Highlights • We examined the effect of neonatal olfactory bulbectomy (nOBX) at pre-pubertal and post-pubertal age. • Behavior and Binding of NMDA receptors were assessed. • Alterations in the ...locomotion and exploratory behavior were observed in nOBX rats at pre-pubertal age. • At pre-pubertal age, rats with nOBX show increase in NMDA binding.
Children from pregnancies affected by preeclampsia have an increased risk of cognitive and behavioral alterations via unknown pathophysiology. We tested the hypothesis that preeclampsia generated ...reduced brain cortex angiogenesis in the offspring.
The preeclampsia-like syndrome (PELS) mouse model was generated by administering the nitric oxide inhibitor NG-nitroarginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Confirmatory experiments were done using 2 additional PELS models. While in vitro analysis used mice and human brain endothelial cells exposed to serum of postnatal day 5 pups or umbilical plasma from preeclamptic pregnancies, respectively.
We report significant reduction in the area occupied by blood vessels in the motor and somatosensory brain cortex of offspring (postnatal day 5) from PELS compared with uncomplicated control offspring. These data were confirmed using 2 additional PELS models. Furthermore, circulating levels of critical proangiogenic factors, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and PlGF (placental growth factor) were lower in postnatal day 5 PELS. Also we found lower VEGF receptor 2 (KDR kinase insert domain-containing receptor) levels in mice and human endothelial cells exposed to the serum of postnatal day 5 PELS or fetal plasma of preeclamptic pregnancies, respectively. These changes were associated with lower in vitro angiogenic capacity, diminished cell migration, larger F-actin filaments, lower number of filopodia, and lower protein levels of F-actin polymerization regulators in brain endothelial cells exposed to serum or fetal plasma of offspring from preeclampsia.
Offspring from preeclampsia exhibited diminished brain cortex angiogenesis, associated with lower circulating VEGF/PlGF/KDR protein levels, impaired brain endothelial migration, and dysfunctional assembly of F-actin filaments. These alterations may predispose to structural and functional alterations in long-term brain development.
Cerebrovascular complications, including cerebral edema and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, constitute the leading cause of maternal mortality associated with preeclampsia. The underlying mechanisms ...of these cerebrovascular complications remain unclear. However, they are linked to placental dysfunction and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Nevertheless, the connection between these two distant organs is still being determined. Increasing evidence suggests that the placenta releases signaling molecules, including extracellular vesicles, into maternal circulation. Extracellular vesicles are categorized according to their size, with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs smaller than 200 nm in diameter) considered critical signaling particles in both physiological and pathological conditions. In preeclampsia, there is an increased number of circulating sEVs in maternal circulation, the signaling function of which is not well understood. Placental sEVs released in preeclampsia or from normal pregnancy placentas exposed to hypoxia induce brain endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the BBB. In this protocol, we assess whether sEVs isolated from placental explants cultured under hypoxic conditions (modeling one aspect of preeclampsia) disrupt the BBB in vivo.
Resumen. Introducción: Para incrementar el número de crías de tortugas marinas, es necesario mejorar estrategias de conservación, como incubación de nidos, en condiciones de vivero que contrarresten ...los efectos de las condiciones climáticas extremas. Objetivo: Comparar cinco parámetros de éxito reproductivo (éxito de eclosión, huevos sin desarrollo, crías muertas, mortalidad embrionaria y período de incubación) de la tortuga marina Lepidochelys olivacea. Métodos: Se evaluó la incubación de nidos bajo dos períodos de relocación de nidos (P1 y P2) bajo condiciones de vivero, en el año 2018 en Guerrero, México. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el éxito de eclosión y la mortalidad embrionaria entre los períodos de reubicación de nidos (P <0.001). En P1, se observaron valores más bajos de éxito de eclosión (77.0 % P1 vs 88.6 % P2) y valores más altos de mortalidad embrionaria (13.7 % P1 vs 3.3 % P2) comparados con los de P2. No se encontraron diferencias entre periodos respecto a los parámetros de huevos sin desarrollo, crías muertas y período de incubación. Conclusiones: las diferencias entre las condiciones ambientales más extremas o calurosas durante el primer período de relocación de nidos parecen afectar el éxito de eclosión y mortalidad embrionaria de L. olivacea. Por lo tanto, es importante tomar medidas al respecto durante esta etapa de incubación.
