Scientific studies in criminology mainly neglect the criminality of women, especially the perspective of women prisoners. The aim of qualitative research was to examine the experience of imprisonment ...and institutional treatment for female prisoners. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview with 10 female prisoners in female penitentiary in Croatia. Research questions focused on the experience of stay in prison, treatment, perceived changes, suggestions for treatment improvement. Data were processed with inductive thematic analysis. Five topics have been separated: Expectations before coming to penitentiary, Experience of stay in penitentiary, Experience of treatment, Perception of personal changes, and Suggestions to improve the institutional treatment. It is necessary to continuously evaluate the treatment programs implemented in correctional institutions to determine their effectiveness, therefore the perspective of female prisoners can be an important criterion for the the creation of measures and policies pursued by the state regarding correctional institutions.
Znanstvena istraživanja u području kriminologije uglavnom zanemaruju kriminalitet žena, naročito perspektivu zatvorenica. Cilj kvalitativnog istraživanja bio je ispitati doživljaj boravka u kaznionici i institucionalnog tretmana zatvorenica. Podaci su prikupljeni koristeći metodu polustrukturiranog intervjua provedenog s deset zatvorenica u Kaznionici za žene u Požegi. Istraživačka pitanja usmjerena su na doživljaj boravka u kaznionici, tretmana, percipiranih osobnih promjena i prijedloga za unaprjeđenje tretmana. Podaci su obrađeni induktivnom tematskom analizom. Izdvojeno je pet tema: očekivanja prije dolaska u kaznionicu, doživljaj boravka u kaznionici, doživljaj tretmana, percepcija osobnih promjena i prijedlozi za unaprjeđenje institucionalnog tretmana. Nužno je kontinuirano provoditi evaluacije tretmanskih programa u kaznionicama da bi se utvrdila njihova efikasnost, a perspektiva zatvorenica pri tome može biti značajan kriterij za osmišljavanje mjera i politika koje provodi država u zatvorskome sustavu.
Izricanjem i izvršavanjem zatvorskih kazni nastoji se postići opća i specijalna prevencija. Međutim, s obzirom na uvijek prisutnu mogućnost ponavljanja kaznenog djela, povratak zatvorenika u ...zajednicu dovodi do zabrinutosti javnosti, ali jednako tako predstavlja izazov za praktičare i zakonodavce. Kriminalni je povrat svakako odgovornost pojedinca, no postavlja se i pitanje, koliko društvo može doprinijeti prevenciji tog fenomena. Ovim se radom analizira potreba rada na smanjivanju kriminalnog povrata sa stajališta jačanja odgovornosti u pojedincu i njegovoj motivaciji za promjenom načina života, ali i s aspekta odgovornosti društva i ključnih dionika za aktivnosti i sadržaje kojima je potrebno odgovoriti na kriminogene potrebe zatvorenika i otpuštenih zatvorenika.
Za učinkovito izvršavanje kazne zatvora i socijalnu reintegraciju otpuštenih zatvorenika u Republici Hrvatskoj ključna su tri sustava – zatvorski, probacijski i sustav socijalne skrbi, a posljednjih godina sve se važnijim čimbenikom u ovom procesu javlja i nevladin sektor. Stoga će ovaj rad, vezan za područja djelovanja spomenutih dionika, analizirati suvremene inozemne spoznaje kao i postignuća i izazove u Republici Hrvatskoj sa stajališta smjernica za postizanje učinkovitije poslijepenalne zaštite i potrebe novih istraživanja domaće prakse. Zaključnim osvrtom sumiraju se pozitivni pomaci i inicijative u poslijepenalnoj zaštiti u našoj zemlji u skladu sa suvremenim smjernicama, uz naglasak na potrebi daljnjeg unapređivanja i istraživanja domaće prakse u pojedinim segmentima.
