The atomic structure of magnesium oxide on the TiC(001) surface was investigated using time-of-flight impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy. A hetero-epitaxial MgO layer was formed by thermal ...evaporation of magnesium onto the TiC(001) surface followed by exposure to oxygen at room temperature. From the time-of-flight spectrum which sees deeper layers from the top surface, it is found that the Mg and O atoms are located on the on-top site of the TiC(001) surface and the thickness of the MgO layer is restricted to two layers.
Muscarinic involvement in the modulation of general anesthesia was examined in the rat with a cannula implanted in the pontine reticular formation. Atropine microinjected into the reticular formation ...reversed the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) reducing effect of carbachol on halothane anesthesia, but M
1 or M
3 antagonist had no effect. An M
2 antagonist reduced the MAC of halothane following saline and carbachol. The results suggest that any of the muscarinic receptor subtypes in this region do not independently mediate the cholinomimetic effect on halothane anesthesia.
Ion channels and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors have long been investigated as the principle targets of inhaled volatile anesthetics (VAs), but emerging evidence suggests that G-protein ...coupled receptors (GPCRs) might also directly interact with VAs. To survey the extent of interaction between VAs and diverse GPCRs, we have turned to the 1000+ member family of olfactory receptors (ORs), taking advantage of their unique expression pattern of a single OR per neuron. Through optical imaging and electrophysiological recordings, we show that different VAs trigger the normal transduction cascade in distinct subsets of cells in a dose-dependant manner. Together with evidence of antagonism by odorants, this selective activation strongly implicates a direct action of VAs upon particular olfactory receptors. The finding that VAs stimulate nearly 8% of olfactory GPCRs suggests that probing related Class A GPCRs may reveal a pool of VA targets whose altered signaling contributes to anesthetic effects.
A new front-end signal-processing LSI for HD DVD Yonezawa, M.; Hijikata, K.; Yamakawa, H. ...
2005 Digest of Technical Papers. International Conference on Consumer Electronics, 2005. ICCE,
2005
Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
This work presents a front-end LSI using 0.13 /spl mu/m-process developed for HD DVD disc drives. HD DVD is a recently proposed format for optical discs, in which a blue laser is adopted and ...high-density recording of over 15 GB per side is achieved. The LSI chip consists of 3 subsystems: partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) read channel subsystem, servo control subsystem and memory control subsystem. Using this LSI, we have also developed a HD DVD player and verified the performance to be sufficient for high-definition movies or other content. The ability to play back high-definition quality movies proves the basic potential of this LSI.
Signaling through the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily can lead to apoptosis or promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. A subset of this family, including TNFR1 ...and Fas, signals cell death via an intracellular death domain and therefore is termed the death receptor (DR) family. In this study, we identified new members of the DR family, designated xDR-M1 and xDR-M2, in Xenopus laevis. The two proteins, which show high homology (71.7% identity), have characteristics of the DR family, that is, three cysteine-rich domains, a transmembrane domain, and a death domain. To elucidate how members of xDR-M subfamily regulate cell death and survival, we examined the intracellular signaling mediated by these receptors in 293T and A6 cells. Overexpression of xDR-M2 induced apoptosis and activated caspase-8, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and nuclear factor-κB, although its death domain to a greater extent than did that of xDR-M1 in 293T cells. A caspase-8 inhibitor potently blocked this apoptosis induced by xDR-M2. In contrast, xDR-M1 showed a greater ability to induce apoptosis through its death domain than did xDR-M2 in A6 cells. Interestingly, a general serine protease inhibitor, but not the caspase-8 inhibitor, blocked the xDR-M1-induced apoptosis. These results imply that activation of caspase-8 or serine protease(s) may be required for the xDR-M2- or xDR-M1-induced apoptosis, respectively. Although xDR-M1 and xDR-M2 are very similar to each other, the difference in their death domains may result in diverse signaling, suggesting distinct roles of xDR-M1 and xDR-M2 in cell death or survival.
In order to investigate the mechanism of electronic excitation during rare-gas ion scattering from surfaces, molecular orbital energies of various diatomic collision systems have been calculated on ...the basis of the discrete variational X α method. Doubly-excited autoionization is caused by the highly promoted 4fσ orbital of Ne colliding with the third-row elements of the Periodic System (NaAr), with decrease of the electron transition probability for heavier target atoms. By contrast, one-electron excitation leading to reionization is basically caused by the pseudo-crossing of the molecular orbitals. This is the reason why reionization is observed experimentally for a larger variety of projectile-target combinations compared to autoionization. Reionization may not be predicted sufficiently by the conventional treatment based on the diabatic correlation diagram. It is found that the probability of reionization is suppressed if the ionic level has a bonding character due to the interaction with the target d orbitals.
In the course of the development of the YB66 004 monochromator for soft‐X‐ray spectroscopy in the 1–2 keV region, two positive glitches at 1385.6 and 1438 eV have been observed in the transmission ...function of this material in a double‐crystal configuration. The nature of these glitches has been elucidated using a combination of photoemission experiments, reflectivity measurements and anomalous scattering calculations. Analyses of these results show that these positive glitches are due to the transmission at an energy 3/2 times higher than the 004 reflection and correspond to the yttrium LIII and LII absorption edges at 2080 and 2156 eV, respectively. Reflectivity measurements and structure‐factor calculations for the 006 reflection confirm that these glitches are caused by the sharp reflectivity increases associated with anomalous scattering for the 006 reflection at the yttrium LIII and LII absorption edges.
A medium-length beamline with undulator source, BL20XU at SPring-8, was constructed, and opened to public use. The distance from source point to the end of the beamline is 248 m. By utilizing the ...long beam transport path, the beamline has advantages for experiment that requires high spatial coherence in hard X-ray regions.
The structure, concentration and chemical activity of atomic vacancies at the TiC(001) surface have been directly analyzed by specialized low-energy ion-scattering spectroscopy. It has been found ...that carbon vacancies are formed at the surface under a certain condition and they capture oxygen atoms into the vacancy holes exhibiting a very high activity. 13 ref.--AA
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