With this contribution we present some recent developments made to Rucio, the data management system of the High-Energy Physics Experiment ATLAS. Already managing 300 Petabytes of both official and ...user data, Rucio has seen incremental improvements throughout LHC Run-2, and is currently laying the groundwork for HEP computing in the HL-LHC era. The focus of this contribution are (a) the automations that have been put in place such as data rebalancing or dynamic replication of user data, as well as their supporting infrastructures such as real-time networking metrics or transfer time predictions; (b) the flexible approach towards inclusion of heterogeneous storage systems, including object stores, while unifying the potential access paths using generally available tools and protocols; (c) machine learning approaches to help with transfer throughput estimation; and (d) the adoption of Rucio for two other experiments, AMS and Xenon1t. We conclude by presenting operational numbers and figures to quantify these improvements, and extrapolate the necessary changes and developments for future LHC runs.
The ATLAS Distributed Data Management system stores more than 220PB of physics data across more than 130 sites globally. Rucio, the next generation data management system of the ATLAS collaboration, ...has now been successfully operated for two years. However, with the increasing workload and utilization, more automated and advanced methods of managing the data are needed. In this article we present an extension to the data management system, which is in charge of detecting and foreseeing storage elements reaching and surpassing their capacity limit. The system automatically and dynamically rebalances the data to other storage elements, while respecting and guaranteeing data distribution policies and ensuring the availability of the data. This concept not only lowers the operational burden, as these cumbersome procedures had previously to be done manually, but it also enables the system to use its distributed resources more efficiently, which not only affects the data management system itself, but in consequence also the workload management and production systems. This contribution describes the concept and architecture behind those components and shows the benefits made by the system.
In 1906, citing the complexities of what he would subsequently term the ‘Great Society’, the New Liberal Graham Wallas called for ‘a fresh approach to the question: What, under modern conditions ...constitutes history?’ A burgeoning group of historians, including among others R. H. Tawney, the Webbs, J. H. Clapham and W. J. Ashley, responded to this need by establishing economic and social history as a legitimate field or historical study. However, beginning with The Village Labourer in 1911 followed by The Town Labourer in 1917 and The Skilled Labourer in 1919, Barbara and Lawrence Hammond completed a historical enquiry that more than any other of its time defined for progressives an answer to Wallas' query. This article examines the Hammonds' unique achievement in terms of its contribution to New Liberal politics and to the growing field of economic and social history. It sets their overtly political and literary approach against the growing trend towards professionalization amongst contemporary historians and compares their radical treatment of industrialization to the orthodox Liberal conclusions of nineteenth century Whig historians. The groundwork is thus laid for an exploration into the implicit assumptions that defined the shape and character of the Hammonds' New Liberal descent; an exploration that enhances our understanding of both English progressivism and the development of social history as a legitimate approach to studying the past.
The impact on the mold flow of inert gas bubbles originating from a gas injection at the top of the submerged entry nozzle is investigated. Results from a physical model using water and air are ...compared with corresponding numerical flow simulation results. In numerical models, the bubble velocities are determined by calculating the force equilibrium between buoyancy, drag force, and other forces acting on the bubbles. For the observed bubble size in the physical model, the so‐determined rising velocity of the bubbles is significantly too high in comparison to the water model experiment. Various effects can influence the rising velocity of bubbles. One of them is that the presence of turbulence obviously reduces the rising velocity. The influence of turbulence models and of a turbulence‐induced bubble drag modification is analyzed in numerical flow simulations and compared to water model results.
The bubbly mold flow resulting from gas injection is analyzed in a water model and by numerical simulations. Comparison of the results shows that only a scale‐resolving turbulence model in combination with a turbulence‐induced decrease of the bubble drift velocity can represent the typical change of the mold flow structure between single and double roll.
Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being used in non-edible and edible consumer products. It is not clear though if exposure to these chemicals can exert toxic ...effects on the host and gut microbiome. Conflicting studies have been reported on whether AgNPs result in gut dysbiosis and other changes within the host. We sought to examine whether exposure of Sprague-Dawley male rats for two weeks to different shapes of AgNPs, cube (AgNC) and sphere (AgNS) affects gut microbiota, select behaviors, and induces histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal system and brain. In the elevated plus maze (EPM), AgNS-exposed rats showed greater number of entries into closed arms and center compared to controls and those exposed to AgNC. AgNS and AgNC treated groups had select reductions in gut microbiota relative to controls. Clostridium spp., Bacteroides uniformis, Christensenellaceae, and Coprococcus eutactus were decreased in AgNC exposed group, whereas, Oscillospira spp., Dehalobacterium spp., Peptococcaeceae, Corynebacterium spp., Aggregatibacter pneumotropica were reduced in AgNS exposed group. Bacterial reductions correlated with select behavioral changes measured in the EPM. No significant histopathological changes were evident in the gastrointestinal system or brain. Findings suggest short-term exposure to AgNS or AgNC can lead to behavioral and gut microbiome changes.
The nature and extent of care received by an infant can affect social, emotional and cognitive development, features that endure into adulthood. Here we employed the monogamous, California mouse ...(Peromyscus californicus), a species, like the human, where both parents invest in offspring care, to determine whether early exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC: bisphenol A, BPA; ethinyl estradiol, EE) of one or both parents altered their behaviors towards their pups. Females exposed to either compound spent less time nursing, grooming and being associated with their pups than controls, although there was little consequence on their weight gain. Care of pups by males was less affected by exposure to BPA and EE, but control, non-exposed females appeared able to "sense" a male partner previously exposed to either compound and, as a consequence, reduced their own parental investment in offspring from such pairings. The data emphasize the potential vulnerability of pups born to parents that had been exposed during their own early development to EDC, and that effects on the male, although subtle, also have consequences on overall parental care due to lack of full acceptance of the male by the female partner.
In secondary cooling of continuous casting, it is very important to know the cooling heat flux for the actual spray cooling situation with respect to various parameters like the local position, the ...nozzle types, distances, and the water and air flow rates, to be able to control the cooling conditions precisely. As heat flux measurements on a casting machine are too challenging, experimental laboratory test rigs are designed and used for measurements by different research groups. Therefore, metal probes of different dimensions and materials are heated up to the desired temperature and then exposed to spray nozzles. The heat flux is usually measured by temperature sensors immersed in the probe body, and then determined from the measured temperature using inverse modelling methods. Herein, the differences between the real and laboratory conditions are focused on using a mathematical heat transfer simulation model. The influence of strand surface temperature, nozzle spray water flow conditions, and Leidenfrost effect are pointed out. A procedure to use heatflux data measured on a test rig for cooling control on a real caster despite the different conditions is proposed.
Different kinds of experimental laboratory facilities to determine the heat transfer in secondary cooling are compared with the real cooling situation. A fast and simple “what‐if” simulation model is proposed to estimate the effect of different influence parameters. Especially for high spray water densities and cooling heat fluxes, the strand surface temperature must be considered in mathematical heat transfer models.
Weak scale supersymmetry is one of the best motivated and studied Standard Model extensions. It predicts the existence of new heavy coloured particles called squarks and gluinos which are the ...supersymmetric partners of the quarks and gluons respectively. The poster summarises results on inclusive searches for supersymmetric squarks and gluinos in events containing jets and missing transverse momentum without leptons. The searches use the full data sample of 20.3 fb−1 recorded in 2012 at s=8 TeV centre-of-mass energy by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC.
In education, we share a common commitment to supporting students’ growth and development, but we often have different ideas about what that support looks like. A theory of action describes how a ...specific education organization intends to work to create the outcomes it wants. Abby Javurek Andres and Chase Nordengren describe how to develop and enact a theory of action that meets the needs of the school community. The process involves bringing people together to gain understanding of the problem, learning what is going well and building a shared vision of success, and aligning communications and decision-making around the shared vision.
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