The modern way of life is the cause of the increasing occurrence of improper body posture in children and adolescents. In athletes, improper body posture can lead to numerous chronic health problems ...and injuries that affect their performance in sports. The handball game is characterized by dynamism and mobility, with constant and rapid changes of body positions and technique elements. Due to certain characteristics of handball as a sport (parts of the technique that are asymmetric due to playing with one hand) there is a reasonable doubt that handball players are exposed to factors that can cause a development of postural deformities. The aim of the study is to investigate whether scoliotic posture is a frequent occurrence in adolescents who train handball, and whether there is a correlation between the relevant indicators of improper body posture and the dominant hand with scoliotic body posture in handball players. The study was conducted on a sample of 98 adolescents aged 13-18 who had been involved in the training process for over three years and were tested with clinical Adams forward bend test. A posterior examination was used to determine the types of body posture. The sample of variables for the assessment of body posture contained numerical values of eight reference points in the posterior examination. To determine the differences between groups in variables of the questionnaire, and in determining the difference between the respondents in the variables obtained from the questionnaire, the Chi-square test was used, and a contingency table with frequencies and percentages was determined. A significant difference was found between right-sided and normal body posture, where right-sided posture subjects spent significantly more years training a handball compared to those with normal body posture, which suggests that this sport can be associated with the occurrence of a scoliotic posture.
Insufficient physical activity levels (PAL) during adolescence is a major public health concern, which is even more pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic due to restricting movement opportunities. ...This study aimed to identify PAL changes and examine the age-specific determinants of PAL in younger and older adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown.
This study included 859 high-school students from Bosnia and Herzegovina stratified into 2 age groups: younger (N = 420, 14-16 years of age), and older adolescents (N = 439, 16-18 years of age). Participants were tested over 2 testing waves: before the COVID-19 lockdown (January 2020) and during the COVID-19 lockdown (April 2020). Variables included PAL assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, sports factors, and parental factors.
The PAL significantly declined as a result of lockdown measures in the total sample (from 2.76±0.79 to 2.50±0.82). Larger absolute and relative decline of PAL was evidenced in younger adolescents. Sport participation positively influenced PAL before lockdown, with no significant influence during the lockdown. Older adolescents whose mothers were better educated were less likely to be in high risk group with regard to a large decline of PAL as a result of COVID lockdown (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.21-0.84).
Results of the study suggest that parental education influences health-related behaviors and that parental education is a protective factor against a decrease in PAL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main educational agents (i.e., school and parents) should pay more attention to provide children and adolescents adequate information and develop their health literacy, which will hopefully positively impact children's PAL even in challenging situations similar to COVID-19 lockdown. Med Pr. 2021;72(6):633-43.
avelin throw is a complex athletic discipline that requires several years of training to master a throw technique. Since teachers are time-limited, problem accruing in the teaching is how to train ...students to proper javelin throw technique as quickly as possible. Given that it is difficult to master a javelin as prop, research has been conducted to determine efficiency of vortex application as auxiliary prop in javelin throw technique training. The total number of respondents were 30 students of the first year of undergraduate Kinesiology study at University of Mostar in academic year 2016/2017. The initial measurement was made at the beginning of the classes. During the classes general exercises were used as well as vortex application as auxiliary prop in throw technique training. The final measurement and evaluation of javelin throw technique was made by three referees at the end of classes. Statistically significant difference between the initial (31,1m) and final (33,9) measurement was obtained by using the T-test . Results show that students have improved an average score in the final comparing to the initial measurement and based on obtained results it can be concluded that use of vortex has a positive effect on javelin throw training for beginners and it would be beneficial to include the prop in teaching when training students as well as younger children.
Bacanje koplja je složena atletska disciplina koja zahtijeva nekoliko godina treniranja kako bi se ovladalo tehnikom bacanja. Budući da su nastavnici ograničeni vremenom, problem koji se javlja u ...nastavi jest kako u što kraćem vremenu obučiti studente pravilnoj tehnici bacanja koplja. S obzirom da je kopljem kao rekvizitom teško ovladati, povedeno je istraživanje koje je imalo za cilj utvrditi efikasnost primjene vortexa kao pomoćnog rekvizita pri obučavanju tehnike bacanja koplja. Ukupan broj ispitanika bio je 30 studenata prve godine preddiplomskog studija Kineziologije Sveučilišta u Mostaru u akademskoj 2016/2017 godini. Na početku nastave odrađeno je inicijalno mjerenje, tijekom nastave koristile su se opće vježbe, kao i primjena vortexa kao pomoćnog rekvizita u obuci tehnike bacanja, a na kraju nastave je odrađeno finalno mjerenje i ocjenjivanje tehnike bacanja koplja od strane 3 suca. Primjenom T-testa dobila se statistički značajna razlika između inicijalnog (31,1m)i finalnog (33,9m) mjerenja.Rezultati pokazuju da su studenti poboljšali prosječan rezultat u finalnom u odnosu na inicijalno mjerenje te se na osnovu dobivenih rezultata može se pretpostaviti da korištenje vortexaima pozitivno djelovanje na obuku bacanja koplja kod početnika i da bi bilo poželjno taj rekvizit uključiti u nastavu prilikom obuke studenata, ali i mlađih uzrasta.
