Mocan T, Iancu C. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:1945–1954. At the author’s request, the Editor and Publisher of International Journal of Nanomedicine wish to retract the published article. Authors ...concerns were raised regarding the alleged duplication of images in Figure 4. Specifically, * Figure 4, CD4+, ESC appears to have been duplicated with the same image from Figure 4, CD4+, MWCNTs, which has been rotated. * Figure 4, CD8+, ESC appears to have been duplicated with the same image from Figure 4, CD8+, MWCNTs, which has been rotated. The authors explained the duplication was an error which occurred during the collection and saving of the images. The authors provided some of the original images relating to Figure 4. The authors requested to retract the article and the Editor agreed with this decision. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”. This retraction relates to this paper
Abstract Background The benefits and risks of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy may be different for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) compared with more stable presentations. ...Objectives This study sought to assess the benefits and risks of 30 versus 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy among patients undergoing coronary stent implantation with and without MI. Methods The Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study, a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, compared 30 versus 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting. The effect of continued thienopyridine on ischemic and bleeding events among patients initially presenting with versus without MI was assessed. The coprimary endpoints were definite or probable stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The primary safety endpoint was GUSTO (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Arteries) moderate or severe bleeding. Results Of 11,648 randomized patients (9,961 treated with drug-eluting stents, 1,687 with bare-metal stents), 30.7% presented with MI. Between 12 and 30 months, continued thienopyridine reduced stent thrombosis compared with placebo in patients with and without MI at presentation (MI group, 0.5% vs. 1.9%, p < 0.001; no MI group, 0.4% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.001; interaction p = 0.69). The reduction in MACCE for continued thienopyridine was greater for patients with MI (3.9% vs. 6.8%; p < 0.001) compared with those with no MI (4.4% vs. 5.3%; p = 0.08; interaction p = 0.03). In both groups, continued thienopyridine reduced MI (2.2% vs. 5.2%, p < 0.001 for MI; 2.1% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.001 for no MI; interaction p = 0.15) but increased bleeding (1.9% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.005 for MI; 2.6% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.007 for no MI; interaction p = 0.21). Conclusions Compared with 12 months of therapy, 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy reduced the risk of stent thrombosis and MI in patients with and without MI, and increased bleeding. (The Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study The DAPT Study; NCT00977938 )
The reconstruction of an orbit after complex craniofacial fractures can be extremely demanding. For satisfactory functional and aesthetic results, it is necessary to restore the orbital walls and the ...craniofacial skeleton using various types of materials. The reconstruction materials can be divided into autografts (bone or cartilage tissue) or allografts (metals, ceramics, or plastic materials, and combinations of these materials). Over time, different types of materials have been used, considering characteristics such as their stability, biocompatibility, cost, safety, and intraoperative flexibility. Although the ideal material for orbital reconstruction could not be unanimously identified, much progress has been achieved in recent years. In this article, we summarise the advantages and disadvantages of each category of reconstruction materials. We also provide an update on improvements in material properties through various modern processing techniques. Good results in reconstructive surgery of the orbit require both material and technological innovations.
The iron storage proteins, ferritin and hemosiderin, enable electron microscopic visualization thanks to their electron-dense iron content, which is not present in other compounds involved in ...transport or metabolism of iron such as transferrin, lactoferrin, or hemoglobin. It is this electron density which contributed to the unraveling of stages in absorption, transport, deposition, storage, and release of iron. In recent years, additional methods of investigation have further supported the information achieved by the ultrastructural studies. Even while using new analytical methods, the seminal morphological observations remain valid for understanding the role of iron in health and disease. In this review, we will illustrate a few basic findings of electron microscopy in humans, experimental animals, and cell cultures. The importance of H chain ferritin as a transporter across the blood–brain barrier is just an example of a new role revealed for an “old” storage protein, explaining some controversial observations on the presence of iron in the brain.
