An
n
n
Λ
, which consists of two neutrons and a Lambda hyperon, is a multi-baryon system with no charge. Studying the
n
n
Λ
state would provide information about the
Λ
n
interaction which has not ...been directly measured by a scattering experiment. The experiment (E12-17-003) was performed in order to search for the
n
n
Λ
state at Jefferson Lab. The
n
n
Λ
is expected to be produced by the
(
e
,
e
′
K
+
)
reaction, which has sensitivity to both bound and resonance states if the natural width of the
n
n
Λ
is narrow enough to be observed as a peak. The experiment used gas targets of hydrogen and tritium for mass calibration and the
n
n
Λ
production, respectively. The mass calibration with
H
(
e
,
e
′
K
+
)
Λ
/
Σ
0
reactions gave the mass resolution of the
Λ
and
Σ
0
each 3.5
MeV
/
c
2
FWHM, for the elementary reaction. A spectrum of
3
H
(
e
,
e
′
K
+
)
X
was obtained, and a simple model with a
Λ
n
final state interaction was applied to reproduce the spectrum.
Conventional colonoscopy can result in unnecessary biopsy or endoscopic resection due to its inability to distinguish adenomas from hyperplastic polyps. This study therefore evaluated the efficacy of ...high-resolution endoscopy (HRE), autofluorescence imaging (AFI), and narrow-band imaging (NBI) in discriminating colon adenoma from hyperplastic polyps.
This was a prospective multicenter study in patients undergoing AFI and NBI examinations. HRE, AFI, and NBI images were classified into two groups based on morphological characteristics, the predominant color intensities, and the visibility of meshed capillary vessels, respectively. Each of the endoscopic photographs were independently evaluated by a single endoscopist. The images were then assessed by three specialists and three residents, the latter having performed < 500 colonoscopies and < 30 NBI and AFI examinations. Diagnostic test statistics were calculated to compare the accuracy in differentiating colon adenoma from hyperplastic polyps for each method.
A total of 183 patients were enrolled in the study and 339 adenomas and 85 hyperplastic polyps were identified. AFI and NBI could distinguish adenoma from hyperplastic polyps with an accuracy of 84.9 % and 88.4 %, respectively, whereas HRE exhibited an accuracy of 75.9 %. In the 358 lesions in which the AFI diagnosis was consistent with that of NBI, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were high, at 91.9 %, 92.7 %, and 92.9 %, respectively. During the study comparing specialists and residents, AFI and NBI dramatically improved the diagnostic accuracy of residents from 69.1 % to 86.1 % and 84.7 %, respectively.
Both AFI and NBI are considered to be feasible tools that can discriminate colon adenoma from hyperplastic polyps, and their use may be particularly beneficial for less-experienced endoscopists.
To measure intraoral pressure and perioral movement in infants during breastfeeding (BF) and feeding with experimental teat (ET). The teat has a wide base, firm shaft and a valve at the base, such ...that milk flows only when the baby provides a hold pressure.
Twenty healthy term infants, between 1 and 8 months old, were enrolled in the study. Feeding sessions (BF and ET) were recorded using a digital video camera. During both BF and ET feeding sessions, recordings during feeding were taken of jaw and throat movements (n=20) as well as intraoral pressure (n=18). The efficiency of milk transfer and the angle of the mouth were also measured.
There was no significant difference in either the jaw or throat movements between BF and ET. The sucking burst pattern, the efficiency (ml min(-1)), and the angle of the mouth did not differ between both feeding methods. The intraoral negative pressure observed during ET was significantly smaller than that observed during BF.
There were no significant differences in perioral movements. Although the value was smaller, a hold pressure was observed during ET. From these results, the novel, ET may decrease BF problems related to bottle use.
Aim: To obtain a better understanding of the changes in feeding behaviour from 1 to 6 months of age. By comparing breast‐ and bottle‐feeding, we intended to clarify the difference in longitudinal ...sucking performance.
Methods: Sucking variables were consecutively measured for 16 breast‐fed and eight bottle‐fed infants at 1, 3 and 6 months of age.
Results: For breast‐feeding, number of sucks per burst (17.8 ± 8.8, 23.8 ± 8.3 and 32.4 ± 15.3 times), sucking burst duration (11.2 ± 6.1, 14.7 ± 8.0 and 17.9 ± 8.8 sec) and number of sucking bursts per feed (33.9 ± 13.9, 28.0 ± 18.2 and 18.6 ± 12.8 times) at 1, 3 and 6 months of age respectively showed significant differences between 1 and 6 months of age (p < 0.05). The sucking pressure and total number of sucks per feed did not differ among different ages. Bottle‐feeding resulted in longer sucking bursts and more sucks per burst compared with breast‐feeding in each month (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The increase in the amount of ingested milk with maturation resulted from an increase in bolus volume per minute as well as the higher number of sucks continuously for both breast‐ and bottle‐fed infants.
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