•Constructing an ecosystem health evaluation index system based on DPSR model.•Investigation and determination of the ecological condition of Liaohe River basin.•Spatial autocorrelation analysis of ...ecosystem health outcomes.•Exploring the impact of climate change and human activities on ecosystem health.
Rapid urban development, increasing urban population, and drastic land-use changes may cause deterioration of ecosystem health and pose a serious threat to sustainable development. In this study, the analytic hierarchy process-driving-pressure-state-response (AHP-DPSR) model was used to evaluate the ecosystem health of the Liaohe River Basin in Jilin Province, China. The DPSR model was used to select indicators, and 29 indicators were selected for the ecosystem health evaluation index system, including four aspects of driving, pressure, state, and response. At the same time, the weights of each index were determined using AHP, and the spatiotemporal change pattern of ecosystem health in the past 15 years was assessed. The results of the ecosystem health assessment in the study area were spatially spread using ArcGIS software. Finally, the influence of climate and human activities on ecosystem health status was explored. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of the ecosystem health structure was conducted to provide suggestions for the subsequent improvement of ecosystem health quality and sustainable development in the region. The results showed the following: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the health level of the ecosystem in the study area generally showed a trend of improvement. The percentages of ecosystem health in the study area, from high to low in 2020 were 26%, 24%, 31%, 12%, and 7%. (2) The regions with high spatial autocorrelation in 2020 were Gongzhuling City, Dongliao County, Xi'an District, and Longshan District. These areas can be prioritized for ecological management of the region. (3) The spatial and temporal variation in ecosystem health in the Liaohe River Basin of Jilin Province is significantly influenced by precipitation, temperature, and GDP in the region. The conclusions of this study can provide policy references and scientific guidance for the ecological environmental protection and sustainable development of the Liaohe River Basin in Jilin Province.
In this study, CaO prepared by calcination treatment from abandoned
Achatina fulica
shell was used as a raw material, and the floral CaO/ZnO photocatalytic composite material was prepared through ...co-precipitation method. SEM study showed ZnO with spindle-like petals in the range of 500–1000 nm grown on the surface of CaO carrier. The mapping image shows that the base component of the floral structure is mainly CaO, which is because CaO is not only in the reaction as a carrier, but also creates an alkaline environment in the methanol system, which is advantageous for co-precipitation. UV-vis spectroscopy shows that the visible light absorption of composites has red shifts; besides, PL, EIS, and photocurrent test showed that the composites have stronger electronic hole separation capabilities. The visible light degradation test of rhodamine B showed that CaO/ZnO photocatalytic composite could degrade 90% of the pollutants in 25 min, superior to CaO and ZnO, exhibiting recyclability properties, which is a potential candidate with cost-effective and sustainable photocatalysts.
The effects of hydrolysis methods (hydrothermal, acid, alkali, hydrothermal-enzyme, acid-enzyme, and alkali-enzyme) on hydrolysate characteristics and photo fermentative hydrogen production (PFHP) of ...corn straw (CS) and sorghum straw (SS) were investigated. The optimum production of reducing the sugar of straw in different solvent environments was studied by one-step hydrolysis and co-enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment through a 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. The hydrogen production process by photolytic fermentation of hydrolysates of Rhodobacter sphaeroides HY01 was further analyzed through a gas chromatograph, including the differences in accumulated PFHP yield, chemical oxygen consumption (COD), and volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition. The results showed that the highest reducing sugar yield was obtained by the acid method among one-step hydrolysis. In contrast, acid-enzyme hydrolysis can further increase the reducing sugar yield, which reached 0.42 g·g−1-straw of both straws. Both CS and SS had the highest hydrogen yield from acid-enzyme hydrolysate, 122.72 ± 3.34 mL·g−1-total solid of straw (TS) and 170.04 ± 4.12 mL·g−1-TS, respectively, compared with their acid hydrolysates with 40.46% and 10.53% higher hydrogen yields, respectively. The use of enzymatic hydrolysis showed a significantly higher hydrogen yield for CS compared to SS, indicating that acid hydrolysis was more suitable for SS and acid-enzyme hydrolysis was more suitable for CS.