With the increasing incidences of orbital wall injuries, effective reconstruction materials and techniques are imperative for optimal clinical outcomes. In this literature review, we delve into the ...efficacy and potential advantages of using titanium implants coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite for the reconstruction of the orbital wall. Titanium implants, recognized for their durability and mechanical strength, when combined with the osteoconductive properties of hydroxyapatite, present a potentially synergistic solution. The purpose of this review was to critically analyze the recent literature and present the state of the art in orbital wall reconstruction using titanium implants coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite. This review offers clinicians detailed insight into the benefits and potential drawbacks of using titanium implants coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite for orbital wall reconstruction. The highlighted results advocate for its benefits in terms of osseointegration and provide a novel strategy for orbital reconstruction, though further studies are essential to establish long-term efficacy and address concerns.
The V-ATPase is the main regulator of intra-organellar acidification. Assembly of this complex has extensively been studied in yeast, while limited knowledge exists for man. We identified 11 male ...patients with hemizygous missense mutations in ATP6AP1, encoding accessory protein Ac45 of the V-ATPase. Homology detection at the level of sequence profiles indicated Ac45 as the long-sought human homologue of yeast V-ATPase assembly factor Voa1. Processed wild-type Ac45, but not its disease mutants, restored V-ATPase-dependent growth in Voa1 mutant yeast. Patients display an immunodeficiency phenotype associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, hepatopathy and a spectrum of neurocognitive abnormalities. Ac45 in human brain is present as the common, processed ∼40-kDa form, while liver shows a 62-kDa intact protein, and B-cells a 50-kDa isoform. Our work unmasks Ac45 as the functional ortholog of yeast V-ATPase assembly factor Voa1 and reveals a novel link of tissue-specific V-ATPase assembly with immunoglobulin production and cognitive function.
Human diseases arise in a complex ecosystem composed of disease mechanisms and the whole-body state. However, the precise nature of the whole-body state and its relations with disease remain obscure. ...Here we map similarities among clinical parameters in normal physiological settings, including a large collection of metabolic, hemodynamic, and immune parameters, and then use the mapping to dissect phenotypic states. We find that the whole-body state is faithfully represented by a quantitative two-dimensional model. One component of the whole-body state represents 'metabolic syndrome' (MetS) - a conventional way to determine the cardiometabolic state. The second component is decoupled from the classical MetS, suggesting a novel 'non-classical MetS' that is characterized by dozens of parameters, including dysregulated lipoprotein parameters (e.g. low free cholesterol in small high-density lipoproteins) and attenuated cytokine responses of immune cells to ex vivo stimulations. Both components are associated with disease, but differ in their particular associations, thus opening new avenues for improved personalized diagnosis and treatment. These results provide a practical paradigm to describe whole-body states and to dissect complex disease within the ecosystem of the human body.
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGCA) type IV is defined as a heterogeneous group of inborn errors featuring in common 3-MGCA and associated with primary mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a ...spectrum of multisystem conditions. We studied four patients who presented at birth with a clinical picture simulating a primary mitochondrial hepatic disorder consistent with the MEGDEL syndrome including 3-MGCA, sensorineural deafness, encephalopathy and a brain magnetic resonance imaging with signs of Leigh disease. All affected children displayed biochemical features consistent with mitochondrial OXPHOS dysfunction including hepatic mitochondrial DNA depletion in one patient. Homozygosity mapping identified a candidate locus on 6q25.2-6q26. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified two novel homozygous mutations in SERAC1 recently reported to harbor mutations in MEGDEL syndrome. Both mutations were found to lead to decreased or absent expression of SERAC1. The present findings indicate that infantile hepatopathy is a cardinal feature of MEGDEL syndrome. We thus propose to rename the disease MEGDHEL syndrome.
