The paper provides a critical analysis of the effectiveness of the EU and Croatian national regulations dealing with the protection of the rights of travellers – users of package travel arrangements ...– in a pandemic. Special attention is devoted to the following issues: a) timely refund to the traveller of the price paid in advance for the package that could not be performed due to the pandemic, and b) the traveller’s protection in case of the insolvency of the travel organiser. Certain proposals are made to improve the implementation of these regulations, so that some observed cases of reduced efficiency in the protection of travellers’ rights can be avoided in the future. In this context, the necessity and importance of the joint action of all involved stakeholders (organisers of package travel, insurance companies and the State) are emphasised.
Direktiva (EU) 2015/2302 o paket-aranžmanima i povezanim putnim aranžmanima (Direktiva iz 2015.), kojom je izvan snage stavljena ranija Direktiva 90/314/EEZ, prenesena je u hrvatsko nacionalno pravo ...Zakonom o pružanju usluga u turizmu iz 2017. (ZPUT). U skladu s Direktivom iz 2015., odredbe ZPUT-a koje uređuju navedene turističke usluge započele su se primjenjivati 1. srpnja 2018. Implementirajući Direktivu iz 2015., ZPUT unosi značajne novine u hrvatsko zakonodavstvo. Uvodi se posve nova usluga – povezani putni aranžman. Nadalje, ZPUT uređuje ugovor o paket-aranžmanu na nov i znatno podrobniji način u usporedbi s ranije primjenjivim propisom (Zakonom o obveznim odnosima, članci 88. – 903., Ugovor o organiziranju putovanja). Ovaj članak predstavlja dubinsku znanstvenu analizu svih važnih pitanja vezanih uz paket-aranžman i povezani putni aranžman, uključujući pojašnjenja (s praktičnim primjerima) njihovih novih i složenih definicija. Poseban naglasak je u radu stavljen na ugovor o paket-aranžmanu. Stoga članak razmatra prava i obveze ugovornih strana, bitne elemente toga ugovora, prava ugovornih strana da mijenjaju ugovor, prava putnika da raskine ugovor, odgovornost organizatora paket-aranžmana itd. Odnos između relevantnih izvora transportnog prava i odredaba ZPUT-a o pravima putnika također se obrađuje. Problematika koja se obrađuje u ovome članku je vrlo značajna i za transportne poduzetnike. Naime, u praksi Europskog suda već je otprije ustanovljeno, a sada u Direktivi iz 2015. izričito i potvrđeno da je usluga putničkoga kružnog putovanja (cruising) vrsta paprofesionalni putnički prijevoznici mogu se, u svjetlu odredaba ZPUT-a, smatrati organizatorima paket-aranžmana ili pružateljima usluga omogućavanja povezanog putnog aranžmana. U takvim slučajevima bi se ZPUT mogao primjenjivati i pri prosuđivanju njihovih prava i obveza. Posebno poglavlje rada posvećeno je ulozi različitih vrsta obveznog i dobrovoljnog osiguranja (propisanog ZPUT-om). Štiteći organizatore paket-aranžmana od profesionalnih rizika s kojima se susreću, ove vrste osiguranja istodobno dodatno ojačavaju prava putnika.
U radu se daje kritička analiza učinkovitosti europskih i hrvatskih nacionalnih propisa o zaštiti prava putnika – korisnika paket-aranžmana u uvjetima pandemije. Posebna se pažnja posvećuje pitanju ...pravodobnog povrata putniku iznosa plaćene cijene paket-aranžmana koji se nije mogao realizirati zbog pandemije, kao i pitanju zaštite putnika u slučaju nesolventnosti organizatora putovanja. Daju se određeni konkretni prijedlozi za unaprjeđenje provedbe tih propisa u praksi, kako se ne bi ponavljali neki uočeni slučajevi smanjene učinkovitosti pri zaštiti putničkih prava. U tom kontekstu, ističe se nužnost i važnost zajedničkog djelovanja svih zainteresiranih dionika – organizatora paket-aranžmana, osiguravajućih društava i države.
