The electronics era is flourishing and morphing itself into Internet of Everything, IoE. At the same time, questions arise on the issue of electronic materials employed: especially their natural ...availability and low-cost fabrication, their functional stability in devices, and finally their desired biodegradation at the end of their life cycle. Hydrogen bonded pigments and natural dyes like indigo, anthraquinone and acridone are not only biodegradable and of bio-origin but also have functionality robustness and offer versatility in designing electronics and sensors components. With this Perspective, we intend to coalesce all the scattered reports on the above-mentioned classes of hydrogen bonded semiconductors, spanning across several disciplines and many active research groups. The article will comprise both published and unpublished results, on stability during aging, upon electrical, chemical and thermal stress, and will finish with an outlook section related to biological degradation and biological stability of selected hydrogen bonded molecules employed as semiconductors in organic electronic devices. We demonstrate that when the purity, the long-range order and the strength of chemical bonds, are considered, then the Hydrogen bonded organic semiconductors are the privileged class of materials having the potential to compete with inorganic semiconductors. As an experimental historical study of stability, we fabricated and characterized organic transistors from a material batch synthesized in 1932 and compared the results to a fresh material batch.
We demonstrate in this work the practical use of uniform mixtures of a bioresin shellac and four natural clays, i.e. montmorillonite, sepiolite, halloysite and vermiculate as dielectrics in organic ...field effect transistors (OFETs). We present a thorough characterization of their processability and film forming characteristic, surface characterization, elaborate dielectric investigation and the fabrication of field effect transistors with two classic organic semiconductors, i.e. pentacene and fullerene C60. We show that low operating voltage of approximately 4 V is possible for all the OFETs using several combinations of clays and shellac. The capacitance measurements show an improvement of the dielectric constant of shellac by a factor of 2, to values in excess of 7 in the uniform mixtures of sepiolite and montmorillonite with this bioresin.
Four pinaceae pine resins analyzed in this study: black pine, shore pine, Baltic amber, and rosin demonstrate excellent dielectric properties, outstanding film forming, and ease of processability ...from ethyl alcohol solutions. Their trap-free nature allows fabrication of virtually hysteresis-free organic field effect transistors operating in a low voltage window with excellent stability under bias stress. Such green constituents represent an excellent choice of materials for applications targeting biocompatibility and biodegradability of electronics and sensors, within the overall effort of sustainable electronics development and environmental friendliness.
Lignin is an abundant biopolymer deriving from industrial pulping processes of lignocellulosic biomass. Despite the huge amount of yearly produced lignin waste, it finds scarce application as a fine ...material and is usually destined to be combusted in thermochemical plants to feed, with low efficiency, other industrial processes. So far, the use of lignin in materials science is limited by the scarce knowledge of its molecular structure and properties, depending also on its isolation method. However, lignin represents an intriguing feedstock of organic material. Here, the structural and chemical‐physical characteristics of two kraft lignins, L1 and L2, are analyzed. First, several molecular characterization techniques, such as attenuated total reflectance ‐ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses, gel permeation chromatography, evolved gas analysis‐mass spectrometry, UV–vis, 31P‐ and 13C‐ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies are applied to get insights into their different structures and their degree of molecular degradation. Then, their efficient application as gate dielectric materials is demonstrated for organic field‐effect transistors, finding the increased capacity of L1 with respect to L2 in triggering functional and efficient devices with both p‐type and n‐type organic semiconductor molecules.
Kraft lignin is applied as the gate dielectric layer in C60 or pentacene organic field‐effect transistors. The role of lignin molecular degradation and functional groups is elucidated.
Organic Electronics
In article number 2200285, Mihai Irimia‐Vladu, Alessandra Operamolla and co‐workers demonstrate the successful use of kraft lignin, the waste biopolymer produced by pulp mills, as ...the dielectric material for organic field effect transistors. This work represents an example of a circular economy applied to organic electronics.
Correction for ‘ N , N ′-Substituted quinacridones for organic electronic device applications’ by Donia Saadi et al. , Mater. Adv. , 2023, 4 , 2214–2225, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2MA01010K.
N , N ′-Substituted quinacridones are a novel class of commercially available quinacridones for organic electronics which are reported here. In this study, we performed in-depth investigations of the ...material properties of these molecules i.e. their optical and charge transport properties, infrared-active vibrations (FTIR), electrochemical reduction and oxidation properties, thin film forming and processability, and finally performance in organic field effect transistor devices. We show that substitution plays a critical role in the charge transport properties, with methyl substituted amine being the most favorable, followed by di-phenyl and finally di-butyl.
Natural dielectrics are emerging nowadays as a niche selection of materials for applications targeting biocompatibility and biodegradability for electronics and sensors within the overall effort of ...scientific community to achieve sustainable development and to build environmental consciousness. The two natural resins analyzed in this study, silver fir and Rocky mountain fir demonstrate robust dielectric properties and excellent film forming capabilities, while being trap free dielectrics in high‐performance organic field effect transistors (OFETs) operating at voltages as low as 1 V. Immense research possibilities are demonstrated through the avenue of inorganic nanofillers insertions in the natural resins film, that opens the door for fabrication of very low voltage OFETs with high dielectric constant insulating layers.
Natural resins, exemplified here by two Pinaceae fir resins, originating from trees growing in Europe and North America, are robust dielectric materials with excellent film forming abilities, high breakdown field, and low interface trap density that recommends them for field‐effect transistors applications in the frame of sustainable electronics development.
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′-Substituted quinacridones are a novel class of commercially available quinacridones for organic electronics which are reported here. In this study, we performed in-depth investigations of the ...material properties of these molecules
i.e.
their optical and charge transport properties, infrared-active vibrations (FTIR), electrochemical reduction and oxidation properties, thin film forming and processability, and finally performance in organic field effect transistor devices. We show that substitution plays a critical role in the charge transport properties, with methyl substituted amine being the most favorable, followed by di-phenyl and finally di-butyl.
N
,
N
′-Substituted quinacridones are a novel class of commercially available quinacridones for organic electronics which are reported here.
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