Obstacle avoidance based on a monocular camera is a challenging task due to the lack of 3D information for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Recent methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks for monocular ...depth estimation and obstacle detection become widely used. However, collision avoidance with depth estimation usually suffers from long computational time and low avoidance success rate. A new collision avoidance system is proposed which uses monocular camera and intelligent algorithm to avoid obstacles on real time processing. Several experiments have been conducted on crowded environments with several object types. The results show outstanding performance in terms of obstacles avoidance and system response time compared to contemporary approaches. This makes the proposed approach of high potential to be integrated in crowded environments.
This study proposes a new collision avoidance system using monocular camera and intelligent algorithm to avoid obstacles on real time processing. Experimental results using Telo drone conducted in crowded environments with several object types show outstanding performance in terms of obstacles avoidance and system response time compared to contemporary approaches. This makes the proposed system of high potential to be integrated in crowded environments.
Growing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) market trends and interest in potential uses such as monitoring, visual inspection, object detection, and path planning have shown promising results using ...machine learning techniques. However, UAV adoption faces several challenges in real-life scenarios as lowaccuracy sensors are involved in the identification, tracking, and localization of UAVs. In order to overcome the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes an intelligent machine learningbased system coupled with computer vision (CV) to detect objects and localize UAVs equipped with just a monocular camera. The experimental results using the Telo DJI drone demonstrate that the proposed methodology can detect, track objects, and localize the drone with high accuracy. The system's ability for automated monitoring in real environments can lend its uses for urban traffic, logistics, and security applications.
Robots and drones are getting popular in many applications nowadays. Autonomous operations of drones and robots are highly desirable to minimize human interventions and enhance operation efficiency. ...However, there are several challenges that need to be overcome before robots and drones can be automated with minimum hardware requirements. Currently, robotics industry employs costly sensors such as Lidar to estimate distance between a vehicle and objects. Recent advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI) encouraged researcher to investigate techniques to estimate the distance between vehicle and objects using monocular camera and AI. However, distance (depth) estimation using monocular camera still suffers from low accuracy rate in depth estimation. This paper aims to improve the depth estimation values through applying several image pre-processing techniques such as Nonuniform Illumination Removal, Local Adaptive Thresholding, Histogram Equalization, Adaptive Histogram Equalization, White Balance, and Homo- morphic filtering techniques.
The greenhouse emissions are biggest challenge of the present era. The renewable power sources are required to have characteristics of good charge capacity, energy density with proven charging ...discharging cycles for energy storage and applications. Mg-air batteries (MABs) are an alternative renewable power source due to their inexpensive cost. In particular, the previous reports presented the metal-air battery structure, with a specific energy overall output of 765 W h kg−1. This paper is focused mainly on the MAB, which employed nanocomposite polymeric electrodes with a proven energy density of 545 W h kg−1 and a charge capacity of 817 mA h g−1 when electrolyzed at a cycling current density of 7 mA cm−2.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by improper insulin secretion leading to hyperglycemia. Syzygium cumini has excellent therapeutic properties due to its high levels of ...phytochemicals. The current research aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of S. cumini plant’s seeds and the top two phytochemicals (kaempferol and gallic acid) were selected for further analysis. These phytochemicals were selected via computational tools and evaluated for α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity via enzymatic assay. Gallic acid (IC50 0.37 µM) and kaempferol (IC50 0.87 µM) have shown a stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity than acarbose (5.26 µM). In addition, these phytochemicals demonstrated the highest binding energy, hydrogen bonding, protein–ligand interaction and the best MD simulation results at 100 ns compared to acarbose. Furthermore, the ADMET properties of gallic acid and kaempferol also fulfilled the safety criteria. Thus, it was concluded that S. cumini could potentially be used to treat DM. The potential bioactive molecules identified in this study (kaempferol and gallic acid) may be used as lead drugs against diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by improper insulin secretion leading to hyperglycemia. Syzygium cumini has excellent therapeutic properties due to its high levels of ...phytochemicals. The current research aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of S. cumini plant’s seeds and the top two phytochemicals (kaempferol and gallic acid) were selected for further analysis. These phytochemicals were selected via computational tools and evaluated for α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity via enzymatic assay. Gallic acid (ICsub.50 0.37 µM) and kaempferol (ICsub.50 0.87 µM) have shown a stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity than acarbose (5.26 µM). In addition, these phytochemicals demonstrated the highest binding energy, hydrogen bonding, protein–ligand interaction and the best MD simulation results at 100 ns compared to acarbose. Furthermore, the ADMET properties of gallic acid and kaempferol also fulfilled the safety criteria. Thus, it was concluded that S. cumini could potentially be used to treat DM. The potential bioactive molecules identified in this study (kaempferol and gallic acid) may be used as lead drugs against diabetes.
