Endocrine therapy is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer; however, relapse occurs in most patients with few treatment options available after recurrence. To overcome this therapeutic ...hurdle, the identification of new molecular targets is a critical issue. The capability to proliferate in three-dimensional (3D) conditions is a characteristic property of cancer cells. Therefore, factors that regulate 3D growth are considered rational targets for cancer therapy. Here, we applied a functional genomic approach to the 3D spheroid cell culture model and identified TRIB1, a member of the Trib family of serine/threonine kinase-like proteins, as an essential factor for prostate cancer cell growth and survival. RNAi-mediated silencing of TRIB1 suppressed prostate cancer cell growth selectively under the 3D conditions. This effect was rescued by ectopic expression of an RNAi-resistant TRIB1 exogene. Gene signature-based analysis revealed that TRIB1 was related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathways in prostate cancer and was required for expression of the ER chaperone GRP78, which is critical for prostate tumorigenesis. Of note, GRP78 was expressed preferentially in a subpopulation of prostate cancer cells that possess tumor-propagating potential, and these tumor-propagating cells were highly sensitive to TRIB1 and GRP78 depletion. In a xenograft model of human prostate cancer, TRIB1 depletion strongly inhibited tumor formation. Supporting these observations, we documented frequent overexpression of TRIB1 in clinical specimens of prostate cancer. Overall, our results indicated that the TRIB1-ER chaperone axis drives prostate tumorigenesis and the survival of the tumor-propagating cells.
The derailment coefficient, which is calculated based on the wheel-rail contact forces, indicates the running safety of a railway vehicle with respect to flange climb derailment. The value of the ...derailment coefficient changes constantly due to numerous factors associated with the vehicle and track conditions while the vehicle runs on a service line. Therefore, it is desirable to monitor the state of the wheel/rail contact in order to ensure the running safety. Recently, a new monitoring bogie, which can measure the derailment coefficient during commercial operations, has been developed and introduced into some service lines. Large-scale data have been collected by this monitoring bogie. In this paper, the temporal subtraction analysis is carried out for preparing appropriate plan for reducing the derailment coefficient based on these data. In the analysis, the vehicle running position is important for accurate calculation of the difference between two waveforms. However, the vehicle running position contains errors because of the accumulated error of integral calculation of the vehicle velocity. The present paper proposes a method which modifies the running position along track so that the two waveforms are well matched. The proposed method is based on DP matching, and the waveforms of the track irregularity of twist estimated by the monitoring bogie are used in the method. After DP matching, an example of temporal subtraction analysis of the derailment coefficient between two periods is performed. Finally, by using the long-term measurements acquired by the monitoring bogie, the monthly variation of the derailment coefficient for a certain spot on the track is shown as a practical example.
It is important to secure running safety of railway vehicles against wheel-climb derailment accidents. The safety is often discussed according to the value of derailment coefficients for the leading ...outside wheel of a railway bogie running on sharp curves. Therefore, the detailed force induced mechanism which influences the value of derailment coefficients should be clarified. One of the most dominant factors affecting the value of derailment coefficients is magnitudes of the coefficient of friction (COF) between wheel and rail. Since the gauge corner of the outer rail and the top of the inner rail are lubricated at some sharp curves, COF of wheels of a bogie are different from each other and show complicated variation. In this study, the effect of lubrication for the running safety of the railway bogie is investigated while considering the detailed force induced mechanism of the derailment coefficient increase utilizing both multibody dynamics simulations and experiments. Experiments and simulations are conducted with a roller-rig test equipment under various conditions of wheel/rail lubrication. In this research, a method to identify whether the bogie is in suitably lubricated condition in terms of running safety is discussed. The proposed method making use of the longitudinal force measurement with mono-link type axle supporting device is mentioned.
The derailment coefficient is calculated from wheel-rail contact forces and it indicates the running safety of the railway vehicle especially in sharp curves. The derailment coefficient is affected ...by many factors such as the track irregularities, the vehicle parameters and the friction characteristics between wheel and rail. Therefore, monitoring of the derailment coefficient is desired to evaluate the running safety of the vehicle. Recently, a new monitoring bogie which can collect time series data of the derailment coefficient during commercial operation has been developed, and a large scale data is collected. However, there was no way to use such a data efficiently because an efficient method and an analysis tool have not been developed. In this research, a new analysis tool which can easily handle a large scale data and assist analysis of the derailment coefficient has been designed using MATLAB. In addition to measuring the derailment coefficient, the wheel load reduction and the track irregularity of twist are also measured. The tool can extract points where the derailment coefficient increases from a large scale data, and quickly show detailed information. On the basis of the information displayed on the user-interface, the data analyst can identify factors that increase the derailment coefficient. Not only analysis focused on a particular curve, but also the tool has the function for comparison of some curves. Analysis of the time change of the derailment coefficient is also possible. This paper shows the basic design of the analysis tool and gives some examples of analysis using this tool.
