×10(2), and 1.0×10(2) copies for PRSV, PLDMV, and PapMV, respectively. Indeed, the reaction was 100 times more sensitive than the multiplex RT-PCR for PRSV, and 10 times more sensitive than multiplex RT-PCR for PLDMV. Field application of the multiplex real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that some non-symptomatic samples were positive for PLDMV by multiplex real-time RT-PCR but negative by multiplex RT-PCR, whereas some samples were positive for both PRSV and PLDMV by multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay but only positive for PLDMV by multiplex RT-PCR. Therefore, this multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay provides a more rapid, sensitive and reliable method for simultaneous detection of PRSV, PLDMV, PapMV and their mixed infections in papaya.
A new ignition method of the spark gap based on plasma ejection is proposed in this paper, as the conventional trigatron spark gap performs poorly under the low working coefficient (the ratio of the ...charging voltage to the self‐breakdown voltage) in air. The plasma is generated by the capillary discharge, which has high pressure, high temperature and high velocity. The capillary discharge device is placed inside the low voltage electrode. As long as the triggering signal is sent to the device, a column of the plasma flow is ejected in axial direction and develops rapidly towards the high voltage electrode. Subsequently, the gap is broken down and a high resistive channel is formed, where the thermal ionization takes place and the arc across the whole gap is generated and develops into a well conductive channel. The process of the thermal ionization of the high resistive channel varies with the change of the spark gap distance. The breakdown delay and the delay jitter of the spark gap increase with the spark gap distance, as both parameters are mainly determined by the developing process of the plasma ejection. The characteristics of the plasma flow determine the possibility of the breakdown of the spark gap under the low working coefficient. The ignition method based on capillary plasma ejection has been proved by the preliminary experiments, which indicate that under the gap length of 8 cm and the working coefficient of less than 3%, the effective ignition is still achievable.
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