Gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers. This review introduces ...the field of nanotechnology with a focus on recent gold nanoparticle research which has led to early-phase clinical trials. In particular, the pre-clinical evidence for gold nanoparticles as sensitisers with ionising radiation in vitro and in vivo at kilovoltage and megavoltage energies is discussed.
We simulate the flow of two immiscible and incompressible fluids separated by an interface in a homogeneous turbulent shear flow at a shear Reynolds number equal to 15 200. The viscosity and density ...of the two fluids are equal, and various surface tensions and initial droplet diameters are considered in the present study. We show that the two-phase flow reaches a statistically stationary turbulent state sustained by a non-zero mean turbulent production rate due to the presence of the mean shear. Compared to single-phase flow, we find that the resulting steady-state conditions exhibit reduced Taylor-microscale Reynolds numbers owing to the presence of the dispersed phase, which acts as a sink of turbulent kinetic energy for the carrier fluid. At steady state, the mean power of surface tension is zero and the turbulent production rate is in balance with the turbulent dissipation rate, with their values being larger than in the reference single-phase case. The interface modifies the energy spectrum by introducing energy at small scales, with the difference from the single-phase case reducing as the Weber number increases. This is caused by both the number of droplets in the domain and the total surface area increasing monotonically with the Weber number. This reflects also in the droplet size distribution, which changes with the Weber number, with the peak of the distribution moving to smaller sizes as the Weber number increases. We show that the Hinze estimate for the maximum droplet size, obtained considering break-up in homogeneous isotropic turbulence, provides an excellent estimate notwithstanding the action of significant coalescence and the presence of a mean shear.
Background
Orthognathic surgery involves movement of jaws in all three planes, and this being a part of airway complex, displacement of jaws can influence the dimension of airway at all levels. ...Lefort one osteotomy surgery with superior repositioning is a common procedure done for patients with vertical maxillary excess
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional volumetric changes in airway after lefort one impaction surgery using three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (3D-CBCT) in patients with vertical maxillary excess (VME).
Methods
A prospective analysis of 15 patients who underwent isolated lefort one impaction surgery was done with pre-operative (T0) and 3-months (T1) post-operative 3D-CBCT scans. Airway was divided into three segments, nasopharyngeal, velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal. Volumetric analysis of all these segments was done before and after surgery. Paired ‘t test’ was used to assess the mean difference in airway volume and area between T0 and T1. One-way ANOVA was used to check the mean percentage difference in airway volume and area among the three segments.
Results
The mean percentage of nasopharyngeal volume difference was − 0.6299 ± 0.9146%, velopharyngeal volume difference was − 0.5205 ± 1.107%, oropharyngeal volume difference was − 1.492 ± 2.745%. Though volume and area of pharyngeal airway were decreased after maxillary impaction surgery in all three segments of airway studied, they were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Among the three segments of airway studied, oropharyngeal airway volume has shown the highest post-surgical reduction though statistically insignificant. ESS scores were within normal limits. Hence, we are of the opinion that there is lack of evidence to conclude that the patients undergoing lefort one superior repositioning for the treatment of VME might develop significant narrowing of PAS that may predispose the patient to breathing disorders.
In this study, we aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, short-term prognosis, and myocardial tissue changes as noted on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) or cardiac MRI in pediatric ...patients with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination-associated myocarditis (C-VAM).
In this retrospective multicenter study across 16 US hospitals, patients <21 years of age with a diagnosis of C-VAM were included and compared with a cohort with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Younger children with C-VAM were compared with older adolescents.
Sixty-three patients with a mean age of 15.6 years were included; 92% were male. All had received a messenger RNA vaccine and, except for one, presented after the second dose. Four patients had significant dysrhythmia; 14% had mild left ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography, which resolved on discharge; 88% met the diagnostic CMR Lake Louise criteria for myocarditis. Myocardial injury as evidenced by late gadolinium enhancement on CMR was more prevalent in comparison with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. None of the patients required inotropic, mechanical, or circulatory support. There were no deaths. Follow-up data obtained in 86% of patients at a mean of 35 days revealed resolution of symptoms, arrhythmias, and ventricular dysfunction.
Clinical characteristics and early outcomes are similar between the different pediatric age groups in C-VAM. The hospital course is mild, with quick clinical recovery and excellent short-term outcomes. Myocardial injury and edema are noted on CMR. Close follow-up and further studies are needed to understand the long-term implications and mechanism of these myocardial tissue changes.
Soft solids in fluids find wide range of applications in science and engineering, especially in the study of biological tissues and membranes. In this study, an Eulerian finite volume approach has ...been developed to simulate fully resolved incompressible hyperelastic solids immersed in a fluid. We have adopted the recently developed reference-map technique (RMT) by Valkov et al. (2015) 122 and assessed multiple improvements for this approach. These modifications maintain the numerical robustness of the solver and allow the simulations without any artificial viscosity in the solid regions (to stabilize the solver). This has also resulted in eliminating the striations (“wrinkles”) of the fluid-solid interface that was seen before and hence obviates the need for any additional routines to achieve a smooth interface. An approximate projection method has been used to project the velocity field onto a divergence free field. Cost and accuracy improvements of the modifications on the method have also been discussed.
