Introductory part of the paper discusses theories about readers in the last decades of the 20th century. In particular, two big theoretical schools are discussed: aesthetic reception theory and ...reader-response-criticism movement. Readers are a subject of very different scientific disciplines: literature theory, sociology, anthropology, book history and library science. The idea that a reader is an essential subject for future life of a literary work is common to all theorists. By constructing the theory about a reader, theorists have thought about the reader who uses the conventions of printed text. The issue whether these concepts correspond to electronic surroundings is discussed. Characteristics of the hypertext are emphasized as a new paradigm, and also the issue weather readers enjoys in hypertextual fiction. In conclusion, paper expands the virtual dimension of Isers's theory about interaction between the text and the reader, and also Fish's concept of “interpretative community” which may be constituted on the Internet as a flexible virtual community.
Tuberkuloza je bila velik zdravstveni problem u Splitu između dvaju
svjetskih ratova (1918–1941). U zdravstvenom prosvjećivanju, kao jednoj od
preventivnih metoda liječenja te opake bolesti na tragu ...Štamparovih
socijalno-medicinskih ideja, razbijanju predrasuda i senzibiliziranju javnosti
za suočavanje s posljedicama bolesti, važnu su ulogu imale znanstvene
publikacije, časopisi i lokalne novine. U radu se uspostavlja kontinuitet
stvaranja zabilježenoga javnoga znanja, s posebnim osvrtom na ulogu masovnih
medija:
Novoga doba,
važnoga političko-informativnoga dnevnika koji je
izlazio od 1918. do 22. travnja 1941., i
Jadranskoga dnevnika,
koji je izlazio
između 1934. i 1938. Oba su dnevnika uspješno obavljala društvenu funkciju
informiranja, oblikovanja javnoga mišljenja i širenja znanja, prenoseći svu
složenost i nužnost modernizacijskih praksi koje su mijenjale Split i činile ga
modernim gradom. Jedna od tih modernizacijskih praksi bila je i borba s
tuberkulozom kao ozbiljnim socijalno-medicinskim problemom.
Tuberculosis was a major health problem in Split between the two world
wars. Scientific publications, journals, and local newspapers played an
important role in health ducation as one of the preventive treatment methods of
this nefarious disease, which is based on Štampar’s sociomedical ideas, as well
as in shattering prejudices and raising popular awareness of how to face the
consequences of the disease. This paper establishes the existence of a
continuity in the creation of recorded public knowledge relevant to this topic,
with particular reference to the role of mass media such as
Novo doba
and
Jadranski dnevnik.
Novo doba
was a very important
political-informative weekly newspaper published from 1918 until 22 April 1941.
Jadranski dnevnik
was published from 1934 to 1938. Both papers successfully
performed their social function of providing information, shaping public
opinion, and spreading knowledge, transferring all the complexity and necessity
of modernisation practices that were changing Split and making it into a modern
city. Among these modernisation practices was the struggle against tuberculosis
as a serious socio-medical problem.
Tuberculosis was a major health problem in Split between the two world wars. Scientific publications, journals, and local newspapers played an important role in health ducation as one of the ...preventive treatment methods of this nefarious disease, which is based on Štampar’s sociomedical ideas, as well as in shattering prejudices and raising popular awareness of how to face the consequences of the disease. This paper establishes the existence of a continuity in the creation of recorded public knowledge relevant to this topic, with particular reference to the role of mass media such as Novo doba and Jadranski dnevnik. Novo doba was a very important political-informative weekly newspaper published from 1918 until 22 April 1941. Jadranski dnevnik was published from 1934 to 1938. Both papers successfully performed their social function of providing information, shaping public opinion, and spreading knowledge, transferring all the complexity and necessity of modernisation practices that were changing Split and making it into a modern city. Among these modernisation practices was the struggle against tuberculosis as a serious socio-medical problem.
U radu se medijski diskurs o čitaonicama i knjižnicama analizira kao povijesni fenomen koji opisuje mjesto i ulogu čitaonica i knjižnica u Dalmaciji između 60-ih godina 19. st. i Prvoga svjetskog ...rata. Članci u dalmatinskim novinama iz toga razdoblja, kao materijalizirani oblici diskursa, nude odgovore na bitna pitanja povijesti hrvatskog knjižničarstva: pod kojim su se uvjetima osnivale čitaonice i knjižnice te kakav je temeljni koncept određivao njihovo mjesto i ulogu u konkretnom povijesnom razdoblju.Opisuje se povijesni kontekst, uvjeti pojavljivanja diskursa, funkcije i tip diskursa, konceptualna struktura i transformacijski procesi prema novim diskursnim praksama.