The main goal of this research was to determine the differences in nutritional levels between sixth grade female students from Central, Northern and Southern region of Montenegro. The sample ...consisted of 43 girls aged 11- 12 years, who were divided into 3 subsamples, according to the criterion of place of residence. The following variables were measured: body height, body weight, and waist circumference. Level of nutrition was calculated using two indices body mass index and waist-to-height ratio index, which are presented numerically and in percentages. Basic central and dispersion parameters were calculated for each variable. Differences in nutrition levels between regions were calculated by the Chi square test. According to the results, female students from the Northern region are more obese than the other two regions. Also, not too worrying percentages of obese children have been obtained, but we should definitely work on its prevention and prevention of its occurrence.
Cavar, M, Marsic, T, Corluka, M, Culjak, Z, Cerkez Zovko, I, Müller, A, Tschakert, G, and Hofmann, P. Effects of 6 weeks of different high-intensity interval and moderate continuous training on ...aerobic and anaerobic performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 44-56, 2019-To provide practical data, we compared the training effects of 3 different programs, using a shuttle run stimulus, on aerobic and anaerobic performance, measured using the 20-m maximal shuttle run (Beep) test and 300-yd shuttle run, respectively. Forty-five physically trained men, with a mean age of 21.1 ± 1.8 years, participated. The 6-week, 12-session training programs included 2 high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols, with either a short (SH) or long (LH) shuttle run interval, and a continuous shuttle run (CON), which was used as a control. The training intensity was based on the maximal shuttle run speed (MASS), measured on the Beep test, to elicit the relevant values of the time to exhaustion (TTE). Short (SH) training was performed at 115-120%(MASS), with a 10-second work to 10-second rest scheme, and the number of repetitions to be completed set to 70% of each participant's maximum (∼15 repetitions). LH training was performed at an intensity of 90-95%(MASS), with the duration set to 70%(TTE) (∼4 minutes). For both SH and LH, 3 sets were completed at each session, with a 2-3 minutes of rest between sets. CON training consisted of continuous shuttle running for 35 minutes at an intensity of 70%(MASS). Both SH and LH yielded a large training effect (p < 0.01), with SH preferentially improving anaerobic performance and LH preferentially improving aerobic performance. No effect of CON training was identified. Our findings indicate that these different training protocols cannot be used interchangeably and that the Beep test is useful in prescribing the intensity and duration of HIIT.
Suvremeni način života uzrok je sve veće pojave nepravilnih tjelesnih držanja kod djece i adolescenata. Kod sportaša nepravilna tjelesna držanja mogu izazvati brojne kronične zdravstvene probleme i ...ozljede koje utječu na njihovu uspješnost u sportu. Rukometnu igru karakterizira dinamičnost i pokretljivost, uz stalne i brze promjene položaja tijela i elemenata tehnike. Zbog određenih karakteristika rukometa kao sporta (dijelovi tehnike koji su asimetrični zbog igranja jednom rukom) postoji osnovana sumnja, da su rukometaši izloženi faktorima koji mogu uzrokovati razvoj posturalnih deformiteta. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati je li skoliotično držanje česta pojava u adolescenata koji treniraju rukomet, te postoji li povezanost između relevantnih pokazatelja nepravilnog držanja i dominantne ruke sa skoliotičnim tjelesnim držanjem kod rukometaša. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku 98 adolescenata u dobi od 13-18 godina koji su uključeni u trenažni proces preko tri godine, a testirani su kliničkim Adamsovim testom pretklona. Za utvrđivanje tipova tjelesnog držanja primijenjen je posteriorni pregled. Uzorak varijabli za procjenu tjelesnog držanja sadržavao je numeričke vrijednosti osam referentnih točaka u posteriornom pregledu. Za utvrđivanje razlika između skupina u varijablama upitnika, te kod utvrđivanja razlike između ispitanika kod varijabli dobivenih iz upitnika, korišten je Hi kvadrat test, te je određena kontingencijska tablica s frekvencijama i postotcima. Ustanovljena je značajna razlika između desnostranog i normalnog tjelesnog držanja, gdje su ispitanici s desnostranim držanjem značajno više godina proveli trenirajući rukomet u odnosu na one sa normalnim držanjem, što navodi na zaključak kako ovaj sport može da se povezuje uz pojavu skoliotičnog držanja.
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