In Norway, data on the association between second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home and respiratory symptoms in adults are limited.
We assessed the association between self-reported exposure ...to SHS and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among never-smokers aged 16 to 50 years from the general population who were included in a cross-sectional population-based study in Telemark County, Norway. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of symptoms among 8850 never-smokers who provided an affirmative response to questions regarding SHS; 504 (5.7%) of these reported that they lived in a home with daily or occasional indoor smoking.
Productive cough and nocturnal dyspnoea were statistically associated with daily SHS exposure (ORs 1.5 95% CI 1.04-2.0 and 1.8 1.2-2.7, respectively). In analyses stratified by gender, nocturnal dyspnoea was associated with SHS among women (OR 1.8 1.1-3.1), but not among men (OR 0.93 0.49-1.8). Symptoms were not associated with occasional SHS exposure in the entire group, but infrequent exposure among men only was associated with increased prevalence of chronic cough; (OR 1.6; 1.04-2.6) and was negatively associated with wheeze; (OR 0.44 0.21-0.92).
Daily SHS exposure in private homes was associated with productive cough and nocturnal dyspnoea. Our results suggest that preventive measures may be needed to reduce the respiratory effects of SHS at home.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02073708 Registered February 27. 2014.
Background
Case series are an important and common study type. No guideline exists for reporting case series and there is evidence of key data being missed from such reports. The first step in the ...process of developing a methodologically sound reporting guideline is a systematic review of literature relevant to the reporting deficiencies of case series.
Methods
A systematic review of methodological and reporting quality in surgical case series was performed. The electronic search strategy was developed by an information specialist and included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Methods Register, Science Citation Index and Conference Proceedings Citation index, from the start of indexing to 5 November 2014. Independent screening, eligibility assessments and data extraction were performed. Included articles were then analysed for five areas of deficiency: failure to use standardized definitions, missing or selective data (including the omission of whole cases or important variables), transparency or incomplete reporting, whether alternative study designs were considered, and other issues.
Results
Database searching identified 2205 records. Through the process of screening and eligibility assessments, 92 articles met inclusion criteria. Frequencies of methodological and reporting issues identified were: failure to use standardized definitions (57 per cent), missing or selective data (66 per cent), transparency or incomplete reporting (70 per cent), whether alternative study designs were considered (11 per cent) and other issues (52 per cent).
Conclusion
The methodological and reporting quality of surgical case series needs improvement. The data indicate that evidence‐based guidelines for the conduct and reporting of case series may be useful.
Guidelines are needed
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dosing on bacterial fermentation and bacterial community composition (BCC), to set up a subacute ruminal acidosis ...(SARA) nutritional model in vitro, and to determine the best sampling time for LPS dosing in a dual-flow continuous culture system. Diets were randomly assigned to 6 fermentors in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with three 11-d experimental periods that consisted of 7 d for diet adaptation and 4 d for sample collection. Treatments were control diet (CON), wheat and barley diet (WBD) to induce SARA, and control diet + LPS (LPSD). Fermenters were fed 72 g of dry matter/d. The forage:concentrate ratio of CON was 65:35. The WBD diet was achieved by replacing 40% of dry matter of the CON diet with 50% ground wheat and 50% ground barley. The LPS concentration in LPSD was 200,000 endotoxin units, which was similar to that observed in cows with SARA. The SARA inducing and LPS dosing started at d 8. The BCC was determined by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). The LPSD and CON maintained pH above 6 for the entire experimental period, and the WBD kept pH between 5.2 and 5.6 for 4 h/d, successfully inducing SARA. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein in LPSD were not different from WBD but tended to be lower than CON. Lipopolysaccharide dosing had no effect on pool of VFA concentrations and profiles but decreased bacterial N; the pattern changes of VFA and LPS in LPSD started to increase and be similar to WBD 6 h after LPS dosing. Pool of LPS concentration was around 11-fold higher in WBD and 4-fold higher in LPSD than CON. In the solid fraction, the BCC of LPSD was different from WBD and tended to be different from CON. In the liquid fraction, the BCC was different among treatments. The LPS dosing increased the relative abundance of Succinimonas, Anaeroplasma, Succinivibrio, Succiniclasticum, and Ruminobacter, which are main gram-negative bacteria related to starch digestion. Our results suggest that LPS dosing does not affect pH alone. However, LPS could drive the development of SARA by affecting bacteria and bacterial fermentation. For future studies, samples are suggested to be taken 6 h after LPS dosing in a dual-flow continuous culture system.
A
bstract
Using (10087 ± 44) × 10
6
J
/
ψ
events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII
e
+
e
−
storage ring at the center-of-mass energy of
s
= 3.097 GeV, we present a search for the rare ...semi-muonic charmonium decay
J
/
ψ
→
D
−
μ
+
ν
μ
+ c.c.. Since no significant signal is observed, we set an upper limit of the branching fraction to be
B
(
J
/
ψ
→
D
−
μ
+
ν
μ
+ c.c.) < 5.6 × 10
−
7
at 90% confidence level. This is the first search for the weak decay of charmonium with a muon in the final state.
A
bstract
Using (27
.
12 ± 0
.
14) × 10
8
ψ
(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of
s
= 3
.
