This paper reports the data obtained from electrospray mass spectra of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) recorded at different concentrations of electrolytes in the positive and negative ion mode, for ...five different times of acquisition. Using the Excel program, we show the changes in intensities of the peak assigned to a given cluster ion with increasing acquisition time and increasing salt concentration. Moreover, for DS monomers and dimers the correlations were found between the relative peak intensities, PMe/Na, and concentration ratios, Me/DS (Me and DS are concentrations of metal and dodecyl sulfate ions, respectively). The PMe/Na values are numerical measures of the competition between metal, Me, and sodium, Na, cations in their binding with DS monomers and dimers. Generally, the data presented herein may be used to predict the type of cluster ions formed in a given mixture of an anionic surfactant with a divalent metal salt and a possible correlation between the peak height of a given cluster ion and the electrolyte concentration and acquisition time. For a broad discussion of the dataset obtained for Me/DS = 1, please refer to the research article “Interactions of divalent metal cations with headgroups of monomers, dimers, and trimers of anionic surfactant” (Jakubowska, 2021).
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The aim of the study was exploration of the properties of wool derived from sheep reared in Poland. Twenty-nine breeds of sheep diverse from the type of farming, e.g. for meat, dual-purpose breeds ...for wool-milk, and versatile wool are bred in Poland, but only few of them have uniform wool. Because there is a lack of data determining quality and quantity of Polish wool, the wool-based textile industry in Poland uses mainly imported raw material. Wool quality has an impact on processing efficiency and determines possibility of its further use. In order to assess the wool quality from the local sheep breeds (Polish Merino, Olkuska, Żelaźnieńska, Polish Lowland Sheep), fiber parameters were evaluated: average fiber diameter, length, curvature, and comfort factor. The wool was subjected to microscopic analysis and color examination. Results of the study showed that wool from the above-mentioned sheep breeds varies greatly in terms of quality. The obtained data helps fill the information gap on Polish wool.
This paper concerns the management of natural waste fibres. The aim of this research was the production of multifunctional acoustic and thermal insulation materials from natural protein and ...lignocellulosic fibre wastes, according to a circular bioeconomy. For the manufacture of the materials, local mountain sheep wool and a mixture of bast fibre waste generated by string production were used. Insulating materials in the form of mats produced by the needle-punching technique with different fibre contents were obtained. The basic parameters of the mats, i.e., the thickness, surface weight and air permeability were determined. To assess barrier properties, sound absorption and noise reduction coefficients, as well as thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, were measured. It was shown that the mats exhibit barrier properties in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation related to the composition of the mat. It was found that mats with a higher content of the bast fibres possess a greater ability to absorb sounds, while mats with higher wool contents exhibit better thermal insulation properties. The produced mats can serve as a good alternative to commonly used acoustic and thermal insulating materials. The production of the described materials allows for a reduction in the amount of natural fibre waste and achieves the goal of "zero waste" according to the European Green Deal strategy.
ABSTRACTThe wool of several native breeds raised in Polish mountains and foothills was examined. The content of natural contaminants and basic wool parameters, thickness and length was determined ...during investigations. In addition, the wool morphology was analyzed by electron microscopic observations. It was revealed, that the fleece of sheep for all breeds is a mixed type, which is formed from more delicate, thinner and shorter wool with the addition of thicker and longer guarded hairs. In the fraction of guarded hairs, a high amount of medullated fibers and kemp occur. Comparing the wool obtained from sheep of white and colored varieties, it is stated that wool has similar characteristics. Additionally, it was found that similar parameters exhibit wool obtained from sheep of the same breed originating from various flocks raised in different locations. Analyzing the wool characteristics, the possibilities for its potential application were indicated.
The study explored the impact of the hydrodynamic degumming process applied for decorticated monomorphic flax on fiber quality. The experiment was designed as the first stage of research leading to ...the development of a method for decorticated flax fiber elementarization and cottonization; in particular, effectively dividing the fiber bundles to ensure low linear density and reducing impurities in the content, to make the fibers suitable for cotton spinning systems. The degumming process of the decorticated fibers covered hydrodynamic disposal of the gluing substances, mainly pectins from the fibers, with use of a specially designed lab-scale Model Device for Physical Degumming of the Flax Fibers. The degummed fibers were tested for linear density, length, impurity content and chemical composition by thermogravimetric analysis combined with the analysis of evolved gases (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and analysis of images of fiber cross-sections and longitudinal views from a scanning electron microscope. The study outcomes allowed us to determine the optimal parameters of the degumming process applied for decorticated flax fibers, in which the obtained fibers were of the highest quality. It was found that the optimal parameters of the process were a bath temperature of 30°C and a degumming process duration of 24 hours. These lab-scale process conditions were used in further work on the degumming process of flax fiber carried out on a semi-technical scale, followed by a mechanical cottonization of the fiber, at the final stage of the technological chain.
Natural fibers, which are an important part of human environment, are also valuable raw materials used for textile and non-textile production. Diversity of natural fiber shapes and forms is caused by ...their occurrence in different climatic zones. The abundance of the fiber sources arouses interest and gives opportunity for more comprehensive studies and, what follows, finding new applications for the fibers in industry. This paper presents collection of well- and little-known natural fibers from exotic plants that come from various climatic zones. Image analysis conducted by SEM techniques is a reliable method for evaluation of parameters characterizing surface and cross section of natural fibers. Some information about properties and application of the fibers is also provided.