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The discovery of pits/caveolae in the plasmalemma advanced the study of macromolecule internalization. “Transcytosis” describes the transport of macromolecular cargo from one front of ...a polarized cell to the other within membrane-bounded carrier(s), via endocytosis, intracellular trafficking and exocytosis. Clathrin-mediated transcytosis is used extensively by epithelial cells, while caveolae-mediated transcytosis mostly occurs in endothelial cells. The internalization pathways were monitored by various markers, including radioisotopes, nanoparticles, enzymes, immunostains, and fluorophores. We describe an internalization pathway identified using a naturally-occurring biomarker, in vivo assembled ferritin, containing electron-dense iron cores. Iron, an essential trace metal for most living species and iron homeostasis, is crucial for cellular life. Ferritin is a ubiquitous and highly conserved archeoprotein whose main function is to store a reserve iron supply inside the cytoplasm in a non-toxic form. Ferritin is present in all organisms which have a metabolic requirement for iron and in even in organisms whose taxonomic rank is very low. The newborns of the blind mole, Spalax ehrenbergi, are born and live in a hypoxic environment and have significant iron overload in their liver and heart, but their iron metabolism has not been previously studied. These newborns, which are evolutionarily adapted to fluctuations in the environmental oxygen, have a unique ability to sequester transplacental iron and store it in ferritin without any signs of iron toxicity. Using the ferrihydrite cores of ferritin, we were able to monitor the ferritin internalization from portals of its entry into the cytosol of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes and into the lysosomes.
Dans un contexte d’inflation du nombre de demandes de prises en charge en pédopsychiatrie, les unités d’hospitalisation pour adolescents sont de plus en plus sollicitées. Notre objectif est de ...déterminer les facteurs prédictifs de la durée d’hospitalisation en unité pour adolescents dans un service hospitalo-universitaire.
Il s’agit d’une étude catamnestique, rétrospective, sur deux ans. Tous les dossiers de patients (n=191) ayant été hospitalisés dans deux unités d’hospitalisation pour adolescents d’un service hospitalo-universitaire de pédopsychiatrie ne disposant que d’unités fermées ont été repris.
La durée d’hospitalisation moyenne dans notre population était de 96jours (DS=101, min=1, max=600, médiane 67). Dans les analyses multivariées, les variables statistiquement associées à une durée d’hospitalisation plus longue étaient un diagnostic de schizophrénie, de trouble du comportement alimentaire, la présence d’idées suicidaires, un score à l’échelle d’évaluation globale du fonctionnement (EGF) bas à l’admission, l’existence d’une mesure éducative, et une orientation vers une structure de soins ambulatoire de type centre d’activité thérapeutique à temps partiel (CATTP) ou hôpital de jour (HDJ). Ce modèle prédisait près de 40 % de la variance de la durée d’hospitalisation.
On retrouve des effets indépendants de facteurs pronostiques cliniques et fonctionnels sur la durée de prise en charge hospitalière. Le poids des facteurs socio-éducatifs et liés à l’orientation ultérieure dans le système de soins pose la question des fonctions éventuelles de l’hospitalisation (de crise, ou d’accompagnement vers un projet ambulatoire), voire des limites de notre discipline dans ses articulations avec les champs médico-social et sanitaire.
In a context of increasing needs for child and adolescent psychiatry, psychiatric inpatient units are more and more solicited. We aim here to determine the factors predicting the length of stay (LOS) in an adolescent psychiatric unit.
We conducted a monocentric retrospective chart-review study based on all medical charts of adolescents who had been hospitalized in two full-time hospitalization units for adolescents in a university-based child psychiatry service (n=191).
The mean LOS in this sample was 96 days (SD=101, min=1, max=600, median 67). In multivariate analyses, the variables statistically associated with LOS were: a diagnosis of schizophrenia, an eating disorder, presence of suicidal ideation, a low score on the Children's Global Assessment of Functioning (C-GAF) scale at admission, having an educational measure, and being addressed at discharge to a part-time ambulatory care center. This model predicted around 40% of the LOS variance.
The association between clinical and functional factors and the LOS are independent. The contribution of other factors (e.g., social factors and due to the health care system) raises questions about the objectives of inpatient treatment (i.e., crisis interventions, or developing the outpatient health care project via collaborative works with other professions).
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