The spent mushroom substrate is usually wasted after culturing, causing environmental pollution and waste of resources. In this study, spent mushroom substrate was used as the source to cultivate
...Purpureocillium lilacinum
. Under optimal conditions (SMS: water ratio was 1:6, 0.5% ZnCl
2
, 1% NaNO
3
, 7% inoculum volume, 29 °C, and 6 days), the fermentation product of
P. lilacinum
was obtained (1.18 × 10
8
spores/mL). Granules with a diameter of 0.2–0.5 cm and a live fungi content of 1.3 × 10
7
CFU/g were prepared by using spent mushroom substrate and the fermentation product of
P. lilacinum.
The pot experiments were carried out to evaluate the control effect of the granules on soybean cyst nematode. The results of the pot experiment showed that the application of granules could reduce the cysts by 80.1% and promote the growth of plants. The granules can be stored at 4 °C for more than 6 months. The results proved the feasibility of preparing bio-pesticides from the spent mushroom substrate.
Graphical abstract
A series of 2-amino-4-aryl-4H,8H-6-methyl-8-oxo-pyrano3,2-bpyran derivatives have been synthesized efficiently from aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile or cyanoacetate, and ...5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one via an one-pot three-component reaction catalyzed by Et3N in ionic liquid bmimBF4. The present approach offers the advantages of short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, high yields, convenient operation, and reuse of ionic liquid.
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•Bifunctional CS/DS@ZIF-8 microspheres were prepared by electrospray method.•The microspheres grow the MOFs layer in situ to improve the interface contact.•The maximum adsorption ...capacities of Pb2+ and Cu2+ were 340.94 mg/g and 308.27 mg/g.•CS/DS@ZIF-8 has excellent antibacterial properties, easy to recycle and reuse.•Reveal the adsorption and antibacterial mechanism of bifunctional microspheres.
A bifunctional composite microsphere adsorbent with high adsorption and antimicrobial activity was synthesized by combining zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) chitosan microspheres doped with silica (CS/DS) prepared by electrospraying method for removing heavy metal ions Pb2+ and Cu2+. The samples were characterized by chemical, morphological, thermal behavior, specific surface area and pore size analysis. Compared with chitosan microspheres and CS/DS, CS/DS@ZIF-8 has good crystallinity, high specific surface area, multi-pore size distribution, better thermal stability and more active groups. The adsorption process of Pb2+ and Cu2+ on CS/DS@ZIF-8 conformed to the Langmuir model and Pseudo 2nd kinetics model, of which the maximum adsorption capacities were 340.94 mg/g and 308.27 mg/g, respectively, which were better than those of CS and CS/DS microsphere adsorbents. At the same time, the composite microspheres have excellent antibacterial properties and have application potential in solving practical wastewater treatment. It is worth mentioning that CS/DS@ZIF-8 maintains 81.3 % and 72.9 % adsorption rates for Pb2+ and Cu2+ after five cycles. This study aims to help design new bifunctional adsorbents with the ability to remove chemical and biological pollutants to promote practical application scenarios.
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•A novel 70 L tubular photo-bioreactor for biohydrogen production was constructed.•The LCE of 4% can be achieved by the method of the built-in light source.•Maximum hydrogen yield of ...7 mol H2 /mol glucose was obtained in the batch stage.•The average hydrogen production rate can reach 22.8 mL H2/(L·h) at HRT of 5 d.
A novel 70 L composite tubular photo-bioreactor was constructed, and its photo-fermentation hydrogen production characteristics of batch and continuous modes were investigated with glucose as the substrate in an outdoor environment. In the batch fermentation stage, the hydrogen production rate peaked at 37.6 mL H2/(L·h) accompanied by a high hydrogen yield of 7 mol H2/mol glucose. The daytime light conversion efficiency is 4 %, with 37 % of light energy from the sun. An optimal hydraulic retention time of 5 d was identified during continuous photo-fermentation. Under this condition, the stability of the cell concentration is maintained and more electrons can be driven to the hydrogen generation pathway while attaining a hydrogen production rate of 20.7 ± 0.9 mL H2/(L·h). The changes of biomass, volatile fatty acids concentration and ion concentration during fermentation were analyzed. Continuous hydrogen production by composite tubular photo-bioreactor offers new ideas for the large-scale deployment of photobiological hydrogen production.
