The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is a promising candidate for quantum computing applications and magnetic sensing applications, because it is an atomic-scale defect with stable coherence ...time (T
) and reliable accessibility at room temperature. We demonstrated a method for improving the NV spin properties (the full width half maximum (FWHM) value of the magnetic resonance spectrum and T
) through a near-field (NF) etching method under ambient conditions. The NF etching method, based on a He-Cd ultraviolet laser (325 nm), which is longer than the absorption edge of the oxygen molecule, enabled selective removal of defects on the nanodiamond surface. We observed a decrease in the FWHM value close to 15% and an increase in T
close to 25%. Since our technique can be easily reproduced, a wide range of NV centre applications could be improved, especially magnetic sensing applications. Our results are especially attractive, because they have been obtained under ambient conditions and only require a light source with wavelength slightly above the O
absorption edge.
Abstract Aims To examine the impact of glucose tolerance status on the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in working-age men in Japan. Methods This population-based retrospective cohort ...study included 111,621 men aged 31–60 years 63,558 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT); 37,126 with prediabetes; 10,937 with diabetes. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to identify variables related to the incidence of CAD. Results Multivariate analysis showed that, compared with NGT, diabetes increased the risk of CAD by 17.3 times (95% CI: 6.36–47.0) at ages 31–40 years, by 2.74 times (95% CI: 1.85–4.05) at ages 41–50 years and by 2.47 times (95% CI: 1.69–3.59) at ages 51–60 years. The HRs for CAD in men with diabetes aged 31–40 equaled that of men with NGT aged 51–60 18.2 (7.15–46.4) and 19.4 (8.28–45.4), respectively. Conclusion The impact of diabetes on CAD was markedly greater in men aged 31–40 years compared with those aged 41–60 years.
We present release 1.3 of the ALPS (Algorithms and Libraries for Physics Simulations) project, an international open-source software project to develop libraries and application programs for the ...simulation of strongly correlated quantum lattice models such as quantum magnets, lattice bosons, and strongly correlated fermion systems. Development is centered on common XML and binary data formats, on libraries to simplify and speed up code development, and on full-featured simulation programs. The programs enable non-experts to start carrying out numerical simulations by providing basic implementations of the important algorithms for quantum lattice models: classical and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) using non-local updates, extended ensemble simulations, exact and full diagonalization (ED), as well as the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). Changes in the new release include a DMRG program for interacting models, support for translation symmetries in the diagonalization programs, the ability to define custom measurement operators, and support for inhomogeneous systems, such as lattice models with traps. The software is available from our web server at
http://alps.comp-phys.org/
.
Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter Subedi, R; Shneor, R; Monaghan, P ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
06/2008, Letnik:
320, Številka:
5882
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The protons and neutrons in a nucleus can form strongly correlated nucleon pairs. Scattering experiments, in which a proton is knocked out of the nucleus with high-momentum transfer and high missing ...momentum, show that in carbon-12 the neutron-proton pairs are nearly 20 times as prevalent as proton-proton pairs and, by inference, neutron-neutron pairs. This difference between the types of pairs is due to the nature of the strong force and has implications for understanding cold dense nuclear systems such as neutron stars.
The physical/chemical states and properties of nanodiamonds subjected to thermal annealing and air oxidation, which are indispensable processes for the preparation of fluorescent nanodiamonds, were ...investigated. Specifically, the weight loss, particle size, crystal quality, chemical bonding states of carbon and oxygen, zeta potential, dispersibility, and fluorescent and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) properties were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering, Raman analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), IR spectroscopy, and a home-made fluorescence and ODMR microscope. The study focused on small-sized nanodiamonds (∼50 nm), which are applicable for biological research. The obtained results should be useful for controlling the mutually-related physical/chemical states and properties of diamond nanoparticles.
The present experiment exploits the interference between the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) and the Bethe-Heitler processes to extract the imaginary part of DVCS amplitudes on the neutron ...and on the deuteron from the helicity-dependent D(e,e'gamma)X cross section measured at Q2=1.9 GeV2 and xB=0.36. We extract a linear combination of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) particularly sensitive to E_{q}, the least constrained GPD. A model dependent constraint on the contribution of the up and down quarks to the nucleon spin is deduced.
Our goal is to generate a strong magnetic field using a REBCO bulk superconductor activated by pulsed field magnetization (PFM) for industrial application using the bulk magnet. As the diameter of ...the material increases and its critical current density rises, magnetic field trapping by PFM is difficult due to the strong magnetic shield. We have proposed a holed superconducting bulk magnet to improve the trapped field performance in large-size and high- J c bulk material. Magnetic flux can be supplied efficiently by reducing superconductivity in the portion with holes artificially. To confirm the validity of the proposed method, an experiment, in which a single pulsed field was applied with changing amplitude of the magnetic field and temperature, was carried out using a GdBCO bulk superconductor with four small holes. Although the magnetic flux penetrated at a lower applied field, there was a problem in that the maximum trapped field and the total magnetic flux decreased. In this paper, the size and number of holes were optimized to manage both the increase in the trapped field and easy flux penetration. A hole 1mm in diameter was drilled to half of depth of the thickness at the rim of a sample after investigating the magnetization characteristic of a GdBCO bulk 60 mm in diameter and 20 mm thick. A trapped field performance was evaluated in the sample, and afterwards, the hole was bored completely to the full depth. Then, the same experiment was carried out. The trapped field for a single hole was improved compared to the four holes, and it was confirmed that the 1-mm-diameter hole did not degrade the magnetization performance.
We investigated the controlled release of human insulin at an initial stage from poly(
dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA,
M
w 6600) spherical matrices. PLGA microcapsules were prepared by the novel ...solvent evaporation multiple emulsion process. When the crystalline insulin was dispersed in dichloromethane as solid-in-oil (S/O) dispersion, it was found that most of insulin molecules were inlaid on the surface of PLGA microcapsules. Consequently, insulin-loaded PLGA microcapsules exhibited marked rapid release of insulin within several hours in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. On the other hand, the addition of glycerol or water in the primary dichloromethane dispersion results in drastically suppressed initial release. It was found by SEM observation that water- or glycerol-in-oil (W/O or G/O) type mini-emulsion droplets with a mean diameter of 300–500 nm were formed in this primary solution. This phenomenon can be theoretically presumed to occur because insulin and PLGA molecules, having amphiphilic properties, converge on the interface between the hydrophilic additive and dichloromethane. Hence, insulin molecules heterogeneously located in the inside of PLGA microcapsules, not on the surface, would be gradually released with PLGA hydrolytic decomposition. As an additional effect of glycerol, the initial burst was further suppressed due to the decrease of the glass transition temperature of PLGA from 42.5 to 36.7
°C. Since the annealing of PLGA molecules took place at around 37
°C, the porous structure of microspheres immediately disappeared after immersion in PBS or subcutaneous administration. The insulin diffusion through the water-filled pores would be effectively prevented. The strict controlled initial release of insulin from the PLGA microsphere suggested the possibility of utilization in insulin therapy for type I diabetic patients who need construction of a basal insulin profile.
PDF
