Abstract
Summary
The interaction between tumor and immune system plays a crucial role in both cancer development and treatment response. To facilitate comprehensive investigation of tumor–immune ...interactions, we have designed a user-friendly web portal TISIDB, which integrated multiple types of data resources in oncoimmunology. First, we manually curated 4176 records from 2530 publications, which reported 988 genes related to anti-tumor immunity. Second, genes associated with the resistance or sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated killing and immunotherapy were identified by analyzing high-throughput screening and genomic profiling data. Third, associations between any gene and immune features, such as lymphocytes, immunomodulators and chemokines, were pre-calculated for 30 TCGA cancer types. In TISIDB, biologists can cross-check a gene of interest about its role in tumor–immune interactions through literature mining and high-throughput data analysis, and generate testable hypotheses and high quality figures for publication.
Availability and implementation
http://cis.hku.hk/TISIDB
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multifunctional N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been revealed to be an important epigenetic component in various physiological and pathological processes, but its role in female ovarian aging remains ...unclear. Thus, we demonstrated m6A demethylase FTO downregulation and the ensuing increased m6A in granulosa cells (GCs) of human aged ovaries, while FTO-knockdown GCs showed faster aging-related phenotypes mediated. Using the m6A-RNA-sequence technique (m6A-seq), increased m6A was found in the FOS-mRNA-3'UTR, which is suggested to be an erasing target of FTO that slows the degradation of FOS-mRNA to upregulate FOS expression in GCs, eventually resulting in GC-mediated ovarian aging. FTO acts as a senescence-retarding protein via m6A, and FOS knockdown significantly alleviates the aging of FTO-knockdown GCs. Altogether, the abovementioned results indicate that FTO in GCs retards FOS-dependent ovarian aging, which is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target against ovarian aging and age-related reproductive diseases.
Accompanying the boom in multifunctional wearable electronics, flexible, sustainable, and wearable power sources are facing great challenges. Here, a stretchable, washable, and ultrathin ...skin‐inspired triboelectric nanogenerator (SI‐TENG) to harvest human motion energy and act as a highly sensitive self‐powered haptic sensor is reported. With the optimized material selections and structure design, the SI‐TENG is bestowed with some merits, such as stretchability (≈800%), ultrathin (≈89 µm), and light‐weight (≈0.23 g), which conformally attach on human skin without disturbing its contact. A stretchable composite electrode, which is formed by homogenously intertwining silver nanowires (AgNWs) with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber networks, is fabricated through synchronous electrospinning of TPU and electrospraying of AgNWs. Based on the triboelectrification effect, the open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and power density of the SI‐TENG with a contact area of 2 × 2 cm2 and an applied force of 8 N can reach 95 V, 0.3 µA, and 6 mW m−2, respectively. By integrating the signal‐processing circuits, the SI‐TENG with excellent energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing capability is demonstrated as a haptic sensor array to detect human actions. The SI‐TENG exhibits extensive applications in the fields of human–machine interface and security systems.
In this work, a simple and low‐cost method to fabricate a stretchable and ultrathin skin‐inspired triboelectric nanogenerator (SI‐TENG) through synchronous electrospraying and electrospinning techniques is presented. Based on the optimized material selections and structure design, the SI‐TENG with the features of ultrathin, transparency, light‐weight, and excellent stretchability can be used as a self‐powered haptic sensor, such as game controllers.
The development of electrocatalysts capable of efficient reduction of nitrate (NO
) to ammonia (NH
) is drawing increasing interest for the sake of low carbon emission and environmental protection. ...Herein, we present a CuCo bimetallic catalyst able to imitate the bifunctional nature of copper-type nitrite reductase, which could easily remove NO
via the collaboration of two active centers. Indeed, Co acts as an electron/proton donating center, while Cu facilitates NO
adsorption/association. The bio-inspired CuCo nanosheet electrocatalyst delivers a 100 ± 1% Faradaic efficiency at an ampere-level current density of 1035 mA cm
at -0.2 V vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode. The NH
production rate reaches a high activity of 4.8 mmol cm
h
(960 mmol g
h
). A mechanistic study, using electrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy, reveals a strong synergy between Cu and Co, with Co sites promoting the hydrogenation of NO
to NH
via adsorbed *H species. The well-modulated coverage of adsorbed *H and *NO
led simultaneously to high NH
selectivity and yield.
Palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective dearomative arylalkynylation of N‐substituted indoles, through a Heck/Sonogashira sequence, was established using a new BINOL‐based phosphoramidite as the chiral ...ligand. A wide range of 2,3‐disubstituted indolines, bearing vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters, were efficiently constructed in one step with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee) and diastereoselectivities (>20:1).
