The spikelet number per spike (SNS) contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat. Identifying various genes that control wheat SNS is vital for yield improvement. This study used a recombinant inbred ...line population genotyped by the Wheat55K single-nucleotide polymorphism array to identify two major and stably expressed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SNS. One of them (QSns.sau-2SY-2D.1) was reported previously, while the other (QSns.sau-2SY-7A) was newly detected and further analyzed in this study. QSns.sau-2SY-7A had a high LOD value ranging from 4.46 to 16.00 and explained 10.21–40.78％ of the phenotypic variances. QSns.sau-2SY-7A was flanked by the markers AX-110518554 and AX-110094527 in a 4.75-cM interval on chromosome arm 7AL. The contributions and interactions of both major QTLs were further analyzed and discussed. The effect of QSns.sau-2SY-7A was successfully validated by developing a tightly linked kompetitive allele specific PCR marker in an F2:3 population and a panel of 101 high-generation breeding wheat lines. Furthermore, several genes including the previously reported WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 (WAPO1), an ortholog of the rice gene ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 (APO1) related to SNS, were predicted in the interval of QSns.sau-2SY-7A. In summary, these results revealed the genetic basis of the multi-spikelet genotype of wheat line 20828 and will facilitate subsequent fine mapping and breeding utilization of the major QTLs.
QTL Mapping for Important Agronomic Traits in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Derived from Aegiliops tauschii ssp. tauschii YU Ma, CHEN Guo-yue, ZHANG Lian-quan, LIU Ya-xi, LIU Deng-cai, WANG Ji-rui, PU Zhien, ZHANG Li, LAN Xiu-jin, WEI Yu-ming, LIU Chun-ji , ZHENG You-liang (National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture,
09/2014, Letnik:
13, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Aegiliops tauschii is classified into two subspecies： Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii and Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata. Novel genetic variations exist in Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii that can be utilized ...in wheat improvement. We synthesized a hexaploid wheat genotype（SHW-L1） by crossing an Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii accession（AS60） with a tetraploid wheat genotype（AS2255）. A population consisting of 171 F8 recombinant inbred lines was developed from SHW-L1 and Chuanmai 32 to identify QTLs associated with agronomic traits. A new genetic map with high density was constructed and used to detect the QTLs for heading date, kernel width, spike length, spikelet number, and thousand kernel weight. A total of 30 putative QTLs were identified for five investigated traits. Thirteen QTLs were located on D genomes of SHW-L1, six of them showed positive effect on agronomic traits. Chromosome region flanked by wPt-6133–wPt-8134 on 2D carried five environment-independent QTLs. Each QTL accounted for more than 10% phenotypic variance. These QTLs were highly consistent across environments and should be used in wheat breeding.
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiome composition in pregnant women with digestive diseases to analyze the relationships between the microflora changes and digestive diseases ...during pregnancy.
Methods
Fecal samples obtained from 71 pregnant women six acute fatty liver (AF group), 21 constipation (C group), 24 excessive vomiting (V group) and 20 normal pregnancy (CP group) and 26 non-pregnant (NP group) women were subjected to 16 s rRNA sequencing. Differential analysis of intestinal flora at the genera level was performed.
Results
The relative abundance of
Coprobacillus
,
Acinetobacter
,
Enterococcus
,
Weissella
and
Lysinibacillus
was increased in the digestive diseases (AF, C and V) groups compared with CP group, whereas that of five common genera, including
Terrisporobacter
,
Dysgonomonas
,
Adlercreutzia
,
Fusicatenibacter
and
Blautia
, was decreased in digestive diseases groups. Additionally, in digestive diseases (AF, C and V) groups, the abundance of 13 common genera, such as
Carnobacterium
,
Coprobacillus
and
Psychrobacter
, was higher than NP group, whereas that of 27 common genera, such as
Blautia
and
Terrisporobacter
, was lower than NP group. About 69 genera were differentially abundant between AF and C groups; two genera (
Aerococcus
and
Senegalimassilia
) were identified between AF and V groups; moreover, total 63 genera were obtained between C and V groups.
Conclusion
Our data revealed that the abundance of
Acinetobacter
,
Enterococci
,
Paenibacillus
,
Blautia
and
Collinsella
might be associated with the digestive diseases during pregnancy. These findings further supported the idea that targeting the gut microbiota could be a new prevention or therapeutic approach for improving digestive diseases during pregnancy.
Nanofluid offers more opportunities and challenges over the traditional surfactant and polymer solutions during enhanced oil recovery (commonly referred to as tertiary oil recovery) due to its ...remarkable properties. This review mainly discusses the preparation methods of amphiphilic nanoparticles due to their higher interface activity than sole hydrophilic or hydrophobic nanoparticles (SHNPs). The nanofluids' stability is reviewed in this work. Moreover, the mechanisms of nanofluids in enhancing oil recovery (N-EOR) in terms of interfacial tension reduction, wettability alteration, foam stabilization, emulsion stabilization, structural disjoining pressure, and depressurization-increasing injection are mainly summarized and reviewed. Also, the synergistic effects of nanofluids and traditional surfactants and polymers are discussed. Finally, nanofluids’ challenges and prospects are also outlined. The nanofluids can still be regarded as an outstanding candidate for enhancing oil recovery significantly in the future although there are limitations on their applications from laboratory scale to field scale.