Pomorsko pravo (Uporednopravna studija) / Maritime Law (Comparative Legal Study) is a comprehensive textbook of maritime law. In addition, it offers a comparative legal analysis of national maritime ...legislation in Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia and considers differences between national maritime legislation in Anglo-American and European countries.In the introductory part, the authors define the concept and subject of maritime law by comparing it with other branches of law and other scientific fields that deal with certain aspects of shipping. This section also contains a historical and legal overview of the development of maritime law at the international and EU level as well as at the national levels of selected countries.The first part of the book (“Ship and Shipping“) concerns maritime administrative law (the notion of the ship, ship registers, the safety of shipping) and maritime property law (ownership of the ship, ship mortgage, maritime liens, ship arrest, execution of maritime claims).The second part (“Contracts, Transport Documents and Contractual Liability“) covers the conclusion and performance of various shipping contracts (types of contracts in maritime transport, contracts for the carriage of goods by sea, time charter, voyage charter, liability of the carrier for the goods, bill of lading and other documents, charter by demise, bareboat charter, contracts for the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea, liability of the carrier for the passengers and their luggage, tug and towing contracts, the maritime agency contract). At the end of this part, the authorsexamine the role of the contract for the carriage of goods by sea in the performance of the international sale of goods.The third part (“Shipping Accidents, Extra-contractual Liability, System of General Limitation of Shipowner“s Liability“) mainly discusses “wet shipping“ (general average, collision, salvage, liability for the marine environment), with a specific chapter devoted to international and domestic laws regulating the limitation of the shipowner's liability.The fourth (final) part (“Marine Insurance“) deals with all aspects of this very important area of maritime law (including the notion and essentials of the marine insurance contract, insurance policy and other documents of insurance, the rights and obligations of contracting parties, cargo insurance, hull insurance, liability insurance, the role of P&I Clubs).The book is written clearly and systematically. It can serve as a high-quality university textbook and will be useful to all lawyers dealing with maritime law. This book will certainly provide the reader with a comprehensive set of information on international maritime legislation and on national legislation in selected countries.
Directive (EU) 2015/2302 on package travel and linked travel arrangements (2015 Directive), repealing the former Directive 90/314/EC, has been transposed to Croatian legislation by the 2017 Act on ...the Provision of Tourism Services (APTS). In accordance with the rules of the 2015 Directive, provisions of the APTS dealing with above-mentioned tourism services are applicable from 1 July 2018. By implementing the 2015 Directive, the APTS has introduced significant changes to Croatian legislation by adding a new service – linked travel arrangement. Furthermore, the APTS has regulated the package travel contract in a new and more detailed manner compared to the formerly applicable legislation (Obligations Act, Art. 881 – 903). This paper is an in-depth scientific analysis of all the important topics related to package travel and linked travel arrangements, including the explanation (with practical examples) of the new and comprehensive definitions thereof. Special attention has been devoted to the package travel contract. Hence, the paper contains elaboration on the rightsand obligations of the contracting parties, essential elements of the contract, rights of the parties to amend the contract, rights of the traveller to terminate the contract, liability of the package organiser, etc. The relationship between relevant sources of transportation law and the stipulations of the APTS regarding travellers’ rights is also examined. The subject matter of this paper is of major importance for transportation undertakings too, since it has already been established by the practice of the European Court of Justice (in relation to the former 1990 Directive), and now expressly confirmed in the 2015 Directive, that passenger cruising represents a type of package travel service. Furthermore, depending on the characteristics of their business activities, individual professional passenger carriers may also be regarded as package organisers or providers of linked travel arrangement in the light of the APTS. In such cases, provisions of the APTS may be applicable to their rights and obligations as well. A separate chapter of the paper deals with the role of various types of compulsory and voluntary insurance (regulated by the APTS). While covering the professional risks faced by the package organisers, these types of insurance also strengthen the rights of travellers.
