We have fabricated a Si racetrack optical modulator based on a III-V/Si hybrid metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor. The III-V/Si hybrid MOS optical phase shifter was integrated to a Si ...racetrack resonator with a coupling length of 200 µm and a coupling gap of 700 nm. The fabricated Si racetrack resonator demonstrated a small VπL of 0.059 Vcm. For 10-dB optical intensity modulation, the Si racetrack resonator showed a 60% smaller driving voltage than a Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator with the same phase shifter, leading to a better balance between high energy efficiency and large modulation bandwidth.
We have investigated the effect of N2 fraction Formula Omitted in Ar–N2 sputtering gas on the tunneling magnetodielectric (TMD) effect in Co–(Si–N) nanogranular films. Co–(Si–N) films were deposited ...by co-sputtering Co and Si3N4 targets in Ar-Formula Omitted vol.%N2 mixture gas with different N2 gas fractions Formula Omitted of 0–30. All deposited films had a nanogranular structure composed of Co nanogranules with a diameter of 1–3 nm embedded in a Si–N matrix. We realized the TMD effect in the films for Formula Omitted, and the film deposited in Ar-6.6 vol.%N2 gas showed the highest dielectric variations in a magnetic field. For Formula Omitted, TMD peak frequency Formula Omitted decreased from 17 to 40 kHz with increasing Formula Omitted because of the increase in intergranular spacing Formula Omitted. On the other hand, for Formula Omitted, Formula Omitted increased from 40 kHz to 3.3 MHz as Formula Omitted increased since both Formula Omitted in the out-of-plane direction and Formula Omitted, which indirectly represents the measure of the distribution of Formula Omitted, decreased. This study provides a new way to tailor the frequency response of the TMD effect.
To determine whether disc displacement (DD) can be a factor causing changes in condylar position in the glenoid fossa, using limited cone beam CT (LCBCT) images taken in the same time period as MRI ...that verified DD.
The study included 60 joints in 57 male and female subjects aged 12-20 years (mean age 14.8 years). Subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled from a pool of post-orthodontic patients, and divided into four groups according to their disc status confirmed by MRI: partial DD (PDD), total DD with reduction (TDDWR), lateral DD (LDD) and medial DD (MDD). Changes in joint space from previously reported norms were measured on LCBCT images.
In PDD, the condyles were displaced posteriorly in the fossae with a mean anterior space of 2.7 ± 0.5 mm (normal 1.3 ± 0.2 mm) and a posterior space of 1.8 ± 0.4 mm (normal 2.1 ± 0.3 mm). In TDDWR, the condyles were displaced not only posteriorly as observed in PDD, but also vertically with a reduced superior space of 1.9 ± 0.4 mm (normal 2.5 ± 0.5 mm). In LDD, the lateral space was significantly increased to 2.5 ± 0.3 mm (normal 1.8 ± 0.4 mm), while central and medial spaces were significantly decreased to 2.2 ± 0.5 mm (normal 2.7 ± 0.5 mm) and 1.7 ± 0.4 mm (normal 2.4 ± 0.5 mm), respectively. In MDD, the medial space was increased and the lateral and central spaces were significantly decreased.
These results indicate that DD in adolescents and young adults can cause the condyle to change its position in the fossa with alterations in joint space which depend on the direction and extent of DD.
The aim of this review is to investigate the growth of diversity and inclusion in global academic dental research with a focus on gender equality. A diverse range of research methodologies were used ...to conduct this review, including an extensive review of the literature, engagement of key informants in dental academic leadership positions around the world, and review of current data from a variety of national and international organizations. Results provide evidence of gender inequalities that currently persist in dental academics and research. Although the gender gap among graduating dental students in North America and the two most populous countries in Europe (the United Kingdom and France) has been narrowed, women make up 30% to 40% of registered dentists in countries throughout Europe, Oceania, Asia, and Africa. In academic dentistry around the globe, greater gender inequality was found to correlate with higher ranking academic and leadership positions in the United States, United Kingdom, several countries in European Union, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. Further disparities are noted in the dental research sector, where women make up 33% of dental researchers in the European Union, 35% in North America, 55% in Brazil, and 25% in Japan. Family and societal pressures, limited access to research funding, and lack of mentoring and leadership training opportunities are reported as also contributing to gender inequalities. To continue advancing gender equality in dental academia and research, efforts should be geared toward the collection and public dissemination of data on gender-specific distributions. Such evidence-driven information will guide the selection of future strategies and best practices for promoting gender equity in the dental workforce, which provides a major pipeline of researchers and scholars for the dental profession.
Abstract
An isotope effect of negative ion motion in plasma near a plasma grid (PG), which is a plasma-beam boundary grid, has been investigated in a negative hydrogen-ion source with the surface ...production process of the negative ion on the PG surface. Negative deuterium-ion (D
-
) density was higher than negative hydrogen-ion (H
-
) density in the condition without extraction-grid bias (
V
egb
) and approached the H
-
density in the condition with
V
egb
. Thus, the D
-
density responded stronger than the H
-
density to the
V
egb
. The density of the negative hydrogen-ion isotopes and the density response to the
V
egb
have been organized into respective identical trends by momenta of isotopes emitting from the PG. The Larmor motion can be a dominant mechanism of the negative ion transport from the PG to the plasma.
Abstract
Flows of the charged particles in hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) plasmas were measured with the single-tip directional Langmuir probe. The flow patterns of positive and negative ions have ...been constructed from the data by moving the probe near the plasma grid. The positive ion flow from driver to extraction regions showed the different velocity equivalent to the mass difference between H and D. The negative ion flow indicated the surface production of negative ions on the plasma grid, and changed the direction corresponding to the magnitude of the extraction electric field.
Misfolded or aggregated proteins have two fates: they are either refolded with the help of chaperones or degraded by the proteasome. Cells also have an alternative pathway that involves intracellular ..."storage bins" for misfolded intracellular proteins known as aggresomes. Aggresomes recruit motor proteins that transport misfolded or aggregated proteins to chaperones and proteasomes for subsequent destruction. There is emerging evidence that inhibiting the aggresome pathway leads to accumulation of misfolded proteins and apoptosis in tumor cells through autophagy. We discuss the role of aggresomes in cancer and the potential to target this pathway for therapy.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) permits removal of colorectal epithelial neoplasms en bloc, but a substantial risk of procedure-related perforation has been reported. We sought to unravel the ...clinicopathological factors associated with the clinical outcomes of ESD for colorectal epithelial neoplasms in a large series.
ESD was done in 278 patients with 292 colorectal tumors that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The criteria for ESD were: lesion greater than 20 mm in size, lesion with fibrotic scarring, locally residual colorectal lesion, or invasive carcinoma with slight submucosal penetration. Resection was assessed as en bloc or piecemeal, complete (en bloc with tumor-free lateral and basal margins) or incomplete. Complications including perforation and bleeding were assessed, and factors related to each were analyzed using logistic regression. Patients underwent multiple follow-up endoscopic examinations (mean 4.6; median 4; range 2 - 9; total number 1010).
En bloc resection was achieved in 90.1 % of lesions (263/292) and resection was deemed to be complete in 233 (79.8 %). Right-side colonic location and the finding of fibrosis were the significant contributors to incomplete resection. Perforation was seen in 24 cases (8.2 %), and was associated with large tumor size and the presence of fibrosis. When the contributive factors for each were combined, the risks of incomplete resection and perforation were substantially increased.
The present study provides useful information for predicting risks for incomplete resection and complication in colorectal ESD.
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