Small families are often very important for understanding premodern society. The ownership of the land based on kinship can reveal very complicated relations inside the small communities; gathering ...the fortune and dividing it into pieces was a recurrent process that characterized the Wallachian society during 17th and 18th centuries. This study is devoted to a family from Smârdeșteț – a small village from Mehedinți county – considering their genealogy and their possession of land and Roma people. Six generations can be traced along these two centuries, the men and women accumulating and wasting the fortune along their lives. Only the first half of the 17th century is investigated in this article; a subsequent study will analyse the second half of the 17th century and the 18th century.
The present study analyses the damage of remaining trees after timber harvesting from 24 logging sites from southwest Romania. The purpose was to establish tolerability thresholds within which ...damaged trees recover in a short amount of time, reducing the possibility of further rot apparition and tree health deterioration. Observations were resumed after the growing season had passed. Healed damage was analysed in regard to damage type, width, orientation and tree circumference. By using the ratio between the width of healed damage and the circumference of trees as experimental variants, equations were elaborated to determine the tolerance threshold of trees in logging. This is expressed as a maximum value between the damage width and the damaged tree circumference for which the damage is curable. The correlation between the circumference and the abovementioned relation was analysed, and differences between the values of the analysed relation for different cardinal orientations of the damage were statistically tested. The value of this ratio, which can be considered a tolerance threshold for trees in logging, records values of 0.09 (for thinnings, for cuttings to increase the light availability for regeneration and for final cuttings from shelterwood systems) and 0.10 (for first-intervention cuttings, as well as preparatory and seed cutting from shelterwood systems or selections systems).
The paper draws attention to the impact of the COVID-19 context on the labor market. Based on the secondary data analysis, a classification of the economic branches regarding the risk of affecting ...the activity is sketched. The higher risk tends to complement other employment vulnerabilities (lower wage level, higher share of selfemployment). The Romanian protective measures of employment and incomes fit the European practices of the current context. However, there is a risk of not being able to respond adequately to the increase of poverty and inequality.
The paper draws attention to the impact of the COVID-19 context on the labor market. Based on the secondary data analysis, a classification of the economic branches regarding the risk of affecting ...the activity is sketched. The higher risk tends to complement other employment vulnerabilities (lower wage level, higher share of selfemployment). The Romanian protective measures of employment and incomes fit the European practices of the current context. However, there is a risk of not being able to respond adequately to the increase of poverty and inequality. Keywords: labour market inequalities; social policies; COVID-19.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to modify motor performance in healthy and patient populations. However, our understanding of the large-scale neuroplastic changes that ...support such behavioural effects is limited. Here, we used both seed-based and independent component analyses (ICA) approaches to probe tDCS-induced modifications in resting state activity with the aim of establishing the effects of tDCS applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) on both motor and non-motor networks within the brain. Subjects participated in three separate sessions, during which resting fMRI scans were acquired before and after 10min of 1mA anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS. Cathodal tDCS increased the inter-hemispheric coherence of resting fMRI signal between the left and right supplementary motor area (SMA), and between the left and right hand areas of M1. A similar trend was documented for the premotor cortex (PMC). Increased functional connectivity following cathodal tDCS was apparent within the ICA-generated motor and default mode networks. Additionally, the overall strength of the default mode network was increased. Neither anodal nor sham tDCS produced significant changes in resting state connectivity. This work indicates that cathodal tDCS to M1 affects the motor network at rest. In addition, the effects of cathodal tDCS on the default mode network support the hypothesis that diminished top-down control may contribute to the impaired motor performance induced by cathodal tDCS.
•Resting state BOLD fMRI data was acquired before and after tDCS applied to M1.•Cathodal tDCS increased inter-hemispheric correlations between the M1 hand areas.•Cathodal tDCS increased connectivity in ICA-generated motor and default networks.•Cathodal tDCS increased the overall strength of the default network.
Histological stratification in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential to properly guide therapy. Morphological evaluation remains the basis for subtyping and is completed by ...additional immunohistochemistry labelling to confirm the diagnosis, which delays molecular analysis and utilises precious sample. Therefore, we tested the capacity of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify NSCLC based on pathologic HES diagnostic biopsies. The model was estimated with a learning cohort of 132 NSCLC patients and validated on an external validation cohort of 65 NSCLC patients. Based on image patches, a CNN using InceptionV3 architecture was trained and optimized to classify NSCLC between squamous and non-squamous subtypes. Accuracies of 0.99, 0.87, 0.85, 0.85 was reached in the training, validation and test sets and in the external validation cohort. At the patient level, the CNN model showed a capacity to predict the tumour histology with accuracy of 0.73 and 0.78 in the learning and external validation cohorts respectively. Selecting tumour area using virtual tissue micro-array improved prediction, with accuracy of 0.82 in the external validation cohort. This study underlines the capacity of CNN to predict NSCLC subtype with good accuracy and to be applied to small pathologic samples without annotation.