•An Eulerian formulation for the simulation of fluid-solid incompressible flows.•Least-square procedure for extrapolation of reference-map results in higher accuracy at lower costs.•Modified reference-map advection equation results in improved robustness of the method.•Wrinkle free solid-fluid interface has been achieved with no artificial damping/smoothing.
Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and renal impairment. It also leads to target organ damage ...(TOD), which worsens organ function and the patient's clinical status. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress may contribute significantly to TOD in patients with hypertension. NO (nitric oxide) is a paracrine factor derived from endothelial cells that has been shown to alleviate ROS-mediated oxidative damage. Nebivolol is a third-generation β-blocker with vasodilator activity, both actions contributing to decreased blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Its vasodilatory function is mediated by the endothelial l-arginine NO pathway. Nebivolol increases the bioavailability of NO in the vasculature. Its efficacy and safety profile is comparable to other commonly used antihypertensive agents. In this article, we review the current literature to understand TOD secondary to oxidative stress in patients with hypertension and the role of nebivolol in its prevention. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which nebivolol reduces ROS-mediated TOD will not only help in the development of targeted therapies but may also improve health outcomes in hypertensive patients.
Introduction
Many classification system and mental health act in many country attempted to define mental illness but mental health perse has not been defined.Some unaddressed question like ” what is ...diseased in mental illness, what do you treat or set right by treatment, how the psychiatrist say that a pateint is improved and describe or define mental health” are addressed.
Objectives
Working concept for professionals of all allied clinical disciplines. Enable them to understand mental illness and mental health in a uniform and consistent way. Enable all MHP to speak the same language, without room for personal bias. Avoid misconceptions and reduce the stigma with mental illness
Methods
We divided spectrum of mental health into M
entally Healthy, Not Healthy, Unhealthy and ill
. Based on two dimension: 1.
impact on self and 2. Impact on other. Awareness of ones own self, ability to relate well with other and ones own actions are useful to self as well as others
are the three arms of mental health.
Results
A presentation was given to psychiatrist & allied sciences professional & members from judicairy, technolocrats, industrialist and educationist. Interaction was recorded and analysed, people even gave their responses comments and suggestions by mail and writing.
Conclusions
Mind is defined as a functional concept consists of
Mood Thought and Intellect
which is nicely amalgamated in a synchronised manner which always function in unison and the constituents cannot function in isolation. The three arms of the mental health are used to develop a tool to measure the same. All details will be discussed during the presentation.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Water pollution has been one of the major issues of the present time. It is essential to educate students regarding this issue and its possible solutions. In this article, a demonstration of a ...typical adsorption-based water cleaning process is presented. The removal of methylene blue (MB) and detergent from a aqueous solution is demonstrated using rice husk as the adsorbent. Quantification of the MB removal was achieved with the help of a smartphone-based colorimetry process. This demonstration would be helpful to students for understanding the adsorption process, calibration curves, and waste management. The kinetic study of adsorption will help students learn various kinetic models and their applications.
Aims
Plant root‐associated rhizobacteria elicit plant immunity referred to as induced systemic tolerance (IST) against multiple abiotic stresses. Among multibacterial determinants involved in IST, ...the induction of IST and promotion of growth by putative bacterial volatile compounds (VOCs) is reported in the present study.
Methods and Results
To characterize plant proteins induced by putative bacterial VOCs, proteomic analysis was performed by MALDI‐MS/MS after exposure of soybean seedlings to a new strain of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas simiae strain AU. Furthermore, expression analysis by Western blotting confirmed that the vegetative storage protein (VSP), gamma‐glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) and RuBisCo large chain proteins were significantly up‐regulated by the exposure to AU strain and played a major role in IST. VSP has preponderant roles in N accumulation and mobilization, acid phosphatase activity and Na+ homeostasis to sustain plant growth under stress condition. More interestingly, plant exposure to the bacterial strain significantly reduced Na+ and enhanced K+ and P content in root of soybean seedlings under salt stress. In addition, high accumulation of proline and chlorophyll content also provided evidence of protection against osmotic stress during the elicitation of IST by bacterial exposure.
Conclusions
The present study reported for the first time that Ps. simiae produces a putative volatile blend that can enhance soybean seedling growth and elicit IST against 100 mmol l−1 NaCl stress condition.
Significance and Impact of the Study
The identification of such differentially expressed proteins provide new targets for future studies that will allow assessment of their physiological roles and significance in the response of glycophytes to stresses. Further work should uncover more about the chemical side of VOC compounds and a detailed study about their molecular mechanism responsible for plant growth.
This work presents a comparison of various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques applied to 1-straight phi, single-stage, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. A representative ...single-stage grid-connected PV system, based on buck-boost converter topology operating in discontinuous current mode, with sine-triangle pulse width modulation and feeding sinusoidal power into the grid, is considered for this study. MPPT techniques are compared on the basis of the time taken to reach (track) the MPP, operating point oscillations in the vicinity of MPP and the dependence of the algorithms, if any, on array configuration and parameters. Comparison is also made on the basis of the energy extracted from the PV source during the transient tracking phase. In this context, an energy tracking factor term (E^sub TF^) is introduced and defined. It is observed that all the MPPT schemes studied have their own merits and demerits. The ripple correlation and b methods offer an overall good combination of desirable features. All the results of this study are presented.
PDF
