Apoptosis is the elimination of functionally non-essential, neoplastic, and infected cells via the mitochondrial pathway or death receptor pathway. The process of apoptosis is highly regulated ...through membrane channels and apoptogenic proteins. Apoptosis maintains cellular balance within the human body through cell cycle progression. Loss of apoptosis control prolongs cancer cell survival and allows the accumulation of mutations that can promote angiogenesis, promote cell proliferation, disrupt differentiation, and increase invasiveness during tumor progression. The apoptotic pathway has been extensively studied as a potential drug target in cancer treatment. However, the off-target activities of drugs and negative implications have been a matter of concern over the years. Phytochemicals (PCs) have been studied for their efficacy in various cancer cell lines individually and synergistically. The development of nanoparticles (NPs) through green synthesis has added a new dimension to the advancement of plant-based nanomaterials for effective cancer treatment. This review provides a detailed insight into the fundamental molecular pathways of programmed cell death and highlights the role of PCs along with the existing drugs and plant-based NPs in treating cancer by targeting its programmed cell death (PCD) network.
Fluoride is widely found in soil–water systems due to anthropogenic and geogenic activities that affect millions worldwide. Fluoride ingestion results in chronic and acute toxicity, including ...skeletal and dental fluorosis, neurological damage, and bone softening in humans. Therefore, this review paper summarizes biological processes for fluoride remediation, i.e., bioaccumulation in plants and microbially assisted systems. Bioremediation approaches for fluoride removal have recently gained prominence in removing fluoride ions. Plants are vulnerable to fluoride accumulation in soil, and their growth and development can be negatively affected, even with low fluoride content in the soil. The microbial bioremediation processes involve bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and biosorption. Bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass are ecologically efficient bioremediators. Most bioremediation techniques are laboratory-scale based on contaminated solutions; however, treatment of fluoride-contaminated wastewater at an industrial scale is yet to be investigated. Therefore, this review recommends the practical applicability and sustainability of microbial bioremediation of fluoride in different environments.
Context: The Bhore Committee in 1946 gave the concept of PHC as comprehensive primary health care to the community and maintain an acceptable standard of quality of care. The study was conducted to ...assess the implementation of National Health Programmes at PHCs in Uttarakhand.
Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at two PHCs (Thano and Raiwala) from March 2019 to April 2019. Interviews of health functionaries and beneficiaries of national health programmes were done based on standard Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) guidelines and check list, for both PHCs. Beneficiaries under each programme were also observed.
Result: Various programmes such as Universal Immunization Programme, School Health Programme, and Pulse Polio Programme, National nutrition Programme, National family welfare Programme, NPCDCS and Jansankhya Niyantran Yojna were implemented successfully at both PHCs. Although knowledge among peripheral health workers was found to be little inadequate.
Conclusion: The functioning and execution of some of the National Health Programs at PHCs Thano and Raiwala were found to be inclined with IPHS guidelines.
Background and Aims: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally with 17.9 million deaths in 2016. Nepal is facing a high burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with ...66% of people dying from NCDs in 2018. In this study, we aim to assess the knowledge, attitudeand practice regarding CVDs among people of Pakhribas Municipality in Eastern Nepal.
Methods: Observational cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Pakhribas Municipality in eastern Nepal from 9th December to 22nd December 2018. We recruited a convenient sample of 458 permanent residents of Pakhribas municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire based on the CARRF-KL scale survey for knowledge, attitude and practice (after thorough literature review) was used to elicit the information. Descriptive and thematic analysis was done.
Result: Fifty-five percent of the respondents belonged to the age group of 30-60 years. Half of the respondents were females. Janjati community was the most dominant ethnicity. One-fourth of the participants were illiterate. The knowledge was found to be average with only 51.5% realizing that family history of CVDs increases the risk of CVDs. Similarly, 46% didn’t know that coronary heart disease could be prevented. The attitude was found to be good with 90.4%, 93.6% and 90.6% respectively stating that they will exercise more, change eating habits and quit smoking if they had CVDs. Regarding practices, people visit traditional healers when they are ill and drink alcohol to fight cold despite knowing it as a risk factor for CVDs.
Conclusion: The knowledge of people of Pakhribas Municipality regarding CVD was average. However, the attitude was good. Regarding the practice, people have mixed practices.
A new generation of powerful dark energy experiments will open new vistas for cosmology in the next decade. However, these projects cannot reach their utmost potential without data from other ...telescopes. This white paper focuses in particular on the compelling benefits of ground-based spectroscopic and photometric observations to complement the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, as well as smaller programs in aid of a DESI-2 experiment and CMB-S4. These additional data sets will both improve dark energy constraints from these flagship projects beyond what would possible on their own and open completely new windows into fundamental physics. For example, additional photometry and single-object spectroscopy will provide necessary follow-up information for supernova and strong lensing cosmology, while highly-multiplexed spectroscopy both from smaller facilities over wide fields and from larger facilities over narrower regions of sky will yield more accurate photometric redshift estimates for weak lensing and galaxy clustering measurements from the Rubin Observatory, provide critical spectroscopic host galaxy redshifts for supernova Hubble diagrams, provide improved understanding of limiting astrophysical systematic effects, and enable new measurements that probe the nature of gravity. A common thread is that access to complementary data from a range of telescopes/instruments would have a substantial impact on the rate of advance of dark energy science in the coming years.
Next Generation LSST Science Jha, Saurabh W; Bianco, Federica; W Niel Brandt ...
arXiv (Cornell University),
07/2019
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) can advance scientific frontiers beyond its groundbreaking 10-year survey. Here we explore opportunities for extended operations with proposal-based ...observing strategies, new filters, or transformed instrumentation. We recommend the development of a mid-decade community- and science-driven process to define next-generation LSST capabilities.
Single-object imaging and spectroscopy on telescopes with apertures ranging
from ~4 m to 40 m have the potential to greatly enhance the cosmological
constraints that can be obtained from LSST. Two ...major cosmological probes will
benefit greatly from LSST follow-up: accurate spectrophotometry for nearby and
distant Type Ia supernovae will expand the cosmological distance lever arm by
unlocking the constraining power of high-z supernovae; and cosmology with time
delays of strongly-lensed supernovae and quasars will require additional
high-cadence imaging to supplement LSST, adaptive optics imaging or
spectroscopy for accurate lens and source positions, and IFU or slit
spectroscopy to measure detailed properties of lens systems. We highlight the
scientific impact of these two science drivers, and discuss how additional
resources will benefit them. For both science cases, LSST will deliver a large
sample of objects over both the wide and deep fields in the LSST survey, but
additional data to characterize both individual systems and overall systematics
will be key to ensuring robust cosmological inference to high redshifts.
Community access to large amounts of natural-seeing imaging on ~2-4 m
telescopes, adaptive optics imaging and spectroscopy on 8-40 m telescopes, and
high-throughput single-target spectroscopy on 4-40 m telescopes will be
necessary for LSST time domain cosmology to reach its full potential. In two
companion white papers we present the additional gains for LSST cosmology that
will come from deep and from wide-field multi-object spectroscopy.
PDF