Double the function: A highly enantioselective dearomative arylalkynylation of N‐substituted indoles with alkynes has been established by using palladium and a BINOL‐based phosphoramidite as the chiral ligand. A wide range of 2,3‐disubstituted indolines, bearing vicinal tertiary and quaternary stereocenters, were constructed in one step with excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
Vehicular applications and communications technologies are often referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), which is classified into four different types: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle- ...to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) 1. V2X related research projects, field tests, and regulatory work have been promoted in different countries and regions. In May 2015, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of China explained national strategies, "Made in China 2025," about intelligent connected vehicles. In 2020 and 2025, the overall technology and key technologies for intelligent driver assistance and automatic driving will be available in China, respectively 2. V2X solutions are the critical technologies to support the realization of such visions. Although IEEE 802.11p has been selected as the technology for V2X communications in some countries such as the United States and in Europe, the intrinsic characteristics of IEEE 802.11p have confined the technology to support low latency with high reliability 3, 4. Standardization of Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based V2X is being actively conducted by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to provide the solution for V2X communications that benefit from the global deployment and fast commercialization of LTE systems. Because of the wide deployment of LTE networks, V2I and V2N services can be provided with high data rate, comprehensive quality of service (QoS) support, ubiquitous coverage, and high penetration rate 5. Meanwhile, LTE can be extended to support V2V direct communications based on device-to-device (D2D) sidelink design to satisfy the QoS requirements, such as low latency, high reliability, and high speed in the case of high vehicle density 6.
Abstract
Dearomative functionalization reactions represent an important strategy for the synthesis of valuable three-dimensional molecules from simple planar aromatics. Naphthalene is a challenging ...arene towards transition-metal-catalyzed dearomative difunctionalization reactions. Reported herein is an application of naphthalene as a masked conjugated diene in a palladium-catalyzed dearomative 1,4-diarylation or 1,4-vinylarylation reaction via tandem Heck/Suzuki sequence. Three types of 1,4-dihydronaphthalene-based spirocyclic compounds are achieved in excellent regio- and diastereoselectivities. Key to this transformation is the inhibition of a few competitive side reactions, including intramolecular naphthalenyl C-H arylation, intermolecular Suzuki cross-coupling, dearomative 1,2-difunctionalization, and dearomative reductive-Heck reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations imply that the facile exergonic dearomative insertion of a naphthalene double bond disrupts the sequence of direct Suzuki coupling, leading to the tandem Heck/Suzuki coupling reaction. The observed regioselectivity towards 1,4-difunctionalization is due to the steric repulsions between the introduced aryl group and the spiro-scaffold in 1,2-difunctionalization.
Herein, a general strategy for chemo‐ and regioselective 1,2‐reduction of chromium‐bound arenes was developed, thus providing rapid access to 1,3‐cyclohexadienes. Selective arene activation via ...π‐complexation along with the use of mild hydride Ph3SiH can overcome the inherently low reactivity of arene π‐bonds while tolerating various reduction‐sensitive functional groups. Its versatility further enables a regiodivergent deuteration. Using different sequences of (non)deuterated hydride and acid reagents, the deuterated positions as well as the degrees of deuterium incorporation can be controlled precisely, which leads to a large and previously inaccessible chemical space for 1,3‐cyclohexadiene isotopologues. A reasonable mechanism was proposed based on intermediate capture and control experiments. The synthetic value of this selective 1,2‐reduction was demonstrated in the formal total synthesis of (±)‐galanthamine and (±)‐lycoramine.
A general and efficient protocol for chemo‐ and regioselective 1,2‐reduction of arenes via η6‐coordination to chromium has been reported for the first time. The versatility of this strategy further leads to a regiodivergent reductive deuteration that enables precise control of the deuteration sites as well as the degrees of deuterium incorporation.
The extensively developed ene‐type enantioselective cycloisomerization of classical 1,n‐enynes provides an efficient approach to chiral cyclic 1,4‐dienes. In contrast, the catalytic asymmetric ...heteroarenyne (heteroarene–alkyne) cycloisomerization involving the dearomative transformation of endocyclic aromatic C=C bonds remains unknown. Herein, we communicate a PdH‐catalyzed enantioselective heteroarenyne cycloisomerization reaction of alkyne‐tethered indole substrates (formal 1,5‐ and 1,6‐enynes). Based on this strategy, a variety of structurally diverse chiral spiro and fused indoline derivatives bearing quaternary stereocenters and exocyclic C=C bonds are afforded in moderate to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee). The classical ene‐type enantioselective 1,5‐enyne cycloisomerization of N‐vinylpropiolamides is also developed to afford chiral 2‐pyrrolones in good to excellent ee values.
A palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective ene‐type cycloisomerization of heteroarenynes has been developed with alkyne‐tethered indoles as substrates. The reaction provides an efficient avenue for the synthesis of structurally diverse indolines bearing quaternary stereocenters in moderate to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee).
High-quality airborne display benefits pilots of making correct interpretation and operation in time, and avoids from moving body due to the unclear transmission of flight data which may lead to ...flying risk. A directional modulated light-emitting technology based on airborne display is proposed in this paper which can be used on Diamond DA42 New Generation aircraft. Using the proposed technology, a composite optical film with micro-structure is designed which can realise the redistribution of light intensity according to the viewing demand. A collimated display is introduced to reduce the colour shift. When the optical film is attached on a collimated display, the incident light of small viewing angles can be directionally modulated and concentrated to the large viewing angles which are just effective pilot and co-pilot viewing angles. The calculation results show that the brightness of airborne display on two pilots' viewing angles can be increased by 38.9% and 58.7% respectively after using the proposed technology. Meanwhile, the emergent angles from the collimated display are smaller than both two pilots' viewing angles, so the proposed optical film is beneficial to reduce the colour shift and resulting in a better display quality.
PDF