Two-needle 3D stochastic microsensors based on boron- and nitrogen-decorated gra-phenes, modified with N-(2-mercapto-1H-benzodimidazole-5-yl), were designed and used for the molecular recognition and ...quantification of CA 72-4, CA 19-9, CEA and CA 125 biomarkers in biological samples such as whole blood, urine, saliva and tumoral tissue. The NBGr-2 sensor yielded lower limits of determination. For CEA, the LOD was 4.10 × 10−15 s−1 g−1 mL, while for CA72-4, the LOD was 4.00 × 10−11 s−1 U−1 mL. When the NBGr-1 sensor was employed, the best results were obtained for CA12-5 and CA19-9, with values of LODs of 8.37 × 10−14 s−1 U−1 mL and 2.09 × 10−13 s−1 U−1 mL, respectively. High sensitivities were obtained when both sensors were employed. Broad linear concentration ranges favored their determination from very low to higher concentrations in biological samples, ranging from 8.37 × 10−14 to 8.37 × 103 s−1 U−1 mL for CA12-5 when using the NBGr-1 sensor, and from 4.10 × 10−15 to 2.00 × 10−7 s−1 g−1 mL for CEA when using the NBGr-2 sensor. Student’s t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the results obtained utilizing the two microsensors for the screening tests, at a 99% confidence level, with the results obtained being lower than the tabulated values.
The rolling friction phenomenon is encountered in a wide range of applications and when two different materials are involved, quantitative characterization is necessary. The parameter to be ...determined is the coefficient of rolling friction, for whose estimation a methodology is proposed, based on the damped oscillation of a conical pendulum. The pure rolling contact between a sphere and a plane is obtained when a steel ball is the bob of the pendulum, which rolls on an inclined plate made from a second material from the contacting pair. The mathematical model of the motion of a conical pendulum constructed from a revolution body supported on an inclined plane in the presence of the rolling friction is developed. The dynamic equations of the rigid body with fixed point are applied and the differential equation of motion of the pendulum is obtained together with the expressions of the reaction forces in the contact point. For different pairs of materials, tests are performed on a laboratory device. The damped oscillatory motion of the conical pendulum is video-captured for the estimation of the angular amplitude variation. A program for image processing is developed for measuring the values of angular elongations from the analysis of each frame of the video and, finally, the coefficient of rolling friction is obtained. For all the materials tested, a linear decrease in angular amplitude is detected and the slope of angular amplitude can be considered as a characteristic parameter related to the coefficient of rolling friction between the two materials.
Persecution and discrimination is an everyday activity. Among the persecuted and the discriminated are the blacks and also the Roma, known in other places by the name gypsies. In the United States ...and other parts of the world, the whites are persecuting and discriminating against blacks but, in Europe, whites are persecuting and discriminating against the Roma people. Unfortunately, to this day, the Roma people are considered still to be of a lower class or, even worse, a more inferior human being. It is a shame to live in a society that considers itself to be one of peace and unity and to accept these things and allowing them to take place. In this article, special attention will be given to the persecutions and discriminations that the Roma people were facing. Then a descriptive analysis of their contributions and influences on many nations at different times and dates and, in the end, an attempt to best present solutions for such things to cease. In particular, how the churches and humanity will apply it to their ministries and life for the persecution and discrimination of these people to stop and for reconciliation to take place. It is time to move from theory to practice.
This paper presents multiple, cooperative ways and levels of reality in working with Jesus Christ (Yeshua Hamashiach) to share the Word of God with people in a very specific context: a meeting ...between the Jews, and the Samaritans from the city of Sychar. In the context of His visit with the sinful Samaritan woman at Jacob’s well in Sychar, the ministry school that Rabbi Jesus has for His Apostles is configured as a laboratory of life to teach them His methods in understanding the multiple levels of reality in life and the synergistic significance of the evangelistic message. At the same time when the Apostles are closed in a room learning about the lands or fields full of harvest, the Samaritan woman leaves her vessel at the well, goes into the city, and openly proclaims her meeting with Him. There are two remarkable synergistic significances to transmit the message about the Savior of the world, Yeshua Hamashiach, in a particular transcultural context.
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