Analizom je diskursa utvrđeno da su čitaonice i knjižnice kulturne činjenice na koje snažno utječe socijalni kontekst. Uočene su dvije faze u razvoju diskursa: u prvoj fazi diskurs snažno sudjeluje u metaforičkim igrama i konstrukciji mitskih struktura - etničkog identiteta, narodnog jedinstva i jezične zajednice. Na konceptualnoj razini uloga čitaonica i knjižnica prepoznaje se u dekonstrukciji tradicionalnih odnosa - one su teritorijalno zaokruženo ekskluzivno mjesto simboličke produkcije, tvorbe novih društvenih struktura i kulturnih vrijednosti. U tom kontekstu, aktivnosti knjižnica znatno su manje medijski prezentirane nego druge aktivnosti čitaonica.
Drugu fazu, koja počinje sredinom 90-ih godina 19. st., obilježava umnožavanje diskursa, diferencijacija organizacijskih oblika i funkcija knjižnica od ostalih funkcija kulture te snažan upliv novog diskursa. Medijski diskurs prezentira promjenu konceptualnih struktura, pa se mjesto i uloga knjižnica tumače u okviru sve snažnije uloge znanja i obrazovanja u ostvarivanju ciljeva društva u zaoštrenoj socijalnoj diferencijaciji i potrebi daljnje izgradnje modernoga društva i kolektivnog subjektiviteta. Osnovno je obilježje ove razvojne faze, ako tražimo razliku u odnosu na prethodnu, snažan upliv diskursa o znanju, institucionalno podržanog ulogom knjižnica u njegovoj distribuciji.
The paper focuses on the media discourse on reading rooms and libraries as a historical phenomenon that describes the role and place of reading rooms and libraries in Dalmatia in the 60ties of the ...19th century and World War I. The papers in Dalmatian newspapers from that period, as materialized forms of discourse, answer many important questions related to the history of Croatian librarianship: how were the reading rooms and libraries established and what crucial concept determined their role and place in a particular period in history. The paper presents the historical concept, conditions in which the discourse occurred, discourse types and functions, conceptual structure, and transformation processes towards new discourse practices. The discourse analysis has shown that the reading rooms and libraries are cultural artifacts strongly influenced by the social context. Two stages in the development of discourse have been identified: in the first stage the discourse takes a considerable role in metaphorical games and construction of mythical structures - ethnic identity, national unity and language community. On the conceptual level the role of reading rooms and libraries is recognized in the deconstruction of traditional relations - they are a territorially separate, exclusive place of symbolic production, creation of new social structures and cultural values. In that context, the activities of libraries are underrepresented compared to other activities of reading rooms. The second stage, which started in the 90ies of the 19th century, is marked by discourse multiplication, differentiation of library organization structure and function from other functions of culture, and the strong influence of new discourse. The media discourse presents the change of conceptual structures, in which the role and place of libraries is interpreted in the context of the role of knowledge and education in meeting society goals in the situation of social differentiation, and need for further construction of modern society and collective subjectivism. By contrast, the main feature of this stage is the strong influence of the knowledge discourse, supported institutionally by the role of libraries in knowledge dissemination.
