Objective: To test the fit of a seven-syndrome model to ratings of preschoolers' problems by parents in very diverse societies. Method: Parents of 19,106 children 18 to 71 months of age from 23 ...societies in Asia, Australasia, Europe, the Middle East, and South America completed the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the seven-syndrome model separately for each society. Results: The primary model fit index, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), indicated acceptable to good fit for each society. Although a six-syndrome model combining the Emotionally Reactive and Anxious/Depressed syndromes also fit the data for nine societies, it fit less well than the seven-syndrome model for seven of the nine societies. Other fit indices yielded less consistent results than the RMSEA. Conclusions: The seven-syndrome model provides one way to capture patterns of children's problems that are manifested in ratings by parents from many societies. Clinicians working with preschoolers from these societies can thus assess and describe parents' ratings of behavioral, emotional, and social problems in terms of the seven syndromes. The results illustrate possibilities for culture-general taxonomic constructs of preschool psychopathology. Problems not captured by the CBCL/1.5-5 may form additional syndromes, and other syndrome models may also fit the data. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)
This study aimed to examine the relationship between family communication and the psychological impact of COVID-19 on university students in Kosovo. A total of 765 university students across Kosovo ...responded to an online survey assessing anxiety, family communication, and mental health impact of COVID-19 through the GAD-7 questionnaire, FACES-IV, and self-rated mental health, respectively. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and regression analyses were conducted. Anxiety was reported by 41.3% of the students, and every fourth student had a perception of poor mental health (25%). Students who reported the most severe levels of anxiety also reported the lowest levels of family communication; severity of anxiety increased with a decrease in family communication. The COVID-19 infection seem to have impacted family communication; however, more in-depth studies, including cultural context factors, are needed to thoroughly examine changes in family communication dynamics and the impact of relevant factors on student's mental health.
This study aimed to explore the possible effects of coping strategies and anxiety on mental health among female undergraduate students in Kosovo. 492 students (M = 20.54, SD = 1.98) from three ...universities, voluntarily completed the Mental health SRMH, the Brief-COPE self-report questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and a sociodemographic survey through a web-based Google form. Descriptive, correlation, t-Test, ANOVA, linear and multiple regressions were used. 65% suffered from anxiety and 62.6% of them rated their general health as poor. Students of second and third year reported more poor mental health (64.5%; 64.1%; 66%) and higher anxiety level (47.7%; 36.8%; 36.4%) than other students. There was a significant moderate positive relationship only between the anxiety and avoidant coping style. The hierarchical regression models indicated that the mental health score of students were predicted by being infected with COVID-19 (P = 0.00), study year (P = 0.00), and type of university (P = 0.000). Overall, the findings indicated that coping strategies don’t appear to predict mental health among students (P>0.00). The universities should be more aware of the students’ mental health. Organizing intervention programs with professionally trained counselors, may be one of the activities provided for them
Previous research supports the CBCL/1½–5’s
DSM
-ASD scale (and its precursor, the
DSM
-PDP scale) as a Level 1 ASD screener. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) with data from population samples in ...24 societies (
N
= 19,850) indicated good measurement invariance across societies, especially for configural and metric invariance. Items
4. 25
,
67
,
80
, and
98
may be especially good discriminators of ASD because they have tend to have low base rates, strong loadings on the ASD latent construct, and the best measurement invariance across societies. Further research is needed to test the discriminative power of these items in predicting ASD, but our strong measurement findings support the international psychometric robustness of the CBCL/1½–5’s
DSM
-ASD scale.
This study tested international similarities and differences in scores on a scale comprising 12 items identified by international mental health experts as being very consistent with the Diagnostic ...and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) category of autism spectrum disorder. Participants were 19,850 preschoolers in 24 societies rated by parents on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½–5; 10,521 preschoolers from 15 societies rated by caregivers/teachers on the Caregiver–Teacher Report Form, and 7380 children from 13 societies rated by both types of informant. Rank ordering of the items with respect to base rates and mean ratings was more similar across societies for parent ratings than caregiver/teacher ratings, especially with respect to the items tapping restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Items 80. Strange behavior; 63. Repeatedly rocks head or body; 67. Seems unresponsive to affection; and 98. Withdrawn, doesn’t get involved with others had low base rates in these population samples across societies and types of informants, suggesting that they may be particularly discriminating for identifying autism spectrum disorder in young children. Cross-informant agreement was stronger for the items tapping social communication and interaction problems than restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The findings support the feasibility of international use of the scale for autism spectrum disorder screening in population samples.
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