To estimate the safety against flange-climb derailments the safety measures based on Nadal's formula have been used in the world. These measures are effective, but the safety margin against ...flange-climb cannot be estimated quantitively because the actual friction condition between rail and wheel flange cannot be measured by conventional methods. In this paper, the authors propose a new method for the estimation of the friction condition between rail and wheel flange, and using the estimated value of the friction coefficients, a safety measure, the “flange-climb index” (FCI), is proposed. The value of FCI can evaluate the margin for the safety against flange-climb occurrences quantitatively according to the friction conditions.
•Y/Q in Nadal's formula cannot examine the margin against flange-climb occurrence quantitatively.•The authors propose a new safety measure index FCI against flange-climb derailments.•FCI can quantitatively estimate the margin against flange-climb occurrences.•FCI is calculated considering the friction coefficient between wheel flange and rail.•The friction coefficient can be estimated by look-up tables created by MBD simulations.
This study researches the seals of temples and offices and owners impressed on documents in Dunhuang Miji (Tonkou Hikyuu) Collection belonging to the Kyo-U Library and specifies their provenance. ...There are some mistakes in the index and photocatalogue volumes of Dunhuang Miji Collection, but this study is based on previous studies that made it possible to consider the relationship between the transcribers or the previous owners and each inscription of seals. And several important insights are acquired to know the relation to the other Dunhuang and Turfan collections in Japan. Adapted from the source document
This paper describes self-organization of Pb0.7Sn0.3Te quantum dots (QDs) in a CdTe matrix and their photoluminescence (PL) properties by comparing with those of PbTe QDs in the same matrix. Owning ...to the large interface tension by the lattice-type mismatch of this heterosystem, postgrowth annealing brought a Pb0.7Sn0.3Te/CdTe quantum well into highly symmetric Pb0.7Sn0.3Te/CdTe QDs similar to the case of PbTe/CdTe heterosystem but with a little smaller QD size. Temperature dependent midinfrared PL spectra of these Pb0.7Sn0.3Te/CdTe and PbTe/CdTe QDs were explained by a theoretical calculation using the effective mass approximation and deformation potentials.
► Lattice-type mismatched epitaxy. ► Self-organization of PbSnTe quantum dots. ► Midinfrared photoluminescence.
The derailment coefficient, which is calculated based on the wheel-rail contact forces, indicates the running safety of a railway vehicle with respect to flange climb derailment. The value of the ...derailment coefficient changes constantly due to numerous factors associated with the vehicle and track conditions while the vehicle runs on a service line. Therefore, it is desirable to monitor the state of the wheel/rail contact in order to ensure the running safety. Recently, a new monitoring bogie, which can measure the derailment coefficient during commercial operations, has been developed and introduced into some service lines. Large-scale data have been collected by this monitoring bogie. In this paper, the temporal subtraction analysis is carried out for preparing appropriate plan for reducing the derailment coefficient based on these data. In the analysis, the vehicle running position is important for accurate calculation of the difference between two waveforms. However, the vehicle running position contains errors because of the accumulated error of integral calculation of the vehicle velocity. The present paper proposes a method which modifies the running position along track so that the two waveforms are well matched. The proposed method is based on DP matching, and the waveforms of the track irregularity of twist estimated by the monitoring bogie are used in the method. After DP matching, an example of temporal subtraction analysis of the derailment coefficient between two periods is performed. Finally, by using the long-term measurements acquired by the monitoring bogie, the monthly variation of the derailment coefficient for a certain spot on the track is shown as a practical example.
This paper describes molecular beam epitaxial growth and photoluminescence properties of single-crystalline Pb 0.7 Sn 0.3 Te nanodots embedded in a wide bandgap CdTe host matrix. These nanodots were ...self-organized by postgrowth annealing of a lattice-type mismatched Pb 0.7 Sn 0.3 Te(rocksalt)/CdTe(zincblende) single quantum well. A highly efficient midinfrared emission in the 3∼5μm atmospheric window was observed from the nanodots even at higher temperatures than 300K. By considering both effects of strain-induced band deformation and quantum confinement in nanodot potentials, the emission energy observed was found to agree with the theoretical transition energy in the type I quantum well.
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