Povijest školskih knjižnica u Dalmaciji počinje u 19. st., kada se one formiraju kao diferencirani i definirani subjekti u okviru sustava obrazovanja u Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji. U ovom je radu ...opisano stanje dalmatinskog pučkog školstva do njegove reforme 1869. i institucionalni okvir djelovanja školskih knjižnica pučkih škola nakon reforme, te je konceptualizirana društvena dimenzija njihova djelovanja. Prikazan je društveni, kulturološki i gospodarski sklop u kojemu su provođene reforme, zakoni i pravilnici kojima je uređen rad knjianica, te se pokušalo procijeniti kulturno stanje na dalmatinskom selu prije i nakon reforme. Pošlo se od teze da je škola, a u sklopu nje i školska knjižnica, modernizacijska ustanova. Kao takva, školska je knjižnica osim obrazovnih i odgojnih imala i šire zadaće koje je definiraju u sklopu modernizacijske tranzicije Dalmacije u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća. Podloga za takav pristup bila je analiza izabranih referentnih tekstova u stručnoj i drugoj periodici i literatura koja se bavi poviješću školstva u Dalmaciji.O reformi pučkog školstva u Dalmaciji objavljeni su mnogi radovi, ali se organizaciji i djelovanju školskih knjižnica, posebice knjižnica pučkih škola, pridavalo malo pozornosti. Ovaj se rad bavi upravo institucionalnim okvirima izgradnje sustava i uspostave školskih knjižnica u Dalmaciji u sklopu reforme obrazovanja koju je Austro- -Ugarska Monarhija provela u drugoj polovici 19. st., tj. zakonskim i organizacijskim okvirima te konceptualizacijom njihova djelovanja u kontekstu tadašnjih socijalnih prilika.
The history of school libraries in Dalmatia dates back to the 19th century, when they were established as differentiated and defined subjects within the education system in the Austro-Hungarian ...monarchy. The important heritage of the reform of primary and secondary schools organized by the Austro-Hungarian authorities was the creation of the library network within the education system.
This paper describes the situation in the Dalmatian primary school education prior to the 1869 reform, and the institutional framework for the primary school libraries following the reform. It also conceptualizes the social dimension of their work. We have also shown the social, cultural, and economic framework for the reforms, implementation of laws and regulations that focused on their work, and tried to estimate the cultural situation in Dalmatian villages before and after the reform. We have shown the reform of secondary education and the development of secondary school libraries. The libraries were founded after the adoption of the 1871 Act on Principles of Primary School Education, temporary school and teaching regulation of 1870, and the 1871 Regulations on School Libraries. This is the time when regional teacher libraries were established as a tool for the further education of teachers. We have also described the Regulations for both school and teachers’ libraries. Our hypothesis is that schools, including school libraries, are modernizing institutions. As such, school libraries had a wider range of tasks defined within the modernizing transition of Dalmatia in the late 19th century. The basis for such an approach was the analysis of selected reference texts in periodicals and the literature on the history of school education in Dalmatia.
Many papers on the reform of primary schools in Dalmatia have been published, but the organization and activities of school libraries has received little attention. This paper focuses on the institutional frameworks for setting up school libraries in Dalmatia within the education reform implemented by the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in the late 19th century, i.e. with the legal and organizational frameworks and their conceptualization in the context of the social situation of the time.
Key words : education reform, school libraries, public libraries, history of education, Dalmatia, 19th century, modernization.
U uvodnom dijelu rada raspravlja se o teorijama čitatelja u posljednjim desetljećima 20. stoljeća, a posebice o dva teoretska pristupa: estetičkoj teoriji recepcije i responsivnom čitatelju. ...Čitatelji su tema različitih znanstvenih disciplina, poput teorije književnosti, sociologije, antropologije, povijesti knjige i knjižničarstva. Ideja da je čitatelj temeljni subjekt budućeg života literarnog djela zajednička je svim teoretičarima. Teorije o čitatelju podrazumijevaju čitatelja koji koristi konvencije pisanog teksta, te se u radu raspravlja jesu li takvi koncepti primjenjivi i u elektroničkom okruženju. Karakteristike hiperteksta naglašene su kao nova paradigma, a postavljeno je i pitanje uživaju li čitatelji u hipertekstualnoj fikciji. U zaključku rad razmatra Iserovu teoriju o interakciji teksta i čitatelja u virtualnoj dimenziji te razmatra kako se Fisherov koncept “interpretativne zajednice” može uspostaviti na internetu u vidu fleksibilne virtualne zajednice.
U radu se opisuje život Vinka Milića, političara, intelektualca, publicista, pravnika i načelnika Splita od 1899. do 1905. godine. Opisani su njegova nacionalno-politička misao i dje- lovanje, ...intelektualna pozicija i interesi te društvena aktivnost u kontekstu dramatičnih zbivanja druge polovice 19. i početka 20. stoljeća u Dalmaciji i Hrvatskoj u kojima je Milić bio aktivni sudionik i „jedan iz prvih redova“.
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