Struktura suvremenog tržišta droga složen je fenomen u kojemu konstantan tijek proizvodnje, ponude i potražnje ilegalnih tvari rezultira sve dinamičnijim razvojem i kretanjima, a pod velikim je ...utjecajem globalizacije i razvoja novih tehnologija, posebice interneta. Internet, kao važan facilitator na navedenom tržištu, u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća omogućio je širok pristup velikom rasponu informacija i time postao neophodan komunikacijski alat za razvoj kriminalnih aktivnosti povezanih s tržištem droga. Predstavljajući nevidljivu, skrivenu stranu interneta, i pod krinkom anonimnosti, kripto tržište, kao oblik digitalnog tržišta, pruža tako nove mogućnosti i načine trgovanja ilegalnim tvarima te na taj način preuzima monopol pred klasičnim načinima trgovanja drogom (»licem u lice«). Rad analizira suvremene znanstvene spoznaje o načinu funkcioniranja kripto tržišta droga kao i njegov utjecaj na strukturu i dinamiku suvremenog tržišta droga, a u svrhu promišljanja o razvoju preventivnih aktivnosti koje bi bile u mogućnosti suzbiti takvu vrstu kriminaliteta. Istraživanja sugeriraju da razvojem kripto tržišta tradicionalna tržišta drogom neće nestati već će se oba tržišta međusobno nadopunjavati pri čemu će djelovanje na digitalnom tržištu biti učestalije zbog veće mogućnosti zaštite identiteta njegovih glavnih aktera. Aktivnosti usmjerene na suzbijanje rada digitalnog tržišta droga predstavljaju velik izazov za brojne stručnjake koji se bave prevencijom zlouporabe ilegalnih tvari, od represivnog aparata pa sve do stručnjaka pomagačkih profesija koji zasigurno imaju veliku ulogu u osmišljavanju i implementaciji različitih preventivnih aktivnosti u ovoj domeni.
Kriminalitet povezan s ilegalnim drogama odavno je predmetom različitih vrsta istraživanja - ponajprije usmjerenih na iznalaženje mogućnosti za njegovu prevenciju. Jedan od koncepata kroz koji se ...može promatrati ova povezanost jest i koncept kriminalne karijere. Ovaj se rad bavi povezanošću dobi i činjenja kaznenih djela povezanih s ilegalnim drogama kroz koncept kriminalne karijere. Glavni rezultati pokazuju kako ispitanici najčešće čine kazneno djelo krađe s ciljem pribavljanja sredstava za kupovanje ilegalnih droga te kako sudionici pod utjecajem droge najčešće čine kaznena djela krađe, odnosno razbojništva, neovisno o promatranoj dobi. U radu se nadalje prikazuje i povezanost drugih aspekata povezanosti kriminaliteta droga i određenih dobnih skupina, što je od važnosti prilikom izučavanja ovoga fenomena u svrhu prevencije, ali i penološkog tretmana počinitelja spomenutih kaznenih djela.
Theoretical background of research in this paper is The Criminal Lifestyle Theory (Walters, 1998). This theory consist of four behavioral styles: irresponsibility, self-indulgence, interpersonal ...violence and breaking of social rules. Involvement in criminal lifestyle is assessed through participation in those behavioural styles. A questionnaire for measurement lifestyle involvement is called Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form (LCSF) and it consists of four subscales which describe four behavioral styles, mentioned above.
Walters (1998) proposed that the cognition aspect of his theory is evident in eight related thinking styles: mollification, cutoff, entitlement, power orientation, sentimentality, superoptimism, cognitive indolence and discontinuity.
The mail goal of this paper is to find out the differences between criminal thinking styles considering the involment in criminal lifestyle. The goal of this paper is also to determent the connection between four behavioral styles and eight thinking styles.
The sample consists of 415 male prisoners, placed in the State Centre for Psychosocial Diagnostics in Zagreb between december 2007. and february 2009.
The data were processed by the discriminani analysis and by the canonical-corelation analysis.
The results showed differences in criminal thinking styles between prisoners who are deeply involved in criminal activities and the prisoners that don’t show much activities in criminal lifestyle.
Cilj rada je ponuditi pregled znanstvenih saznanja o elektronickom nadzoru kao mjeri i/ili sankciji poznatoj u svijetu od osamdesetih godina proslog stoljeca, te kreirati smjernice za razvoj i ...provodenje ove sankcije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Elektronicki nadzor je naisao na siroku primjenu u praksi zemalja diljem svijeta. Opca prihvacenost elektronickog nadzora je rezultat nastojanja reduciranja zatvorske populacije i smanjenja visokih troskova vezanih uz iste.U Republici Hrvatskoj, prema dostupnoj literaturi, uocen je nedostatak interesa za ovu problematiku. Znanstveni i strucni interes usmjeren je na funkcioniranje sustava probacije, ali se tema elektronickog nadzora u sklopu navedenog sustava spominje iznimno i uglavnom u kontekstu problematiziranja cjelokupnog sustava probacije. Nedostatni su znanstveni i strucni radovi o ovoj, vrlo vaznoj temi, osobito za podrucje Republike Hrvatske koja je na pragu uvodenja ove alternativne sankcije.Planiranje i uvodenje elektronickog nadzora u RH cini dio reforme hrvatskog kaznenopravnog sustava pa je od velike vaznosti, temeljem saznanja i iskustava strane prakse, stjecanje uvida u preduvjete nuzne za planiranje i uvodenje elektronickog nadzora u hrvatski kaznenopravni sustav. English version page 51
The aim of this article is to offer an overview of the most recent scholarly advances concerning electronic monitoring as a measure and/or sanction, as it has appeared in criminal justice practice ...since the 1980s. Furthermore, the article offers guidelines for the development and further implementation of this measure in the Republic of Croatia. Electronic monitoring has been implemented in numerous countries worldwide. The general acceptance of electronic monitoring is the result of striving to reduce the prison population and reduce the high costs associated with it. Based on the extant literature, we notice a lack of interest in the matters related to electronic monitoring in the Republic of Croatia. Both the scholars' and the professionals' interest is directed towards the functioning of the probation service, while the topic of electronic monitoring is mentioned rarely, and predominantly in the context of problematizing the entire probation system. We thus note a lack of scientific and applied written work on this very important topic, particularly in the Croatian context, where this particular alternative sanction is about to be introduced.Planning and implementation of electronic monitoring in the Republic of Croatia form part of the reform of Croatian criminal justice system and it is thus of great importance, based on the knowledge and experience of international practice, to gain insight into the conditions necessary for the planning and introduction of electronic monitoring in the Croatian criminal justice system.
