Much of the world's terrestrial landscapes are being altered by humans in the form of agriculture, urbanization and pastoral systems, with major implications for biodiversity. Bumble bees are one of ...the most effective pollinators in both natural and cultivated landscapes, but are often the first to be extirpated in human‐altered habitats. Yet, little is known about the role of natural and human‐altered habitats in promoting or limiting bumble bee gene flow. In this study, I closely examine the genetic structure of the yellow‐faced bumble bee, Bombus vosnesenskii, across the southwestern US coast and find strong evidence that natural oceanic barriers, as well as contemporary human‐altered habitats, limit bee gene flow. Heterozygosity and allelic richness were lower in island populations, while private allelic richness was higher in island populations compared to mainland populations. Genetic differentiation, measured for three indices across the 1000 km study region, was significantly greater than the null expectation (FST = 0.041, F’ST = 0.044 and Dest = 0.155) and correlated with geographic distance. Furthermore, genetic differentiation patterns were most strongly correlated with contemporary (2011) not past (2006, 2001) resistance maps calibrated for high dispersal limitation over oceans, impervious habitat and croplands. Despite the incorporation of dramatic elevation gradients, the analyses reveal that oceans and contemporary human land use, not mountains, are the primary dispersal barriers for B. vosnesenskii gene flow. These findings reinforce the importance of maintaining corridors of suitable habitat across the distribution range of native pollinators to promote their persistence and safeguard their ability to provide essential pollination services.
Final nail in the coffin Jha, S
BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology,
December 2021, 2021-12-00, 20211201, Letnik:
128, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Understanding risk: scrutinising PROSPECT Jha, S
BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology,
December 2021, 2021-12-00, 20211201, Letnik:
128, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Episiotomy: necessity or negligence? Jha, S
BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology,
October 2020, Letnik:
127, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Sexual dysfunction in women with prolapse and incontinence is well documented in the literature, but the impact of treatment, particularly surgical correction, remains very limited and confusing. ...Age, on the other hand, has been shown to be an independent risk factor for deteriorating sexual function, with all aspects of the sexual function (i.e. desire, arousal, penetration, and orgasm) being affected. When combined with surgical correction of prolapse or incontinence there is potential for further worsening of sexual function, and hence this should be assessed before any pelvic floor surgery and patient expectations established. In this article the current evidence will be reviewed looking at the impact of pelvic floor dysfunction on sexual function and the effect of commonly performed surgery for these problems. Ways and means of preserving sexual function in women undergoing corrective surgery will also be investigated.
We present 2603 spectra of 462 nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), including 2065 previously unpublished spectra, obtained during 1993-2008 through the Center for Astrophysics Supernova Program. ...Based on nebular spectra of 27 SNe Ia, we find no relation between the FWHM of the iron emission feature at ~4700A and delta msub 15(B) after removing the two low-luminosity SN 1986G and SN 1991bg, suggesting that the peak luminosity is not strongly dependent on the kinetic energy of the explosion for most SNe Ia. Finally, we confirm the correlation of velocity shifts in some nebular lines with the intrinsic B-V color of SNe Ia at maximum light, although several outliers suggest a possible non-monotonic behavior for the largest blue-shifts.
Accurately and precisely estimating global horizontal irradiance (GHI) poses significant challenges due to the unpredictable nature of climate parameters and geographical limitations. To address this ...challenge, this study proposes a forecasting framework using an integrated model of the convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU). The proposed model uses a dataset of four different districts in Rajasthan, each with unique solar irradiance patterns. Firstly, the data was preprocessed and then trained with the optimized parameters of the standalone and hybrid models and compared. It can be observed that the proposed hybrid model (CNN-LSTM-GRU) consistently outperformed all other models regarding Mean absolute error (MAE) and Root mean squared error (RMSE). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method forecasts accurate GHI with a RMSE of 0.00731, 0.00730, 0.00775, 0.00810 and MAE of 0.00516, 0.00524, 0.00552, 0.00592 for Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Bikaner respectively. This indicates that the model is better at minimizing prediction errors and providing more accurate GHI estimates. Additionally, the proposed model achieved a higher coefficient of determination (R (Ghimire et al., 2019)), suggesting that it best fits the dataset. A higher R2 value signifies that the proposed model could explain a significant portion of the variance in the GHI dataset, further emphasizing its predictive capabilities. In conclusion, this work demonstrates the effectiveness of the hybrid algorithm in improving adaptability and enhancing prediction accuracy for GHI estimation.
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•Implementation of machine learning and deep learning algorithms for the estimation of GHI.•A hybrid techniques are used and compared with standalone deep learning models with hyperparameter optimization.•A random search optimization technique is used for the estimation of GHI.
The Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) was the highest-ranked large space-based mission of the 2010 New Worlds, New Horizons decadal survey. It is now a NASA mission in formulation with a ...planned launch in the mid 2020s. A primary mission objective is to precisely constrain the nature of dark energy through multiple probes, including Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia). Here, we present the first realistic simulations of the WFIRST SN survey based on current hardware specifications and using open-source tools. We simulate SN light curves and spectra as viewed by the WFIRST wide-field channel (WFC) imager and integral field channel (IFC) spectrometer, respectively. We examine 11 survey strategies with different time allocations between the WFC and IFC, two of which are based upon the strategy described by the WFIRST Science Definition Team, which measures SN distances exclusively from IFC data. We propagate statistical and, crucially, systematic uncertainties to predict the Dark Energy Task Force figure of merit (FoM) for each strategy. Of the strategies investigated, we find the most successful to be WFC focused. However, further work in constraining systematics is required to fully optimize the use of the IFC. Even without improvements to other cosmological probes, the WFIRST SN survey has the potential to increase the FoM by more than an order of magnitude from the current values. Although the survey strategies presented here have not been fully optimized, these initial investigations are an important step in the development of the final hardware design and implementation of the WFIRST mission.
Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread to every inhabited continent in the world. So far, plain radiography and computed tomography have been the mainstay of imaging methods used. The present analytical ...paper on the role of point-of-care lung ultrasound in this pandemic examines its diagnostic accuracy, clinical utility, and physical practicality in the intensive care unit.
•POCUS has a high sensitivity for pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19.•POCUS minimises nosocomial spread.•POCUS can prognosticate and assess response to therapy.•Healthcare providers with skills in POCUS are encouraged to help provide this service.
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