A novel high conversion ratio bidirectional C-dual transformers-LC (CDT-LC) resonant dc-dc converter is proposed in this paper. Based on the traditional LLC, an auxiliary transformer and an extra ...resonant capacitance are employed in the CDT-LC structure. It not only harvests high efficiency, but exhibits a good voltage gain feature. Especially for the case of light load, CDT-LC still harvests a high efficiency, compared with traditional converters. Also, it can achieve a fast gain reduction when the switching frequency is higher than resonant frequency. In this paper, the operating principles of the converter are analyzed in both bidirectional operation modes. In addition, its dual-transformers structure feature and voltage gain characteristics are discussed in details. Furthermore, the parameter design method is provided. Moreover, the loss breakdown for the converter is given in details. Finally, a 2.5-kW prototype is established to verify the performance of the CDT-LC converter, and its maximum efficiency reaches 97%.
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a major pest of rice in Asia, is able to successfully puncture sieve tubes in rice with its piercing stylet and then ...to ingest phloem sap. How BPH manages to continuously feed on rice remains unclear. Here, we cloned the gene NlSEF1, which is highly expressed in the salivary glands of BPH. The NlSEF1 protein has EF-hand Ca
-binding activity and can be secreted into rice plants when BPH feed. Infestation of rice by BPH nymphs whose NlSEF1 was knocked down elicited higher levels of Ca
and H
O
but not jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and SA in rice than did infestation by control nymphs; Consistently, wounding plus the recombination protein NlSEF1 suppressed the production of H
O
in rice. Bioassays revealed that NlSEF1-knockdown BPH nymphs had a higher mortality rate and lower feeding capacity on rice than control nymphs. These results indicate that the salivary protein in BPH, NlSEF1, functions as an effector and plays important roles in interactions between BPH and rice by mediating the plant's defense responses.
Phytohormones are key regulators of plant growth, development, and signalling networks involved in responses to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcriptional reference maps of hormone ...responses have been reported for several model plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Brachypodium distachyon. However, because of species differences and the complexity of the wheat genome, these transcriptome data are not appropriate reference material for wheat studies.
We comprehensively analysed the transcriptomic responses in wheat spikes to seven phytohormones, including indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), cytokinin (CK), salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA). A total of 3386 genes were differentially expressed at 24 h after the hormone treatments. Furthermore, 22.7% of these genes exhibited overlapping transcriptional responses for at least two hormones, implying there is crosstalk among phytohormones. We subsequently identified genes with expression levels that were significantly and differentially induced by a specific phytohormone (i.e., hormone-specific responses). The data for these hormone-responsive genes were then compared with the transcriptome data for wheat spikes exposed to biotic (Fusarium head blight) and abiotic (water deficit) stresses.
Our data were used to develop a transcriptional reference map of hormone responses in wheat spikes.
To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of mDIXON-Quant technique for prediction of bone loss in male adults.
One hundred thirty-eight male adults were divided into normal, osteopenia, and ...osteoporosis groups based on DXA and QCT for the lumbar spine. Differences in mDIXON-Quant parameters fat fraction (FF) and T2
value among three groups, as well as the correlation of mDIXON-Quant parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) were analyzed. The areas under the curves (AUCs) for mDIXON-Quant parameters for prediction of low bone mass were calculated.
According to DXA standard, FF and T2
value were significantly increased in osteoporosis group compared with normal group (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001). According to QCT standard, FF was significantly increased in osteopenia and osteoporosis groups compared with normal group (both P < 0.001). T2
values were significantly different among three groups (all P < 0.05). After correction for age and body mass index, FF was negatively correlated with areal BMD and volumetric BMD (r = -0.205 and -0.604, respectively; both P < 0.05), and so was T2
value (r = -0.324 and -0.444, respectively; both P < 0.05). The AUCs for predicting low bone mass according to DXA and QCT standards were 0.642 and 0.898 for FF, 0.648 and 0.740 for T2
value, and 0.677 and 0.920 for both combined, respectively.
FF combined with T2
value has a better diagnostic efficacy than FF or T2
value alone in prediction of low bone mass in male adults, which is expected to be a promising MRI method for the screening of bone quality.
ChiCTR1900024511 (Registered 13-07-2019).
Background
A growing number of studies have shown that Yin Yang 1 (YY1) promotes the development of multiple tumours. The purpose of the current study was to determine the mechanism by which YY1 ...mediates neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer (NEPC) cells undergoing cellular plasticity.
Methods
Using the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we bioinformatically analyzed YY1 expression in prostate cancer (PCa). Aberrant YY1 expression was validated in different PCa tissues and cell lines via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vivo and in vitro functional assays verified the oncogenicity of YY1 in PCa. Further functional assays showed that ectopic expression of YY1 promoted cellular plasticity in PCa cells via epithelial‐mesenchymal transition induction and neuroendocrine differentiation.
Results
Androgen deprivation therapy induced a decrease in YY1 protein ubiquitination, enhanced its stability, and thus enhanced the transcriptional activity of FZD8. Castration enhanced FZD8 binding to Wnt9A and mediated cellular plasticity by activating the non‐canonical Wnt (FZD8/FYN/STAT3) pathway.
Conclusions
We identified YY1 as a novel dysregulated transcription factor that plays an important role in NEPC progression in this study. We believe that an in‐depth investigation of the mechanism underlying YY1‐mediated disease may lead to improved NEPC therapies.
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