Strong evidence exists that alcohol consumption and violent offending are linked, and the “common cause” model suggests that this link results from shared risk factors. To test this model and further ...explore the connection between alcohol consumption and violent offending, the present study used regression analysis to examine possible relationships among alcohol consumption, violent offending and personality characteristics (extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism) in 1464 male prisoners aged 17 to 79 years who entered in Croatian prison system in 2013. and were evaluated in the Center for Diagnostics in Zagreb. The results suggest that alcohol consumption and violent offending share some personality risk factors, and that alcohol consumption mediates the relationship between personality and violent offending. These results are discussed within the framework of the common cause model, providing more detailed insights into the complex relationship among personality, alcohol consumption, and violent offending.
Bearing in mind the specifics of the functioning and organization of prisons and penitentiaries and the heterogeneity of the population serving prison sentences, the occurrence of the positioning of ...prisoners within the hierarchical system is expected. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the processes and criteria for positioning prisoners in the internal hierarchical system while serving a prison sentence, in order to identify potential activities that may affect the security level of the institution and disrupt rehabilitation efforts. A review of the literature found that the following factors have a key influence on the position of prisoners in the internal hierarchical social order: masculinity, type of crime, age and length of stay in the penitentiary institution, as well as behaviors related to adherence / violation of the prison code. The results of the literature analysis point to the fact that at the top of the hierarchy are dominant and masculine prisoners and older, experienced prisoners with longer time of imprisonment. On the other hand, the lowest positions belong to perpetrators of crimes against children and to prisoners in collusion with prison staff. The positioning of prisoners within the social hierarchy is associated with the occurrence of violent behavior, which can negatively affect the relations of prisoners with prison staff and the success and results of their rehabilitation procedures. On the other hand, the potential positive consequences, such as maintaining order or cooperation some prisoners with staff in favor of detecting and resolving internal problems, are not negligible. Adequate familiarity of professionals and staff with the social hierarchy of prisoners, as an almost inseparable part of the prison environment, can be used to create treatment methods to maintain order and security of the penitentiary institution and thus potentially improve rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life of prisoners.
Bearing in mind the specifics of the functioning and organization of prisons and penitentiaries and the heterogeneity of the population serving prison sentences, the occurrence of the positioning of ...prisoners within the hierarchical system is expected. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the processes and criteria for positioning prisoners in the internal hierarchical system while serving a prison sentence, in order to identify potential activities that may affect the security level of the institution and disrupt rehabilitation efforts. A review of the literature found that the following factors have a key influence on the position of prisoners in the internal hierarchical social order: masculinity, type of crime, age and length of stay in the penitentiary institution, as well as behaviors related to adherence / violation of the prison code. The results of the literature analysis point to the fact that at the top of the hierarchy are dominant and masculine prisoners and older, experienced prisoners with longer time of imprisonment. On the other hand, the lowest positions belong to perpetrators of crimes against children and to prisoners in collusion with prison staff. The positioning of prisoners within the social hierarchy is associated with the occurrence of violent behavior, which can negatively affect the relations of prisoners with prison staff and the success and results of their rehabilitation procedures. On the other hand, the potential positive consequences, such as maintaining order or cooperation some prisoners with staff in favor of detecting and resolving internal problems, are not negligible. Adequate familiarity of professionals and staff with the social hierarchy of prisoners, as an almost inseparable part of the prison environment, can be used to create treatment methods to maintain order and security of the penitentiary institution and thus potentially improve rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life of prisoners.
PDF