Drinking water that is secure to drink is a basic human need that should be met by everyone. Waterborne disease prevention and control begin with ensuring the safety of drinking water. The present ...study was designed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of ground water in twenty different localities of Tehsil Taunsa DG Khan, Punjab Pakistan. For this purpose, ground water samples were collected from Mangrotha, Sokar, BastiBuzdar, KotQaisrani, JhokeBodo, Litra, Vehova, Bohar, MakwalKalan, Bindi, Dona, NariJanubi, TibbiQaisrani, Morejhangi, Babbi, Nutkani, JaluWali, Lakhani, Kotani and Chulani and bacteriologically characterized. The results revealed a significant increase in bacterial counts. Bacterial infections such as Fecal Coliforms and E.Coli had extraordinarily high concentrations, ranging from 25 CFU/mL to 50 CFU/mL and 2.5 CFU/mL to 3.5 CFU/mL, respectively. The levels of all other parameters were within WHO’s acceptable ranges. A survey was also done to assess the impact of drinking water on city inhabitants' fitness. Globally, 780 million people, and 100 million people in Pakistan are exposed to insecure water sources. To estimate the health threat of infected water, a total of 160 residents interviewed. The information acquired from this field work will reveal a high prevalence of suspected water borne diseases like diarrhea, nausea & vomiting, gastrointestinal issues, Skin Rash, Skin irritation, Diabetes, Neural diseases, Renal dysfunction, Cholera, malaria, prolonged fever, Cancer, Hepatitis and jaundice. To resolve water and environmental problems, consciousness and regular monitoring programs of water organization and safe removal of waste was proposed. As a result, in all of the research areas, a well-organized waste disposal and management system is required. To make sure that the water is suitable for human consumption, regular drinking water quality assessments of the resource, main allotment tanks, distribution systems and pipes should be used.
Wastewater irrigation is becoming a massive challenge for sustainable agriculture. Particularly, copper (Cu) presence in wastewater poses a great threat to the food chain quality. Thus, scientists ...need to address this issue by using chemical and organic soil amendments to restore the soil ecosystem. Therefore, this study aims to examine the efficacy of sulphur, compost, acidified animal manure and sesame straw biochar for Cu immobilization, adsorption and Brassica growth in wastewater irrigated soil. The current findings presented that all the soil amendments prominently improved brassica yield and significantly minimized the Cu uptake by Brassica shoots and roots in sesame straw biochar (SB) (64.2% and 50.2%), compost (CP) (48% and 32.5%), acidified manure (AM) (37% and 23.2%) and Sulphur (SP) (16% and 3.1%) respectively relative to untreated soil. In addition, Cu bioavailability was reduced by 51%, 34%, 16.6%, and 7.4% when SB, CP, AM, and SP were incorporated in wastewater irrigated polluted soil. The Cu adsorption isotherm results also revealed that SB treated soil has great potential to increase Cu adsorption capacity by 223 mg g
− 1
over control 89 mg g
− 1
. Among all the treatments, SB and CP were considered suitable candidates for the restoration of Cu polluted alkaline nature soil.
Dusky cotton bug (DCB), Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, a serious economic sucking insect pest of cotton, is a cosmopolitan polyphagous pest with the potency to develop resistance against insecticides. The ...resistance was evaluated against insecticides of different chemical nature against DCB population from three cotton fields i.e., unsprayed population (Un-sp), field exposed to sucking sprays (SSp) and field exposed to bollworms sprays (BSp) using semi-opened bolls dip method.The DCB population showed differential range of resistance level against tested insecticides. These RR ratios were among susceptibility (1 fold) and tolerance to low resistance (2–10 fold) for all tested insecticides except for deltamethrin with moderate resistance (11–30 fold) for the populations of both sprayed fields. In the order of resistance for the SSp population, deltamethrin (24.4 fold) was followed by imidacloprid (6.4 fold), profenofos (4.0 fold), cypermethrin (3.2), endosulfan (2.8 fold), chlorfenapyr (2.7 fold) and chlothianidin (2.5 fold). For BSp population, RR ratios from high to low were: deltamethrin (21.2 fold) followed by imidacloprid (4.9 fold), chlothianidin (3.7 fold), cypermethrin (2.8 fold), endosulfan (2.7 fold), triazophos (2.4 fold) and profenofos (2.2 fold). Acephate was highly effective with least LC50 followed by spinosad and dimethoate, whereas, lambdacyhalothrin was least effective. Relative toxicity (RT) order from high to low for SSp population was acephate (1.00) followed by spinosad (1.33), chlorfenapyr (2.69), acetamiprid (2.77) and dimethoate (2.85). For BSp population, RT were sequenced as acephate (1.00) followed by spinosad (1.46), chlorfenapyr (1.67) and dimethoate (3.32). In control unsprayed population, RT were in order as acephate < deltamethrin < spinosad < chlorfenapyr (1.0, 1.20, 1.28 and 1.58, respectively). Lambdacyhalothrin was the least toxic against DCB population of all tested fields. From results, it can be suggested that regular insecticide resistance monitoring is crucial to avoid incidence(s) in O. hyalinipennis, and to adopt the rotational application of appropriate insecticides.