ABSTRACTThe work deals characteristics of new flax Hera variety in terms of fiber quality with regard to agronomic assessment and seeds quality. The results of the analyzes were related to the ...reference varieties Nike, Sara and Modran grown in Poland in 2022 season. The study included evaluation of agrotechnical experiment, flax straw and fiber evaluation taking into account the morphology and surface as well cross section of flax fiber. Moreover, seeds quality assessment were conducted. Hera variety was characterized by the highest total (6.27 t/ha, 0.627 kg/m2) and straw yield (5.16 t/ha, 0.516 kg/m2). Straw of Hera variety was characterized by the best average total (78.5 cm) as well as average technical (66.5 cm) length and average diameter (1.43 mm). In addition, it has fiber to raw straw content (16.42%) at a level comparable to the reference varieties. The metrological analysis of the fiber showed that the Hera variety fiber can be a good raw material for production of yarns.
To estimate the risk of breast cancer in a woman who has a CHEK2 mutation depending on her family history of breast cancer.
Seven thousand four hundred ninety-four BRCA1 mutation-negative patients ...with breast cancer and 4,346 control women were genotyped for four founder mutations in CHEK2 (del5395, IVS2+1G>A, 1100delC, and I157T).
A truncating mutation (IVS2+1G>A, 1100delC, or del5395) was present in 227 patients (3.0%) and in 37 female controls (0.8%; odds ratio OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.1). The OR was higher for women with a first- or second-degree relative with breast cancer (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 3.3 to 7.6) than for women with no family history (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.3 to 4.7). If both a first- and second-degree relative were affected with breast cancer, the OR was 7.3 (95% CI, 3.2 to 16.8). Assuming a baseline risk of 6%, we estimate the lifetime risks for carriers of CHEK2 truncating mutations to be 20% for a woman with no affected relative, 28% for a woman with one second-degree relative affected, 34% for a woman with one first-degree relative affected, and 44% for a woman with both a first- and second-degree relative affected.
CHEK2 mutation screening detects a clinically meaningful risk of breast cancer and should be considered in all women with a family history of breast cancer. Women with a truncating mutation in CHEK2 and a positive family history of breast cancer have a lifetime risk of breast cancer of greater than 25% and are candidates for magnetic resonance imaging screening and for tamoxifen chemoprevention.
Summary Background Mutations in PALB2 predispose to breast cancer, but the effect on prognosis of carrying a PALB2 mutation has not been ascertained. We aimed to estimate the odds ratio for breast ...cancer in women with an inherited mutation in PALB2 and 10-year survival after breast cancer in patients who carry a PALB2 mutation. Methods Between 1996 and 2012, patients with invasive breast cancer were recruited prospectively from 18 hospitals in Poland and genotyped for two deleterious mutations in PALB2 (509_510delGA and 172_175delTTGT). A control group of 4702 women without cancer was recruited for comparison. The primary endpoint was death from any cause, as determined by medical records from the Polish Ministry of the Interior and Administration. In patients with breast cancer, 10-year survival of carriers of a PALB2 mutation was calculated and compared with that of non-carriers. Findings 17 900 women with breast cancer were invited to participate, of whom 12 529 were genotyped successfully. A PALB2 mutation was present in 116 (0·93%, 95% CI 0·76–1·09) of 12 529 patients and in ten (0·21%, 0·08–0·34) of 4702 controls (odds ratio 4·39, 95% CI 2·30–8·37; p<0·0001). 10-year survival for women with breast cancer and a PALB2 mutation was 48·0% (95% CI 36·5–63·2), compared with 74·7% (73·5–75·8) for patients with breast cancer without a mutation (adjusted hazard ratio for death 2·27, 95% CI 1·64–3·15; p<0·0001). Interpretation Women with a PALB2 mutation face an increased risk of breast cancer and might be at a higher risk of death from breast cancer compared with non-carriers. Increased surveillance should be offered to unaffected women who carry a PALB2 mutation. Funding Polish National Science Centre.
Lung cancer is the most common adult malignancy accounting for the largest proportion of cancer related deaths. Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element and is a component of several major metabolic ...pathways playing an important role in many physiological processes. In this study we evaluated the association between Fe concentration in serum, iron metabolism parameters and genetic variaton in 7 genes involved in iron metabolism and anti-oxidative processes with the incidence of lung cancer in Poland.
The study included 200 lung cancer patients and 200 matched healthy control subjects. We analyzed serum iron concentration and iron metabolism parameters (TIBC, UIBC, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation), and genotyped seven variants in seven genes: HFE, TFR1, HAMP, TF, SOD2, CAT and GPX1.
Lung cancer patients compared to their matched controls had significantly higher mean serum iron level (p = 0.01), ferritin level (p = 0.007) and TIBC (p = 0.006). Analysis revealed that higher concentration of iron and ferritin (IVth quartile) compared to the lower concentration (Ist quartile) was associated with over 2-fold increased lung cancer incidence. We also found that higher transferrin saturation (p = 0.01) and lower TIBC (p<0.01) are associated with better survival of lung cancer patients. The analysis of polymorphisms in iron related genes did not reveal a significant difference between lung cancer patients and controls. However, rs10421768 in HAMP showed a borderline statistically significant correlation with lung cancer risk (OR = 2.83, p = 0.05).
The results of this case control study indicate that higher body iron represented by higher Fe and ferritin levels may be associated with lung cancer incidence. Rs10421768 in HAMP may be associated with about 3-times higher lung cancer risk. Higher Fe body content may be associated with better survival of lung cancer patients.
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