Information on the prevalence of subclinical endometritis and its mechanism in repeat breeding cows is very limited. The aims of this study were: a) to evaluate the incidence of this disorder with ...cytobrush cytology b) to analyze mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in endometrial biopsy samples collected from repeat breeding cows with and without subclinical endometritis. Two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1,112 (12.4%) repeat breeding cows (inseminated at least 3 times and not pregnant) were selected out of 902 cows from 8 dairy herds. Cytobrush cytology was performed on these cows, using the threshold of 10% PMNs in uterine smears. The results showed that 45 out of the 112 cows (40.2%) were diagnosed as having subclinical endometritis. In experiment 2, uterine biopsy samples were taken from repeat breeding cows with subclinical endometritis (n = 10) and without this disorder (n = 10). Using reverse transcription-PCR, the mRNA expression of TNFalpha and iNOS was determined. A statistically significant increase in expression of both substances was measured in the group of cows with subclinical endometritis (p <0.05). These results provide evidence for a high prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows as well as the involvement of TNFalpha and iNOS pathways in the regulation of this pathological condition.
The information about the occurrence of embryonic and fetal losses in dairy herds in Poland is limited. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the pregnancy loss between days 30 and 45 (late ...embryonic mortality) and between days 45 and 260 after artificial insemination (AI) (foetal loss). The study was carried out in 8 dairy herds in north-east Poland. In total 954 cows were examined for pregnancy on day 30 after AI using an ultrasound scanner. Cows diagnosed pregnant were re-examined on day 45 and 260 after AI using transrectal palpation. The pregnancy rate on day 30 after AI was 62.0%, after re-examination on day 45 after AI the pregnancy rate was 56.4%. The late embryonic loss rate was on an average 9.1%. The occurrence of late embryonic mortality differed not significantly (p > 0.05) among herds and ranged from 13.1% to 19.3%. The pregnancy rate on day 260 after AI was 53.5%. The average foetal loss after day 45 of pregnancy was 5.0%, ranged between herds from 0 to 9.2% (p > 0.05) and was significantly lower than embryonic loss rate (p < 0.05). The study revealed that in 8 dairy herds in north-east Poland the overall pregnancy loss between days 30 and 260 averaged 13.7% and therefore it is an important factor affecting economic efficiency of dairy production. The foetal loss was less prevalent than the late embryonic loss. Future strategies to minimizing late embryonic loss are needed.
Design and Performance Results of First Polish SMES Kozak, J.; Kozak, S.; Janowski, T. ...
IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity,
06/2009, Letnik:
19, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The magnet for superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) cooled by SRDK-408 cryocooler has been described in this paper. The superconducting magnet consists of 7 double-pancake coils made ...of Bi-2223 HTS tape with the inner and outer diameters 210 mm, 315 mm respectively and height of 191 mm. The inductance of the magnet is about 1 H. In the paper we report the design and the first measurements results of the magnet.
Currently produced and available HTS tapes with increased resistivity, like 2nd generation YBCO 344S tape made by American Superconductors, have enough parameters, e.g., resistivity, critical current ...density, to build inductive type current limiters to limit faults in medium-voltage power grid. The paper describes the assumption for 6,9 kV/1.15 kA superconducting fault current limiter with superconducting secondary winding made of high resistivity HTS tape as well as the results of numerical analysis.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Internet Technology, ICDCIT 2007, held in Bangalore, India, in December 2007. The 13 ...revised full papers and 20 revised short papers presented together with three invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 170 submissions. The papers cover the main areas of distributed computing, internet technology, system security, data mining, and software engineering.
The inductive type SFCLs and the transformer type SFCLs need the iron cores. In both, the fault current is transformed from the primary winding to the secondary winding. The difference is in the ...secondary windings. The superconducting materials for every kind of SFCL should have both high value of resistivity in the resistive state,rho tau , and high critical current density . The paper shows, that the transformer SFCL can be made using every type of commercial HTS elements. The inductive SFCLs need the HTS materials with very large value of the rho tau J c parameter.
2D and 3D Numerical Models of Inductive SFCL Kozak, S.; Janowski, T.; Wojtasiewicz, G.
IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity,
06/2007, Letnik:
17, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) can be used to limit the short-circuit current level in electrical networks. The inductive SFCL works like a transformer with shorted secondary HTS ...winding. Because of the iron core, the inductive SFCL is not axially symmetrical and should be modeled in 3D geometry. On the other hand, the 2D modeling gives much more computational advantage, in comparison with 3D modeling. The paper explains in what case the 3D modeling of inductive SFCL can be replaced by much simpler 2D modeling.
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