•TG-cl-PAA/Fe3O4 nanocomposite hydrogel was used as an adsorbent for removal of dyes.•MG, ThT, and RhB dyes were removed efficiently from a ternary system.•The Qm for MG, RhB and ThT were obtained as ...642.9, 552.6, and 413.6 mgg−1, resepectively.•The adsorbrnt showed good re-useability after regeneration.•Adsorption kinetics were well-fitted with the pseudo-second-order model.
Performance of a magnetic tragacanth gum-crosslinked-poly(acrylic acid) (TG-cl-PAA/Fe3O4) nanocomposite hydrogel in removal of malachite green (MG), thioflavin T (ThT), and rhodamine B (RhB) cationic dyes from single, binary, and ternary systemes were investigated through the batch method. The adsorption parameters, including adsorbent amount, initial concentrations of dyes, pH, and contact time were optimized for all systems. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used for equilibrium adsorption isotherm investigation, and it was found that the Langmuir model is more fitted than those of the Freundlich model, which proved the linearity of the adsorption process. Maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) of TG-cl-PAA/Fe3O4 were calculated for all systems. The Qm for MG, RhB, and ThT dyes in ternary system were obtained as 642.9, 552.6, and 413.6 mgg−1, resepectively. The removal of all dyes in single, binary as well as ternary systems were well-fitted with the pseudo-second-order model that confirm the rate-limiting step might be the chemical adsorption. The developed adsorbent was regenerated through desorption process and reused for several times. It was found that the removal efficiency of adsorbent approximately remains the same for the first three cycles, and after which decreased gradually.
Magnetic tragacanth gum-cl-poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposite hydrogel was applied for removal of malachite green (MG), rhodamine B (RhB), and thiflavin T (ThT) cationic dyes in single, binary, and ternary systems. Display omitted
In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the development of organic–inorganic hybrid materials in order to obtain new kinds of materials with synergetic or complementary behavior for ...various practical and technological applications. Among the numerous kinds of these materials the conductive polymers/zeolite (nano-)composites represent a new class of materials system due to their novel physicochemical properties and potential for various practical and technological applications such as sensors, cathodes of the cells, anticorrosive, membranes, and selective removal of heavy metal ions from sea water and industrial waste water. However, these materials were under-exploited and there were only a few studies conducted for the preparation and application of conductive polymer/zeolite hybrids. This review provides a snapshot of recent progress in the synthesis, materials properties, and applications of conductive polymers/zeolite (nano-)composites reported until March 2014.
In the present study, probiotic potato chips containing a newly isolated probiotic Lactococcus lactis KUMS-T18 strain were produced by using a simple spraying method and then enhancing the stability, ...survival rate, and sensory characteristics of product during storage at 4 °C and 25 °C was examined for four months. Based on the results, Lactococcus lactis KUMS-T18 isolated from traditional Tarkhineh as a safe strain had high tolerance to low pH and high bile salt, anti-pathogenic activity, hydrophobicity, adhesion to human epithelial cells, auto- and co-aggregation, cholesterol assimilation and antibiotic susceptibility. Meanwhile, by micro-coating the probiotic cells in Tarkhineh formulations, elliptical to spherical shape (460-740 µm) probiotic drops were produced. The results revealed that potato chips produced with turmeric and plain Tarkhineh during storage at 4 °C, had excellent protection abilities for probiotic cells with about 4.52 and 3.46 log decreases in CFU/g respectively. On the other hand, probiotic potato chips, compared to non-probiotic and commercial potato chips, showed the criteria of probiotic products such as excellent quality and superior sensory characteristics. In summary, this study proved that probiotic Lactococcus lactis KUMS-T18 strain covered by Tarkhineh formulations as protective matrix has high potential to be used in the production of probiotic potato chips.
Intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs) have attracted significant attention in recent decades because of their wide range of potential applications in various fields such as chemistry, physics, ...electronics, optics, materials, and biomedical sciences. In particular, conjugated polythiophene (PTh) and its derivatives stand out as the most promising members of the conjugated polymer family because of their unique electrical behavior, excellent environmental and thermal stability, low-cost synthesis, and mechanical strength. However, similar to other π-conjugated polymers the main drawback of unsubstituted PTh is the lack of solubility due to its strong interchain interactions, resulting in limited processability. Various procedures have been invoked to overcome these restrictions, such as side chain functionalization, the synthesis of PTh copolymers with processable polymers, and combination of both of these strategies. Because of large number of publications on the chemical modification of polythiophene, this review is focused on progress in the synthesis of polythiophene copolymers with processable polymers. The properties of the polythiophene copolymers and their applications are also highlighted.
Nowadays, tissue and organ failures resulted from injury, aging accounts, diseases or other type of damages is one of the most important health problems with an increasing incidence worldwide. ...Current treatments have limitations including, low graft efficiency, shortage of donor organs, as well as immunological problems. In this context, tissue engineering (TE) was introduced as a novel and versatile approach for restoring tissue/organ function using living cells, scaffold and bioactive (macro-)molecules. Among these, scaffold as a three-dimensional (3D) support material, provide physical and chemical cues for seeding cells and has an essential role in cell missions. Among the wide verity of scaffolding materials, natural or synthetic biopolymers are the most commonly biomaterials mainly due to their unique physicochemical and biological features. In this context, naturally occurring biological macromolecules are particular of interest owing to their low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility and cytocompatibility, as well as antigenicity that qualified them as popular choices for scaffolding applications. In this review, we highlighted the potentials of natural and synthetic polymers as scaffolding materials. The properties, advantages, and disadvantages of both polymer types as well as the current status, challenges, and recent progresses regarding the application of them as scaffolding biomaterials are also discussed.
This review is the first up-to-date comprehensive overview regarding the employing of natural and synthetic polymers or their composites as well as copolymers for scaffolding. Display omitted
•An overview of synthetic and natural polymers-based scaffolding biomaterials•Physicochemical and biological features of scaffolding biomaterials•Fundamentals and general characteristics of natural and synthetic polymers•Modification approaches of synthetic and natural polymers for scaffolding•An impetus for the development of novel multifunctional scaffolding biomaterials
The dynamic interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment consisting of stromal cells (cellular part) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (non-cellular) is essential to stimulate the ...heterogeneity of cancer cell, clonal evolution and to increase the multidrug resistance ending in cancer cell progression and metastasis. The reciprocal cell-cell/ECM interaction and tumor cell hijacking of non-malignant cells force stromal cells to lose their function and acquire new phenotypes that promote development and invasion of tumor cells. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these interactions can be used as a novel strategy to indirectly disrupt cancer cell interplay and contribute to the development of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies to fight cancer. Furthermore, the tumor-derived circulating materials can also be used as cancer diagnostic tools to precisely predict and monitor the outcome of therapy. This review evaluates such potentials in various advanced cancer models, with a focus on 3D systems as well as lab-on-chip devices. Video abstract.
Polyaniline (PANI) has been the subject of considerable recent interest because of their unique electrical behavior, good environmental stability in doped and neutral states, ease of synthesis and ...wide applications in different fields. However, the main drawback of PANI is lack of solubility, which explains its limited processability due to a rigid backbone. Various procedures have been adapted to improve its processability. The major part of this review is a discussion of some of the methods employed for chemical modification of PANI, including doping via Acid–Base chemistry, sulfonation of PANI or copolymerization of aniline with sulfonated aniline derivatives, synthesis of PANI composites with processable polymers, copolymerization of aniline with substituted corresponding monomers, incorporation of polymeric chains or long and flexible alkyl chains in the PANI backbone, and enzymatic polymerization of aniline during the last decade.
This assay focused on presenting a comprehensive summary, recent progresses and future direction regarding the application of natural gums-based adsorbents for removal of synthetic dyes.
