To understand the attitudes of UK radiology trainees towards artificial intelligence (AI) in Radiology, in particular, assessing the demand for AI education.
A survey, which ran over a period of 2 ...months, was created using the Google Forms platform and distributed via email to all UK training programmes.
The survey was completed by 149 trainee radiologists with at least one response from all UK training programmes. Of the responses, 83.7% were interested in AI use in radiology but 71.4% had no experience of working with AI and 79.9% would like to be involved in AI-based projects. Almost all (98.7%) felt that AI should be taught during their training, yet only one respondent stated that their training programme had implemented AI teaching. Respondents indicated that basic understanding, implementation, and critical appraisal of AI software should be prioritized in teaching. Of the trainees, 74.2% agreed that AI would enhance the job of diagnostic radiologists over the next 20 years. The main concerns raised were information technology/implementation and ethical/regulatory issues.
Despite the current limited availability of AI-based activities and teaching within UK training programmes, UK trainees' attitudes towards AI are mostly positive with many showing interest in being involved with AI-based projects, activities, and teaching.
Cozart Bioscience Limited has developed novel lateral flow technology that allows the detection of drugs of abuse in biological fluids and suspect powders. This paper describes the application of ...this technology for the detection of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in oral fluid. Samples (N = 370) were obtained from the analytical laboratory at Cozart Bioscience Limited following their routine analysis for drugs of abuse. Oral fluid samples were screened for the presence of MDMA and methamphetamine using the Cozart® RapiScan System (CRS) and then confirmed for the presence of amphetamines (amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA, MDEA, and MBDB) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition to the detection of MDMA and methamphetamine, the CRS cross-reacts with high levels of amphetamine to give a positive result. One hundred and twenty-one samples screened positive using the CRS. Six of these samples were confirmed negative for MDMA and methamphetamine, but contained very high levels of amphetamine. Employing a screening cutoff of 45 ng/mL for the CRS and a confirmation cutoff of 30 ng/mL for GC-MS, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 96.6, 96.8, and 96.8%, respectively. When applying the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration recommended confirmation cutoff for amphetamines of 50 ng/mL, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy increased marginally to 98.3, 96.9, and 97.3%, respectively.
The objective of these clinical trials was to calculate the performance, limit of detection, specificity and sensitivity of a novel, semi-quantitative immunoassay for drugs of abuse in saliva and to ...determine operator bias when measured blind by four different operators. The test is based on lateral flow gold particle technology coupled with digital photography to provide a semi-quantitative end point. The performance of the test was compared with that of enzyme immunoassays and GC/MS methods. Volunteers consumed marijuana or codeine and their saliva was collected 0.25 to 24 h later with the Cozart RapiScan collection device. The sensitivity and specificity of the opiate test were both 100%+/-10.4% for codeine for 9 h after dosing. The cutoff of the marijuana test at 10 ng/mL THCA was too high to detect marijuana use for more than a few hours after smoking. There was no operator bias because the results were presented in written form either as "positive" or "negative" for each of the five drug classes on the screen of the hand-held reader.
Background. To investigate the levels of maternal serum secretory acetylcholinesterase from a sample of pregnancies involving fetal neural tube defects and compare those results with alphafetoprotein ...levels.
Methods. Secretory acetylcholinesterase levels were measured using a new Enzyme Capture Immunoassay, in a small blind prospective study. The study group comprised pregnancies covering a gestational age range of 13-24 weeks where 98 had normal fetuses, 21 suffered from neural tube defects, and 15 had other complications.
Results. Maternal serum secretory acetylcholinesterase levels were found to be low and independent of gestational age between 14-20 weeks in a sample of normal pregnancies with normal alphafetoprotein levels. Raised levels of maternal serum secretory acetylcholinesterase were found in 100% of pregnancies involving spina bifida (17/17) and three of four anencephalics compared with raised alphafetoprotein levels found in 88% (15/17), and 100% (4/4) of the same samples. Only seven of 13 maternal serum samples from pregnancies with a normal outcome and none of the four twin pregnancies, all with raised alphafetoprotein levels, had raised secretory acetylcholinesterase levels.
Conclusions. Raised levels of maternal serum secretory acetylcholinesterase may provide a useful indicator of neural tube defects in early pregnancy.
Trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) were quantified by radioimmunoassay in blood, urine, and peritoneal exudate of rats with experimental pancreatitis. Forty-four animals were studied, comprising a ...control group and four different induction techniques (cerulein, cerulein plus either 2- or 10-min intraductal glycodeoxycholic acid GDOC infusion, and cerulein plus intraductal GDOC with enterokinase EK). Significantly higher TAP concentrations were found at 6 h (or at death) in plasma and ascites of all pancreatitis groups compared with controls. TAP quantitation in hourly urine samples demonstrated significantly higher concentrations from the third hour onward in the most severe groups and from the fourth hour onward in the cerulein-treated rats. All nonsurviving rats had a plasma TAP of greater than 2.5 nM/L, whereas only 1 of 34 surviving animals had such a concentration (p less than 0.001). A significant stepwise increase in total TAP in ascites was found when comparing the cerulein group, the two GDOC groups, and the EK group (p less than 0.001). Chromatography of samples with a high TAP content demonstrated comigration with synthetic TAP. We conclude that free TAP are present in blood, urine, and peritoneal exudate of rats with experimental pancreatitis of different pathogenesis and that the amount of TAP may be indicative of the severity of the disease process.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) was used to measure urinary TAP levels in standard feline models of acute oedematous pancreatitis and acute haemorrhagic ...pancreatitis. It has been shown that the extent of pancreatic damage as assessed histologically is significantly greater in the model of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. This increase in damage has been found to be associated with a significantly greater increase in the excretion of urinary TAP.
A detergent-solubilised membrane protein (the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) was coupled to red blood cells by the chromic chloride method. The bound receptor retained both antigenic activity and ...the ability to bind alpha neurotoxins. Coated cells were successfully used in a haemagglutination test to determine antibody titre and cross-reactivity of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-acetylcholine receptor antisera.
PDF