This paper presents a novel lab-on-a-chip type bio-sensing system that is comprised of magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor, planar coil, and microfluidic system. The novelty of this system is to integrate ...planar coil to wirelessly actuate and detect the ME biosensor. Compared with solenoid coil that is traditionally used to measure ME sensors, the two-dimensional planar coil made by micro-fabrication process shows advantages of easy miniaturization and integration. The ME-sensor based microfluidic-chip was fabricated. By assembling poly-L-lysine coated ME biosensors into the chip, real-time in-liquid detection of yeast cells at different concentrations was successfully performed. The results showed that continuous decrease in the resonant frequency of the ME biosensor was observed as yeast cells were attaching on the sensor surface. Significant frequency shifts were obtained when the cell binding reached equilibrium. With the in situ real-time bio-sensing capability, this highly integratable system shows great potential of being used for rapid and low-cost bio-analysis.
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•1. UV–vis responsive Fe@C additives promote hydrogen production in photofermentation.•Introduction of TEOA in Fe@C hydrogen photofermentation system increased by 129%.•Dynamic ...regulation of fermentation environment and metabolites of R. sphaeroides.•Rapid electron transfer and microenvironment pH stability in ternary systems.
This study investigated the mediating effect of Triethanolamine on Fe@C-Rhodobacter sphaeroides hybrid photosynthetic system to achieve efficient biohydrogen production. The biocompatible Fe@C generates excited electrons upon exposure to light, releasing ferrum for nitrogenase synthesis, and regulating the pH of the fermentation environment. Triethanolamine was introduced to optimize the electron transfer chain, thereby improving system stability, prolonging electron lifespan, and facilitating ferrum corrosion. This, in turn, stimulated the lactic acid synthetic metabolic pathway of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, resulting in increased reducing power in the biohybrid system. The ternary coupling system was analyzed through the regulation of concentration, initial pH, and light intensity. The system achieved the highest total H2 production of 5410.9 mL/L, 1.29 times higher than the control (2360.5 mL/L). This research provides a valuable strategy for constructing ferrum-carbon-based composite-cellular biohybrid systems for photo-fermentation H2 production.
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•In situ FZC honeycomb spheres for cellulase direct adsorption and immobilization.•ZIF-8 components of the carrier regulate secondary structure of cellulase.•Thermal activation of ...immobilized enzyme was reported.•Application of immobilized cellulase in biomass saccharification.
This paper presents a promising heterogeneous biocatalyst-immobilized cellulase system, which can facilitate the targeted catalytic conversion of biomass to reducing sugars. Magnetic Zeolite Imidazole Framework-8/chitosan (Fe3O4/ZIF-8/CS, FZC) hybrid honeycomb microspheres were synthesized to immobilize cellulase using an in-situ growth strategy. The enhancement of immobilization efficiency induced by each constituent of the composite carrier was explored. This exploration was grounded in varying combinations of components within the honeycomb composite spheres, revealing the indispensability of ZIF-8. Through in-situ assembly, the composite material presents a microsphere with an internal honeycomb structure and multilevel pores. Effective immobilization, temperature-responsive conformational change, and cyclic stability were achieved due to the scaling effect of the channel, extensive specific surface area, and abundant amino group interactions enable immobilized enzymes to maintain excellent performance under challenging operating conditions, demonstrating an enhanced structure-performance relationship. With the obtained immobilized cellulase, we achieved a high load (461.67 mg/g) of cellulase and a significant reducing sugar yield (328.39 mg/g) from corncob waste. In addition, we investigated the enhancement effect of thermal activation on the immobilized enzyme activity of composite carrier. The results showed that the appropriate heat treatment was conducive to the activation of FZC immobilized enzyme with a reducing sugar yield 1.61 times higher than that of the control. The strategy provided in this study promotes the development of immobilized biocatalysts and provides a useful reference for the further design of biocatalytic systems.