Se informan las razones por las que una especie puede introducirse en nuevas áreas geográficas y el impacto que tiene su presencia en los nuevos ambientes y su implicación para el bienestar humano. ...Los insectos exóticos del orden Diptera tienen implicaciones sociales y económicas considerables. Se presenta una lista preliminar de 22 especies de moscas y mosquitos exóticos con interés médico y veterinario que se encuentran en el territorio mexicano. Se comentan las posibles consecuencias en la salud, la economía y la conservación de los ambientes naturales. Se enfatiza la importancia de la taxonomía, de los estudios faunísticos y de la vigilancia entomológica en el territorio con especial énfasis en las fronteras para su detección, combate o restringir su distribución.
Pre-existing (chronic) atrial fibrillation (AF) has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular complications and mortality in patients with COVID-19; however, evidence in Latin America ...(LATAM) is scarce. This prospective and multicenter study from the CARDIO COVID 19–20 database includes hospitalized adults with COVID-19 from 14 countries in LATAM. A parsimonious logistic regression model was used to identify the main factors associated with mortality in a simulated case-control setting comparing patients with a history of AF to those without. In total, 3260 patients were included, of which 115 had AF. The AF group was older, had a higher prevalence of comorbidities, and had greater use of cardiovascular medications. In the model, AF, chronic kidney disease, and a respiratory rate > 25 at admission were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. The use of corticosteroids did not reach statistical significance; however, an effect was seen through the confidence interval. Thus, pre-existing AF increases mortality risk irrespective of other concomitant factors. Chronic kidney disease and a high respiratory rate at admission are also key factors for in-hospital mortality. These findings highlight the importance of comorbidities and regional characteristics in COVID-19 outcomes, in this instance, enhancing the evidence for patients from LATAM.
THE DECREASE IN THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF BATS Saldana-Vazquez, Romeo A; Sandoval-Ruiz, Cesar A; Ibanez-Bernal, Sergio
Mastozoología neotropical,
01/2024, Letnik:
31, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Bottom-up regulation refers to the effects that changes in resource availability have on higher trophic levels in a food web. These changes can explain patterns of species diversity change, which ...have been previously documented in mammal and fish populations, as well as their parasites. However, there is no previous evidence that these effects are occurring in the interaction of bats with their ectoparasites. The objective of this work was to evaluate if shade coffee plantations (SCP) reduce the abundance of phyllostomid bats, and if so, promote a reduction in the diversity of their ectoparasitic flies. We captured bats with mist nets in four cloud forest (CF) fragments and four SCP. Streblids were captured and preserved in 96 % ethanol after an exhaustive examination of the captured bats. We found a positive relationship between the abundance of bats and the richness and relative abundance of their ectoparasitic flies. The richness and abundance of streblids were lower in SCP because SCP reduces the food resources of bats. These results support the bottom-up mechanism between phyllostomids bats and ectoparasites. In addition, suggests that SCP may reduce the diversity of bat ectoparasites, via bottom-up effects.
Se estudiaron polvos de acería cuyo análisis químico reveló un contenido (en peso) de: 27,0 % de Fe; 7,1 % de Mg; 4,9 % de Zn; 4,0 % de Ca y 0,5 % de Pb. La difracción de rayos X y la espectroscopía ...infrarroja, permitió identificar en los polvos las siguientes fases: espinelas, Fe3O4, CaCO3, SiO², ZnO y PbO. El análisis microscópico de estos residuos indicó que están formados por agregados de partículas esferoidales cuyo tamaño varía entre 120 y 0,25 μm. La lixiviabilidad de los mismos se evaluó durante 28 días en columnas de percolación, empleando agua y disoluciones de ácidos orgánicos como agentes lixiviantes. El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento del residuo bajo condiciones similares a las que generan los microorganismos naturales del suelo. Se encontró que la lixiviabilidad de Zn y Pb varió entre 80 y 16 mg mensuales por kilogramo de polvo de acería.
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