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Treatment of industrial wastewater containing synthetic dyes is inevitable owing to negative effects of dyes on the environment and human health. Consequently, numerous strategies, including filtration, photochemical, coagulation, oxidation process, biological, ion exchange, and adsorption have been applied for dyes removal. Amongst, the adsorption process is a promising method with superior features, such as cost-effectiveness, high selectivity and removal efficiency, easy operation, and recyclability of the adsorbents. Natural gums are naturally-occuring polysaccharides that possessing excellent properties, including their renewability, surface functionality, low cost, biocompatibility, abundancy, biodegradability, and non-toxic nature that can be used as bioadsorbent in dye remediation of industrial wastewater. Nevertheless, limitations such as low surface area, poor mechanical properties, low thermal stability, high hydrophilicity and water solubility, and low adsorption capability should be circumvented to afford ideal adsorbents. In this context, various techniques, including derivatization, polymer grafting, cross-linking, nanomaterials incorporation, blending with other polymers, and combination of these approaches have been employed for improving their properties. Considering these facts, this assay focused on presenting a comprehensive summary, recent progresses and future direction regarding the application of natural gums-based adsorbents for removal of synthetic dyes.
Herein, we present an interesting role of tungstate-decorated amphiphilic carbon quantum dots (A-CQDs/W) in the selective oxidative cleavage of alkenes to aldehydes. In this work, for the first time, ...we disclose an unprecedented tungstate-based oxidative system incorporating A-CQDs as a bridge to the homogeneous catalyst for selective and efficient cleavage of a wide substrate scope of alkenes into aldehydes. The A-CQDs/W were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal synthesis approach using 1-aminopropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride and stearic acid for the surface modification, following by anion-exchange to immobilize WO
to A-CQDs. The A-CQDs/W act as a pseudohomogeneous metallic catalyst (PMC) for selective oxidative scission of alkenes under phase transfer catalysts (PTC) free condition without over oxidation to acids, using water and H
O
as a green oxidant. Thanks to the sub-nanometric size and novel engineered chemical structure, this PMC and reactants are in the same phase, besides they can be easily isolated from each other by extraction processes. The synthesized PMC exhibited excellent solubility and stability in various solvents. Interestingly, the system's high conversion efficiency was preserved even after eight catalytic cycles indicating the recyclability of the synthesized PMC. We believe that this study provides a significant and conceptually novel advance in oxidative cleavage chemistry.
A novel pH- and thermo-responsive ABC triblock copolymer was synthesized, and successfully applied for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as an anticancer drug.
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•A ...novel pH- and thermo-responsive ABC triblock copolymer was successfully synthesized.•The “schizophrenic” self-assembly behavior of copolymer was fully investigated.•The biocompatibility of the synthesized triblock copolymer was evaluated by MTT assay.•Apoptosis inducing properties of DOX-loaded copolymer was examined using DAPI staining assay.•This copolymer was successfully applied for enhanced delivery of DOX as an anticancer drug.
A novel pH- and thermo-responsive ABC triblock copolymer {poly(2-succinyloxyethyl methacrylate)-b-(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-(N-4-vinylbenzyl),N,N-diethylamine} P(SEMA-b-NIPAAm-b-VEA) was successfully synthesized via reversible addition of fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique. The molecular weights of PHEMA, PNIPAAm, and PVEA segments in the synthesized triblock copolymer were calculated to be 10,670, 6140, and 9060gmol−1, respectively, from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The “schizophrenic” self-assembly behavior of the synthesized P(SEMA-b-NIPAAm-b-VEA) triblock copolymer under pH and thermal stimulus were investigated by means of 1H NMR and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopies as well as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential (ξ) measurements. The doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)-loading capacity, and stimuli-responsive drug release ability of the synthesized triblock copolymer were also investigated. The biocompatibility of the synthesized triblock copolymer was confirmed through the assessing survival rate of breast cancer cell line (MCF7) using MTT assay. In contrast, DOX-loaded triblock copolymer exhibited an efficient anticancer performance in comparison with free DOX verified by MTT and DAPI staining assays. As the results, we envision that the synthesized P(SEMA-b-NIPAAm-b-VEA) triblock copolymer can be applied as an enhanced anticancer drug delivery nanosystem, mainly due to its smart physicochemical and biocompatibility properties.
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