686 GeV, we search for the first time for two nonleptonic hyperon ...decays that change strangeness by two units, Ω
−
→ Σ
0
π
−
and Ω
−
→
nK
−
. No significant signal is observed. The upper limits on their decay branching fractions are determined to be
B
(Ω
−
→ Σ
0
π
−
)
<
5
.
4 × 10
−
4
and
B
(Ω
−
→
nK
−
)
<
2
.
4 × 10
−
4
at the 90% confidence level.
Aim
Short‐term exercise training may induce metabolic and performance adaptations before any changes in mitochondrial enzyme potential. However, there has not been a study that has directly assessed ...changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity or metabolic control as a consequence of such training in vivo. Therefore, we used 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) to examine the effect of short‐term plantar flexion exercise training on phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery kinetics and the control of respiration rate.
Method
To this aim, we investigated 12 healthy men, experienced with this exercise modality (TRA), and 7 time‐control subjects (TC).
Results
After 5 days of training, maximum work rate during incremental plantar flexion exercise was significantly improved (P < 0.01). During the recovery period, the maximal rate of oxidative adenosine triphosphate synthesis (PRE: 28 ± 13 mm min−1; POST: 26 ± 15 mm min−1) and the PCr recovery time constant (PRE: 31 ± 19 s; POST: 29 ± 16) were not significantly altered. In contrast, the Hill coefficient (nH) describing the co‐operativity between respiration rate and ADP was significantly increased in TRA (PRE: nH = 2.7 ± 1.4; POST: nH = 3.4 ± 1.9, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were no systematic variations in any of these variables in TC.
Conclusion
This study reveals that 5 days of training induces rapid adaptation in the allosteric control of respiration rate by ADP before any substantial improvement in muscle oxidative capacity occurs.
Observation of ψ(3686) →Ω−K+Ξ¯0 + c.c Ai, X. C.; Bakina, O.; Balossino, I. ...
The journal of high energy physics,
04/2024, Letnik:
2024, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
Using (27
.
12
±
0
.
14)
×
10
8
ψ
(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the decay of
ψ
(3686)
→
Ω
−
K
+
Ξ
¯
0
+ c
.
c
.
is observed for the first time. The branching ...fraction of this decay is measured to be
B
ψ
3686
→
Ω
−
K
+
Ξ
¯
0
+
c
.
c
.
= (2
.
78 ± 0
.
40 ± 0
.
18) × 10
−
6
, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Possible baryon excited states are searched for in this decay, but no evident intermediate state is observed with the current sample size.
A
bstract
Using 2.93 fb
−
1
of
e
+
e
−
collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy 3.773 GeV, we perform the first amplitude analysis of the decay
D
+
→
K
S
0
π
+
π
...0
π
0
and determine the relative magnitudes and phases of different intermediate processes. The absolute branching fraction of
D
+
→
K
S
0
π
+
π
0
π
0
is measured to be (2.888
±
0.058
stat
.
±
0.069
syst
.
)%. The dominant intermediate processes are
D
+
→
K
S
0
a
1
(1260)
+
(
→ ρ
+
π
0
) and
D
+
→
K
¯
*0
ρ
+
, with branching fractions of (8.66
±
1.04
stat
.
±
1.39
syst
.
)
×
10
−
3
and (9.70
±
0.81
stat
.
±
0.53
syst
.
)
×
10
−
3
, respectively.
A
bstract
Based on 4.5 fb
−
1
e
+
e
−
collision data collected with BESIII detector at seven energy points between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV, the branching fractions for
Λ
c
+
→
pη
and
Λ
c
+
→
pω
were ...measured by means of single-tag method. The branching fractions of
Λ
c
+
→
pη
and
Λ
c
+
→
pω
are determined to be (1.57
±
0.11
stat
±
0.04
syst
)
×
10
−
3
and (1.11
±
0.20
stat
±
0.07
syst
)
×
10
−
3
, with a statistical significance of greater than 10
σ
and 5.7
σ
, respectively. These results are consistent with the previous measurements by BESIII, LHCb and Belle, and the result of
Λ
c
+
→
pη
is the most precise to date.
A
bstract
Based on
e
+
e
−
collision data collected at center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, a partial wave analysis is performed for the ...process
e
+
e
−
→
K
S
0
K
L
0
π
0
. The results allow the Born cross sections of the process
e
+
e
−
→
K
S
0
K
L
0
π
0
, as well as its subprocesses
e
+
e
−
→
K
∗
(892)
0
K
¯
0
and
K
2
∗
(1430)
0
K
¯
0
to be measured. The Born cross sections for
e
+
e
−
→
K
S
0
K
L
0
π
0
are consistent with previous measurements by BaBar, but with substantially improved precision. The Born cross section lineshape of the process
e
+
e
−
K
∗
(892)
0
K
¯
0
is consistent with a vector meson state around 2.2 GeV with a significance of 3.2
σ
. A Breit-Wigner fit determines its mass as
M
Y
= (2164
.
7
±
9
.
1
±
3
.
1) MeV
/c
2
and its width as Γ
Y
= (32
.
4
±
21
.
0
±
1
.
8) MeV.
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