Directive (EU) 2015/2302 on package travel and linked travel arrangements (2015 Directive), repealing the former Directive 90/314/EC, has been transposed to Croatian legislation by the 2017 Act on ...the Provision of Tourism Services (APTS). In accordance with the rules of the 2015 Directive, provisions of the APTS dealing with above-mentioned tourism services are applicable from 1 July 2018. By implementing the 2015 Directive, the APTS has introduced significant changes to Croatian legislation by adding a new service – linked travel arrangement. Furthermore, the APTS has regulated the package travel contract in a new and more detailed manner compared to the formerly applicable legislation (Obligations Act, Art. 881 – 903). This paper is an in-depth scientific analysis of all the important topics related to package travel and linked travel arrangements, including the explanation (with practical examples) of the new and comprehensive definitions thereof. Special attention has been devoted to the package travel contract. Hence, the paper contains elaboration on the rights and obligations of the contracting parties, essential elements of the contract, rights of the parties to amend the contract, rights of the traveller to terminate the contract, liability of the package organiser, etc. The relationship between relevant sources of transportation law and the stipulations of the APTS regarding travellers' rights is also examined. The subject matter of this paper is of major importance for transportation undertakings too, since it has already been established by the practice of the European Court of Justice (in relation to the former 1990 Directive), and now expressly confirmed in the 2015 Directive, that passenger cruising represents a type of package travel service. Furthermore, depending on the characteristics of their business activities, individual professional passenger carriers may also be regarded as package organisers or providers of linked travel arrangement in the light of the APTS. In such cases, provisions of the APTS may be applicable to their rights and obligations as well. A separate chapter of the paper deals with the role of various types of compulsory and voluntary insurance (regulated by the APTS). While covering the professional risks faced by the package organisers, these types of insurance also strengthen the rights of travellers.
U radu se analizira uloga Agencije za europsku graničnu i obalnu stražu (Frontex) i privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija u kontekstu upravljanja migrantskim krizama. Iako su uloge tih aktera bitno ...različite, oni u sustavu upravljanja migrantskim krizama imaju sve značajniju ulogu, te njihovo djelovanje u novije vrijeme obilježavaju određene nove odnosno promijenjene okolnosti. U pogledu Frontexa te se nove okolnosti odnose na legislativno redefiniranje njegovog pravnog statusa i nadležnosti, ostvareno donošenjem Uredbe (EU) 2016/1624. U pogledu privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija nove se okolnosti odnose na činjenicu da ih u posljednjem razdoblju zamjetno značajnije angažiraju države i međunarodne institucije s ciljem provođenja određenih aktivnosti unutar sustava upravljanja migrantskim krizama. S obzirom na to svrsishodan je i aktualan pravni prikaz njihovog statusa i uloge. U prvom dijelu rada analizira se Frontex kao dio sustava europske granične i obalne straže. Njegova uloga je važna u pogledu učinkovitog nadzora vanjskih granica Europske unije, a što predstavlja iznimno važan element upravljanja migrantskim krizama. Uz prikaz nastanka Frontexa, njegovog pravnog okvira i ustrojstva, analiziraju se ključne teme koje su ujedno izazovi operativnog djelovanja Frontexa (uloga u pogledu sprečavanja prekograničnog kriminaliteta, identificiranja i povrata nezakonitih migranata i poštovanja temeljnih prava migranata). U drugom dijelu rada analizira se uloga privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija u procesu upravljanja migrantskim krizama, te šira uloga industrije privatnih vojnih i sigurnosnih kompanija u vezi zaštite granica, migrantske krize i javno-privatnog partnerstva. Poseban naglasak stavlja se na loše primjere upravljanja australskim migrantDr. skim prihvatnim centrima. Zaključno se razmatraju relevantni dokumenti i preporuke u vezi pravila postupanja privatnih sigurnosnih kompanija prilikom pružanja privatnih usluga u vezi upravljanja migrantskom krizom.
Tema rada je proučavanje tumačenja i primjene međunarodnih propisa o općem i posebnom ograničenju odgovornosti za pomorske tražbine u novijoj sudskoj praksi. U uvodnom dijelu objašnjava se ...gospodarska i pravna svrha instituta ograničenja odgovornosti te se daje prikaz njegova uređenja na međunarodnoj razini. Naglašava se njegova ključna uloga u razvitku brodarstva i međunarodne trgovine. Kritički se analiziraju novije ilustrativne odluke stranih sudova u kojima su protumačene i primijenjene nerijetko dvojbene odredbe međunarodnih ugovora kojima je uređena ova materija. Iznose se zaključci o trenutnoj kvaliteti pravnog uređenja toga instituta, uočavaju tendencije njegova budućeg razvitka te predlažu mjere potrebne za njegovu daljnju nadogradnju.
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